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Niet alleen om de rubber: Over Baťa, Tsjechen en Slowaken in Nederlands-Indië en het beeld van Nederlands-Indië in Tsjechoslowakije
173-206Views:28Czechoslovakia was a new state that emerged in 1918. It combined the former Kingdom of the Bohemian Crown and former Felvidék – Upper-Hungary. In the period between the two World Wars, and especially after 1930 when the Czechoslovak shoe concern Baťa started its presence in Dutch East-Indies, a couple of novels by Dutch writers has been translated into Czech. Most of them were written by Madelon Székely-Lulofs and Johan Fabricius, the latter even visited Czechoslovakia in 1934. These novels and practical travel stories mainly by Czech entrepreneurs formed the picture of Dutch EastIndies in the mind of Czechoslovak people. Because of a lack of Dutch technic graduates, Dutch authorities recruited engineers from elsewhere, especially from Central Europe. Thus, between the beginning of the 20th century and the end of Dutch East-Indies (1949) some 80 to 100 Czechoslovaks were living in the colony in 1949. Most of them didn’t receive Dutch nationality. In 1939, they were considered to be citizens of the so-called Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia. When the Japanese occupied the colony in 1941, the Protectorate government tried to repatriate its citizens and asked Japanese authorities to spare Czechs. The Japanese treated them then as “non-belligerent enemies”. Most Czechs didn’t accept the offer to stay outside the concentration camps and either entered the camps as did their Dutch colleagues, or even participated in the very little and weak resistance against the Japanese. A very special Czech presence was the factory PT Sepatu Bata built by the Czechoslovak concern Baťa in 1939 that was interested in Indonesian rubber and saw also possibilities to enter the East-Indian market.
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Erwtensoep is geen borsóleves: Vormverschillen tussen Nederlandse en Hongaarse samenstellingen veroorzaken conceptuele verschillen
7-35Views:36The present study investigates whether form differences between Dutch and Hungarian influence the interpretations that speakers have. The Dutch plural suffix –en, for example erwt-en (‘pea-s’), is often homographic and homophonous with the linking element in noun-noun compounds, for example erwtensoep (‘pea + en + soup’). Hungarian, in contrast, has no such form correspondence. The interpretation of Dutch and Hungarian compounds was investigated. We found a difference between Hungarian speakers rating Hungarian modifiers and Dutch speakers rating Dutch modifiers: the plurality ratings for the number of peas in erwtensoep, was higher than those for the number of peas in of borsóleves. In addition, when rating Dutch compounds, native Hungarian speakers seem to rely more on form than native Dutch speakers.
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Economisch belang en persoonlijk voorkeur: De rol van het vertalersechtpaar Székely-Lulofs in het cultureel transfer
75-94Views:67The Dutch writer Madelon Székely-Lulofs and her husband László Székely played a very
important role in the cultural transfer between the Netherlands and Hungary in the thirties
of the 20th century. They have translated several works of Dutch and Hungarian writers
and wrote novels about the Dutch-East Indies. They chose writers who were successful
and well-known for their translations. Commercial success and personal interests also
played a role in their choice of works to translate. As a results the works of Lajos Kassák,
Sándor Márai, Ferenc Molnár, Lajos Zilahy, Jolán Földes, Mihály Földi, Zsolt Harsányi,
Ferenc Körmendi and Gábor Vaszary were translated in Dutch. Books of Piet Bakker, Jan
de Hartog, Ary den Hertog, Klaas Nore and Anton Coolen were translated in Hungarian. -
Op weg naar een doelgerichter universitair NT2 uitspraakonderwijs: Contrastieve uitspraakanalyse Hongaars-Nederlands
161-187Views:24The aim of this paper is to take the first step in providing a systematic analysis of the pronunciation problems of adult Hungarian learners of Dutch. The paper focuses on the specific difficulties and needs of students on the three university departments of Dutch in Hungary. In order to make pronunciation teaching as effective as possible for this – in several important respects – homogeneous group of students, it is essential to define their specific goals and most potential problems. Although the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) provides a detailed description of the pronunciation skills to be attained at the different output levels (from A1 to C2), the optimal target of pronunciation teaching on the Hungarian university departments of Dutch is defined here in terms of prettig verstaanbaarheid (≈pleasant comprehensibility), i.e. neither as mere comprehensibility, or as native-likeness. The main arguments in favour of this objective are based on a short overview of the relevant literature and of the specific needs of these students. Special emphasis is laid on the importance of the comparative analysis in this particular educational environment. In the second part of the paper, some of the most conspicuous segmental pronunciation errors of Hungarian university students of Dutch are analysed in a contrastive framework with reference to both phonetic and phonological aspects. The errors are categorised in terms of a simple hierarchical system of the elements of pronunciation based on the CEFR.
