Search
Search Results
-
Analysis of Vibration During Turning Process of Different Materials
200-205Views:105In this article, we would like to introduce the problems caused by vibrations in case of polymer turning processes. Nowadays there is a lot of research in this topic, to avoid the unnecessary phenomena of vibrations. The two most common methods are the Spindle Speed Variation (SSV), and the Vibration Assisted Machining (VAM). In case of SSV, the CNC machine can increase and decrease the speed of spindle continuously during turning which can significantly reduce the effects of chatter. This method is beneficial for longer workpieces when there is not any support except the chuck. Vibration-assisted machining can be used to minimise the problems caused by vibrations. VAM combines precision machining with small-amplitude tool vibration to improve the fabrication process. It has been applied to some processes ranging from turning, drilling to grinding. Based on the enumerated above we made some trial measurements about the basic vibrations of the turning tool shank. The tests were done on an NCT EUROturn-12B CNC machine which can found in the workshop of our institute. The tested material was Polyamide 6 because this is the most commonly used polymer in the industry. In the future, we would like to test some other basic and composite polymer materials too. The equipment was served by a specialist from SPM Budapest Kft. With these tests, our goal was to make sure that the equipment and the measuring setup are suitable for our future research.
-
Presentation of Employment and Economic effects of the Covid-19 Epidemic between March and November 2020 among Companies Dealing with Car and Parts Trade in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County
80-92Views:413The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic during the spring of 2020 entailed major economic and social changes all over the world. In this study, we aim to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market and the economy with relation to the automotive industry in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County. Apart from secondary data collection, this research also relies on primary data collection methods, including self-administered questionnaires and in-depth interviews, all conducted with several employees and finance directors employed by the automotive companies present in the county. The focus of this research is to study how the pandemic affected the balance sheets and the gross revenue of these companies; how it altered the repayment obligation of their current loans and how it influenced their willingness to enter into new loan agreements or relief options offering financial assistance. Apart from these factors, this research also studies how the pandemic restrictions affected the work schedule and the benefits of the employees.
-
Defect Analysis of Bearings with Vibration Monitoring and Optical Methods
1-12Views:147Diagnosis of bearings with advanced methods gained remarkable roles in the previous years. This article focuses on the manufacturing defects and methods to reveal and classify them. During manufacturing several faults could emerge because of the grinding operation, tool wear and chatter vibration. Inproper handling of the bearing parts because of the collosion to each other and the storing box that causes deformation. To reveal these problems several methods are applied in industry. For deeper surface analysis nitric acid can be used to initate the finished surface of the roller then natrium-carbonate that nautralize the elements. Vibration analysis in its standard Fourier form is not a new achivement but other mathematical tools could be applied to condition monitoring such as wavelet transform. It is an efficient tool for analyzing the vibration signal of the bearings because it can detect the sudden changes and transient impulses in the signal caused by faults on the bearing elements. In this article five different wavelets, Daubechies, Gaussian, Coiflet, Mexican hat, Meyer are compared according to the Energy to Shannon Entropy ratio criteria to reveal their efficiency for fault detection.
-
Literature Overall of Fatigue Analysis Approaches of Vehicle Components Made of Rubber
130-140Views:144Generally, the most frequently used structural materials are metals which have high strength and stiffness. However, there are many cases when other important properties come to the front, as well as high deformation capacity with elastic behavior, high viscosity namely good damping effect. Due to its above mentioned properties, rubber is widely used in vehicle and automotive industry. Vehicle components made of rubber usually exhibit large deformations. Cyclic finite deformations generate temperature in hyperelastic materials. Furthermore it is necessary to take into consideration the effects of ambient temperature. The mechanical properties of rubber depend on temperature and temperature changes can accelerate chemical alteration processes which lead to the material deterioration and fatigue processes. Research on fatigue behavior and fatigue properties of rubber has a great significance for predicting fatigue life and improving durability of rubber products. There are several studies on the fatigue behavior of rubber-based materials, but there is less research in the fatigue life prediction considering the influence of temperature and temperature changes. First purpose of this paper is summarizing the influence of temperature and temperature changes on the fatigue behavior of rubber. The second purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the state of the art on the fatigue life prediction of rubber with primary focus on the different methods available for prediction of fatigue life under the influence of temperature and temperature changes.