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De Nederlandse vertaling van Ferenc Pápai Páriz’ Rudus redivivum (1701)
95-137Views:40Ferenc Pápai Páriz, Professor at the Reformed College of Nagyenyed in Transylvania published his work ‘Rudus redivium’ on church history in Hungary and Transylvania in 1684 in Nagyszeben. The Dutch physician and literary man, Abraham van Poot brought out another book entitled ‘Korte historie van de reformatie der kerken van Hongaryen en Sevenbergenʼ (Short history of the Reformation in Hungary and Transylvania) in 1701 in Amsterdam. Text analysis indicates that the Dutch book is a complete translation of the work of Pápai Páriz. A letter published at the end of the appendix of the Dutch work proves that the author and the translater knew each other. A unique copy of the Dutch book is preserved in the Metropolitan Ervin Szabó Library, Budapest.
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“Carry each other’s burdens” Children’s aid missions in the Netherlands
223-237Views:27In the 20th century the Dutch government and the Dutch people undertook the mission of helping socially deprived children on several occassions. The Hungarian and the Dutch Reformed churches have been tied by a close, brotherly bond for several centuries. The major organizer of the children’s holiday scheme was László Pap, Reformed minister, professor of theology in Budapest. 500 children on board of the first train traveled to the Netherlands on July 12th, 1948 and on January 19th, 1949 they arrived home. All the children are perfectly happy in their host families. The children are more than satisfied with their host families and vice versa. They had also found many friends, brothers and sisters, and had become family members.
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In de dienst van de VOC: Een voorlopige inventarisatie van Hongaren in dienst van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (1602-1795)
25-108Views:107This paper presents a preliminary survey of people coming from Hungary who were employed for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) between 1602 and 1795, drawing some conclusions from the point of view of national identity, education, social class and ethnic background. The survey was conducted using the database of sea-voyagers of the Dutch National Archive, containing detailed information of the background of the people who entered the service of the VOC. There has never been done a detailed survey of Hungarian immigrants coming to the Dutch Republic in the Early Modern period. So far, only students coming from Hungary to the Netherlands have been studied, but the majority of them have returned to their home country after university and did not stay here. The aim is to introduce the source material and its context in general, which can be the basis of further investigations. So far, almost 118 Hungarians have been identified. The majority of the Hungarians occupied modest positions on the ships and did not return from the east.
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“Houd moed: Kijk naar Nederland. / Kijk naar zijn vorstin! Je bent niet langer wees.”: Het “Hongaarse raam” in het Nederlandse koninklijke paleis
151-187Views:34“Do not lose heart: Look at The Netherlands. / Look at its queen! You are no longer
orphaned.”: The Hungarian window in the Dutch royal palace During a festive gathering on 21 December 1923 in the Dutch Royal Palace of Noordeinde in The Hague, a small group of delegates from the Hungarian-Dutch Society from Hungary presented a stained-glass window as a gift to Queen Wilhelmina for the 25th anniversary of her ascension to the Dutch throne. The magnificent stained-glass window in Art Nouveaustyle (202 x137 cm) made by Miksa Róth and Sándor Nagy, with an unconventional representation of the queen was given to her as a token of gratitude for the relief project arranged for children after the First World War. According to the information of the National League of Child Protection, between 1920 and 1930 28,563 Hungarian children from impoverished families were taken to the Netherlands for a holiday with Dutch foster parents. The window is kept today on the first floor of the west wing of the Palace, but the event and its significance is largely forgotten in the historiography of Hungarian ‒ Dutch relations. In this article, the pieces of the puzzle concerning the artistic object itself, the historical circumstances of the gift-giving, the intermediaries and the symbolic message are assembled, to reveal the working and complexity of cultural transfer. It is argued that the metaphor of Queen Wilhelmina, as the mother of the Hungarians, articulated on different levels of symbolic representation and communication can be seen not only as a sign of gratitude. This image should also be understood as an unspoken wish that the apolitical objectives of the relief actions would also indirectly support a political agenda, and that the personal and institutional contacts would lead to greater understanding of the Hungarian efforts to moderate the excessive punishment under which the country was suffering as result of the Treaty of Trianon. -
Gamificatie in de methode in het NVT-onderwijs: Onderzoek naar het gebruik van het programma HANNA en de applicatie MONDLY bij scholieren Nederlands
107-126Views:28Our research explores the effects of digital supplementary course materials used among Hungarian students in secondary education learning Dutch. Our aim was to investigate how supplementary electronic, online and digital course material impacts students aged 15-20 learning Dutch at school as well as their motivation, their experience of flow/anti-flow and their level of Dutch. During the intervention we applied HANNA, a course material developed for tablets, and Mondly, a phone application. Our research focused on 2 main research questions and 5 hypotheses, regarding motivation, motivational pattern and the expected changes, while the hypotheses centred on the flow/antiflow experience, the level of language and its changes. Both the research questions and the hypotheses were established in an abductive framework. We employed qualitative research methods due to the number of our samples. Our research incorporated focusgroup and individual interviews as well. The study was supported by the Foreign Research Group On Language Teaching, a joint project between the Hungarian Academy and the University of Debrecen.
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Rudolf J. Vonka, vertaler of verminker? Hoe het spel met de omvang van teksten leidde tot populariteit van Nederlandstalige literatuur in Tsjechië in het interbellum
95-115Views:35Rudolf J. Vonka (1877–1964) was one of the most important Czech translators of Dutch
literature in the interwar period. He is best known as the translator of novels by the then
internationally renowned Flemish writer Felix Timmermans. His translations were very
successful, received positive reviews and were reprinted, sometimes long after the Second
World War. However, the Dutch translator and netherlandist Olga Krijtová (1931–2013)
discovered that Vonka had largely adapted the translated texts, which is a serious offence
according to Czech translatological standards. The contribution discusses Vonka’s
position and work as a translator and possible motives for his approach. Finally, it shows
why Vonka can after all be considered an important contributor to the spread of Dutchlanguage literature in the Czech Republic. -
H.C. Zentgraaff contra het echtpaar Székely-Lulofs: Wie was die man?
133-143Views:24In 1931 and 1932, Madelon Lulofs published her novels Rubber and Koelie; in 1935 Van oerwoud tot plantage appeared, a translation of the novel Őserdőktől az ültetvényekig by her spouse, László Székely, that came out in the same year. The novels give a realistic and revealing look into the harsh life on the plantations of Deli at the East Coast of Sumatra. Although the books were generally well received in the Netherlands and were considered by progressive critics to be accusations against the colonial administration, the Dutch East Indian press responded with indignation: the colony, as they concluded, was put in a bad light, which created a wrong impression amongst the general public abroad. Besides, equally importantly, these novels served as an evidence of colonial oppression for Indian nationalists, they argued. The Székely-Lulofs couple was heavily rebuked for it. The hate campaign against them was led by journalist H.C. Zentgraaff.
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De Vlaamse Beweging en de patstelling van het Nederlands in de publieke overheid en het onderwijs in het jonge België (1830–1850)
47-58Views:31Although the freedom of language use was anchored in the Belgian Constitution of 1831,
in practice it led to almost complete Frenchification of public life, because civil servants
could choose their own language. Dutch thus became the language of the countryside and
the lower classes. Secondary and higher education were exclusively French speaking. The
Flemish Movement came into being as a reaction to this. Cultural associations were
founded and standards for Dutch language established. A petition in 1840 revealed the
extent of the problem – the Flemish Movement demanded language equality and the
establishment of a Flemish Academy. Although there was partial success in 1850
(Dutchification of primary and secondary education in Flanders), the petition also
provoked a hostile reaction among French speakers who accused the Flemings of antibelgitude. The Flemish Movement therefore issued a pro-Belgian manifesto. But the
government remained French speaking, so there was a stalemate. -
Enkele beginselen van de persoonlijke, professionele en interculturele ontwikkeling van toekomstige vertalers: (Niet alleen voor neerlandici)
63-73Views:35Some principles of intercultural personal development for future translators (not only Dutch translators).