-
The Impact of Electrical Vehicles on Sustainability: Jordan as a Case Study
393-403Views:173The Global concern is moving toward making a revolution in favor of exploitation of renewable energy in order to improve environment conditions, limit emissions and minimizes consumption of non-renewable resources within the planet. In this context, it is necessary to focus on the transport sector as it contributes of at least 30% of the total primary energy consumption. Therefore, a set of rules must be developed to maintain economic, environmental and social sustainability to address the problems so as not to increase their severity and these cannot be done unless there are joint measures and regulations from governments, companies, manufacturers and users. Unfortunately, the Jordanian transport system mostly depend on the individual transport which supported by cars, and that because of the weak role played by the public transport sector, especially at the capital, Amman. Buying hybrid cars (internal combustion engine + electric motor) and Electrical Vehicles (EV), in the past few years in Jordan is increasing, which is compatible with the global trend to use Electrical Vehicles (EV) instead of Internal Combustion Engine vehicles (ICE) powered by fossil fuels, this issue will have a direct and indirect impact on gas stations companies, also it will have direct impact on labor sector and the current car industry since electric charging stations as well as EV manufacturing is not labor intensive. The main purpose of the study is to show how much it is necessary now to start theoretical assumptions through studying the expected annual increase in passenger cars and its impact on sustainability and predicting the future fuel consumption and emissions and compare them with the base situation.
-
Improving the Work Breakdown Structure of the Plant Installation - Case: Asphalt Plant
174-187Views:343The improvement of the project management forced the industrial organizations to focus on using the project management techniques in their industry, to plan and control the workflow to achieve their targets, further to increase the satisfaction of their customers. One of the most common project management tools are used is the work breakdown structure (WBS), which provide a framework for the implementation of the project scope including project planning, scheduling, monitoring, control, and estimation. Depending on the top-down approach the project activities will be broken into smaller parts that can be measured and controlled during the project implementation. The well-defined construction of the structure contributes to making the project more realistic and visual. However, the misunderstanding of the project WBS among the project team creates deflection and misinterpretation of the project scope. The main issue of this research is to improve the WBS of the installation plan and develop a standard WBS for plant installation. The research was limited to Asphalt plant installation WBS as a case study to identify the weaknesses of the current WBS at the case company which leads to extra installation time and cost. The research is offering a template WBS based on the company logic, defining the frequent risks that affect the plant installation based on the WBS and suggesting a suitable response strategy by recommending a control framework to monitor and control the WBS schedule throughout all installation phases.
-
Temporal Changes of Pyrite Oxidation Rate in Bolivian Sulphidic Mining Wastes
194-202Views:78Since the 70's, when huge sulphidic open pits were developed, the acidic rock drainage (ARD) become the leader problem of the sulphidic mining industry. Although the recycling is an essential technology, it cannot cover the demand alone, thus mining activity needs to continue. Acidity in mine drainage commonly requires most of the attention, but the main problem is the caused elevated level of metal mobility and leaching, which are generated by the increased rates of sulphide weathering under acidic conditions. The Itos mine is a polymetallic vein deposit in Bolivia, had been mined for silver and tin until 1990, leaving behind much and huge tailings and mine waste heaps, where quite often the pyrite content exceeds 10 %. Serious ARD effects take place in the mine waste heaps. These processes can be well characterized with the pH 1 or 2 of the seepage water, which forms serious alteration in the waste itself and the neighbouring rocks. In three consecutive years, the pyrite oxidation rate was investigated on the same 7 samples by humidity cell test. 5-6 months pauses were left between the humidity cell test periods, which mimics the alternation of wet and dry periods, typical for the place. The results give much more information, than the oxidation rate in the individual test periods, showing the changes by time. This applied method gave good result to characterize the behaviour of the waste in long-term. The column test was complemented with mineralogical analyses, such as electron probe micro analysis. The mineralogical and column test analyses show, that the changes of the pyrite oxidation rate split the samples into three different groups, one where the oxidation rate decreases, second where it increases with time and the third where oxidation rate is maximal and stays stable for several years.