This paper points out the necessary hard and soft skills of future translators and interpreters with regard to their intercultural competences. The issue has been widely discussed around the world, but the wide range of problems needs to be updated in each country, for each language pair. For students of Dutch Studies, the fact that Dutch as a pluricentric language often has terminological variants and pseudo-synonyms adds to this. In any case, this should also be conveyed didactically and thus sensitize the students in this respect as well.
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Cultuur onderwijzen in NVT-lessen voor Hongaarse universiteitsstudenten
117-160Views:22If we look at language course books for beginners we see that a lot of cultural aspects emerge even from these low-level texts. I analysed a Dutch course book (B. de Boer, M. van der Kamp, B. Lijmbach (2010). Nederlands in gang. Coutinho) and tried to find the matches with Hofstede’s five dimensions, with special attention to the elements of dimensions which can be related to education and foreign language teaching. I found that three dimensions which are typical of Dutch society and which are different in Hungarian society, may influence foreign language learners’ perception of the target language and culture . These are 1. Small power distance (especially at school and at home) which can foster or impede creativity; it also has far-reaching consequences for the degree of directness/indirectness in communication in teacher-learner interaction and also on societal level; and its effect on dealing with guests and privacy. 2. Individualism: influences our contacts in the family, but also our rights to freedom of opinion and expression in social interaction, and it also influences the space, the houses where we live and how we deal with guests. 3. Femininity: this dimension plays an important role in negotiations and discussions. Working on reaching mutual understanding and the willingness to listen to each others’ opinion are also characteristic features of femininity. This dimension influences also our ideas about the past, the history of our country and how important this national history is for our country at present. We also wittness some kind of shift towards masculinity in the Netherlands in the past years which again lets us think further how we can incorporate teaching culture in our language curriculum, without being stereotypical. 118 Eszter Zelenka In my paper I discuss the different possible ways of drawing beginners’ attention to cultural values, hidden in texts; and the choices that a foreign language teacher has to make in this process.
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Bloempje, kostuumpje, wieltje of bloemetje, kostumetje, wieletje? Een corpusanalyse naar de Nederlandse diminutieve allomorfie
95-106Views:23This article deals with the variation of diminutive forms in contemporary Standard Dutch. Despite the well-described rules of diminutive formation, there are a number of words that have more than one well-formed diminutive forms in Dutch. The article provides a brief overview of diminutive formation in Dutch, as well as a description of the cases where a word can have more than one grammatical diminutive form. The second part of the article is an account of a corpus-based study examining the words that contain a high vowel in their final (or only) syllables and end in m, n or l. The goal of the study is to examine the behaviour of the diminutive forms of these stems.
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Een toeristische brochure: een oefening in persuasieve teksten: Casus: de Nederlandstalige brochure over Zagreb
197-223Views:115Persuasive documents are defined as documents that transfer the information to the reader with the purpose of influencing their attitude. Travel brochures, like the brochure of the city of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, also belong to this category. Since tourism plays an important role in Croatia’s economy and since every year the number of Dutch speaking tourists visiting Zagreb is growing, a two-part study was conducted to test whether the Dutch translation of the brochure fulfils its purpose, i.e. whether it is convincing or not. The first part of the study was carried out using Hoeken’s (Het ontwerp van overtuigende teksten) pros-and-cons method. Six subjects participated in the study: three from the Netherlands and three from Flanders, Belgium. The second part of the study consists of authors’ analysis of the brochure based on Hoeken’s method as well. Finally, advice is given on how the brochure could be improved.
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Nederlandse walvisvaarders op Nova Zembla: De beschrijving van N. Ozereckowsky uit de 18de eeuw
59-75Views:118The Russian Orenburg expedition made important discoveries in Russia’s inlands between 1768 and 1774. One of the members of the expedition Nikolai Ozereckowsky (1750–1827), who was only eighteen years old at the time, gave a description of Nova Zembla. In 1788, information of local fishermen was added by Ozereckowsky to this description, of which one was a short passage about Dutch sailors. In our article we would like to shed light on, besides the original text, the background of the Orenburg expedition and Dutch whaling.
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George Pal, de vergeten Hongaarse Oscarwinnaar
53-77Views:104The name of the Hungarian animation film maker and producer George Pal (1908–1980) is almost unknown both in his home country Hungary and in the Netherlands, even though he played a key role in the formation of the Dutch animation film industry and was later granted with eight Oscars after he had emigrated to the USA. Once personally for the invention of a new animation film making technique, the so-called Puppetoon system. In this article I would like to summarize and fill his biography with until now unknown facts. Besides that, I would like to introduce his development, the puppetoon-system and demonstrate why we should see Pal as the founder of the Dutch industrial animation production.
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Ex libris Steph. S. Mányoki: Zeldzaam academisch drukwerk uit Franeker in de Klimo Bibliotheek te Pécs
11-35Views:127Some years ago, we discovered a Dutch item in the famous Klimo Library at Pécs. It is a Convolute, composed of 67 booklets, all printed in the Netherlands in the first half of the 17th century. The collection was made by a Hungarian student of theology from Debrecen, Stephanus / István S. Mányoki, during his stay as a peregrinus in the Netherlands, where he studied at the protestant universities in Groningen, Franeker, Leiden and Utrecht respectively (1646–1648). Later on, this collection of academic imprints came into the possession of Matthias / Mátyás Domsics (1691–1768), a Canon of the Cathedral at Pécs, in order to be used for his Refutation of the Protestant Doctrine of the Faith. However, Domsics could not finish his dogmatic studies. In 1767, the new Roman Catholic bishop of Pécs, Georgius / György Klimo (1710–1777), took over all the books Domsics had collected for that purpose. Thus, Mányoki’s Convolute of Dutch protestant academic imprints became a part of bishop Klimo’s library.
Mányoki’s Convolute makes a valuable contribution to current Dutch research in book history. This Convolute will be a great enrichment, especially for the “Short-Title Catalogue Netherlands” (STCN).
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Actuele benaderingen van literatuurdidactiek in het NVT-onderwijs in Hongarije: Voorstudie bij een empirisch onderzoek
143-158Views:33This article deals with current approaches of teaching literature in NVT studies in
Hungary. The research examines the coherence of literature and foreign language teaching
– in this case Dutch as a foreign language. The general question, which requires both
theoretical and empirical research, is aimed at which methods exist with which foreign
language skills can be developed through the teaching of literature and literary skills
through foreign language pedagogy. The present article is the first step on this path: it
describes the situation of literature and foreign language teaching in Hungary and those
theoretical approaches that should act as the background of future didactic research. -
De bedrieglijke verlokking van de tropen: Het vreemde in het dagboek van István Radnai
185-197Views:74István Radnai left his home country in 1914, hoping to achieve a brighter and richer future life. With his cousin, László Székely, he traveled to the then Dutch Indies, to Sumatra in order to become rich as a planter. After five weeks, however, he returned disappointed to Hungary, where he saw the beginning of the First World War. On the basis of his diary it is possible to reconstruct the reasons why he found it necessary to escape from the “self” and why he chose the tempting, unknown world. The binary opposition formed in this way undergoes a change in a different context; it becomes shifted and turned around. The interesting “other” becomes frightful and threatening which makes the “self” more valuable at the same time.
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De krokodil en de verdronken dienstmaagd: Székely-Lulofs in Deli en Boedapest
123-132Views:29Between the first own household of Madelon Székely-Lulofs – the well-known writer from the Dutch East Indies – in the arable region of Deli (on the east coast of Sumatra) and her home, later on, in the centre of Budapest one can notice a number of striking parallels. In both places the grinding lack of money, the care for the right food, her contact with the servants and a huge crocodile played a prominent role.
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Hungarica digitalia: Hongaarse bronnen in Nederlandse digitale collecties van archieven, musea en bibliotheken
109-120Views:77We live in a Golden Age for doing research on Dutch-Hungarian relations, as so many Dutch archives, museums and libraries digitise their collections and new research environments became available. The author describes in this article shortly the new trends in digital humanities and introduces recently digitised or born digital material and new available digital collections with Hungarian sources on the history of Dutch-Hungarian relations or at the Utrecht City Archives, The Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, the Amsterdam City Archives, the digital library Delpher of KB – National Library of the Netherlands and the Dutch web archive of the same library.
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Koning Sigismund en zijn gevolg in de Lage Landen – Nederlanders in Hongarije*
23-63Views:36The 1378 Great Western Schism gave a new direction to the Luxemburgs’ traditional pro-Valois politics. The House of Luxemburg took an abrupt turn away from the French orientation, who adhered to the obedience to the Avignon pope and were seeking for new partners. At the beginning of the 15th century, even amidst the Orléans-Armagnac vs. Burgundy antagonism, Sigismund had quite good contacts with the duke of Burgundy, probably stemming from their co-operation of the crusade of Nicopolis in 1396, the Flemish participation of which the article also investigates. Sigismund came closer to Burgundy at the Council of Constance, even though they had taken an opposite stand in important issues such as the inheritance of Brabant and Luxemburg. The Luxemburgs themselves also had possessions in the Low Countries, because in the 14th century the dynasty, besides Luxemburg, also owned the Duchy of Brabant and Limburg. In the 15th century, partly because of the Burgundians gaining substantial territories, they partially opposed their rights, thereby bringing forth conflicts within the Low Countries. The article explores the relations of the House of Burgundy with the provinces of the Netherlands, especially the county of Flanders and the Flemish cities. When it comes to ‘Burgundian’ contacts, it is fundamentally taken as relations with the Low Countries, particularly Flanders. The study examines the relationships that Sigismund maintained with the political figures of the Low Countries, especially the counts of Holland and Zeeland from the House of Wittelsbach, the duke of Gelderland and Juliers/Jülich asd well as the bishops of Utrecht and Lüttich/Luik. I also wish to shed light upon contacts beyond the scene of ‘high politics’. Although we can not speak of daily relations between Hungary and the provinces of the Low Countries, there were complex contacts. Hundreds of Flemish knights took up the Cross against the Ottomans and fought at Nicopolis, the campaign of which was also funded by 24 Attila Bárány the citizens of Flanders. A range of cities embraced a rather independent political track when supplied the Emperor with ships. Flemish or Dutch craftsmen built a river flotilla for Sigismund. Relations can be come across in the clergy: Dutch masters of theology and medicine were active in Hungary, most peculiarly contributing to the development of the university in Óbuda.
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„De Stefanuskroon niet Habsburgsch”: Alternatieven voor de oplossing van de Hongaarse ‘koningskwestie’ en de Nederlandse pers, 1919–1921
77-107Views:80Following the election of Miklós Horthy as Regent and the dethronement of Charles IV, a special public law situation developed in Hungary, during which the state form of the country remained, in fact, but no one had become authorized to occupy the Hungarian royal throne. The fact that a kingdom existed without a monarch in the heart of contemporary Europe served as an almost constant topic for the political and gossip columns of the domestic and international press, and also earned itself a prominent place among the conversation topics in the rather extensive network of European aristocracy. The importance of the Hungarian problem in the post-‘Great War’ period was also indicated by the lively interest taken by the diplomatic corps of some countries of the continent. Of course, many organizations and individuals tried to win their own ideas in the chaotic situation after the Trianon Treaty and get the Hungarian crown for their candidate or for themselves. This study attempts to introduce the Dutch press narratives in connection with the Hungarian ‘royal question’ between 1919 and 1921. During these years because of the fragile post-war Hungarian internal political situation this problem was at its most acute, and when most of the „candidates” and self-candidates for the Hungarian throne emerged. The paper also looks at the background to some of the motivations behind the candidates and how the news was spread in the international press of the time. The issue raised is of particular interest for the Hungarian-Dutch relations for two reasons. On one hand, there was a fundamental mutual sympathy between the two countries during this period. On the other hand, both countries were monarchies at the time, the public perception of a monarchical state about the predicament of another country with a similar form of government can tell us a lot about the public opinion of the time.