-
The Economic and Social Effects of the COVID-19 Epidemic in the European Union over the Past Year, Especially in Hungary
67-79Views:1813The apparence of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 affected all countries in the world, entailing major changes in everyday life. In our study – in a one year perspective – we summerize the socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on various economic sectors and their consequences for the European Union and Hungary. As a result of the pandemic restrictions the role of some sectors were decreasing considerably, while on the other hand the other sectors emerged and underwent a significant improvement. The growing trend of working from home, as well as the decline of the tourism, the catering service and the entertainment industry has led to a change in the behavior of the population. . Changes during the pandemic period led to an increase in wealth inequalities.Changes during the pandemic period led to anincreas in economic inequality. The transformation of consumers’ values and income situation is having an huge impact on all sectors of the national economy. When reflecting upon the current situation, the following questions arise: When will the declining businesses be able to recover? Will they be able to achieve their pre-pandemic profit level, and if yes, how long will it take them?
-
Parametric Programming Applied to the Optimal Production Structure in Determining
375-389Views:105The agricultural planning often the question arises, how the different input (fertilizer, feed, irrigation, etc) from what to use on a production (land, animals) unit basis, and to what intensity. The input transformational efficiency experiments by setting analysis and evaluation. For example examined the nutrient replenishers fertilization experiments, the effect of nutritional values of the feed on the body weight gain, milk production in animal experiments. The input input efficiency to the external environment (weather, soil conditions, unexpected events), the technology used and the biological factors both influence. The farmer must be chosen in each sector, taking into account the magnitude of these inputs and environmental requirements. The economic optimum is usually trying to approach the sectoral level, which serves as the basis for future planning data. The mathematical programming models using relatively simply and quickly determine the optimal production structure. The models provide the specific resource requirements for, and the limitations of the objective function coefficients are calculated on the basis of sectoral. This becomes a deterministic model, and we can get the appropriate sectoral analyzes outstanding results of production structures. Therefore the relationships within sectors directly incorporate mathematical programming model and corporate interests placed above the interests of the industry to determine the intensity of the sectoral inputs. in their article a fertiliser application example, we present the production structure and the plant production sector fertiliser input of a time optimization, in which the fertilizer for specified sectoral relationships appear in the model objective function.
-
Ethical Leadership, at the Beginning of a Research
188-195Views:272In this study I deal with the ethical leadership. I give an insight into the approaches of ethical leadership, give a literature review on the concept of ethical leadership, and introduce the measurement methods used in the most important empirical researches related to this topic. I also try to report on the first results of my research (I plan to describe features of Hungarian leaders based on a smaller sample). How does this relate to the challenges of Industry 4.0? I give the answer from the fact that, with the advent of these new technologies (which in themselves have ethical questions), among these new challenges, the focus of the manager's attention will continue to be partly on their employees. If they set an ethical example for their subordinates, they encourage their employees to act ethically, which gives the company a competitive edge in many ways, both in the product/service market and in the labor market too. So, with my study, I would like to draw the attention of executives and managers to the fact that new technologies and the human factor together bring new successes, and that one possible way of doing this is by consciously managing their company ethically and developing an ethical organizational culture.
-
Consumer Perception of Electric Cars in Hungary – Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Results
1-23Views:316Electric cars are becoming increasingly popular in the automotive industry and among consumers; partly as a result of their environmentally friendly characteristics. The aim of the study is to compare the main characteristics of electric and conventional cars in the context of environmental protection. In the first half of the study, we present the life cycle of electric and conventional cars and we compare the overall environmental impact traditional an electric vehicles. We point out that although the operation of an electric car does not pollute the environment locally, the manufacture, charging and disposal of batteries required for operation raises several issues related to environmental pollution. In the second part, we examine the respondents' attitudes towards electric cars based on our own questionnaire research. On the basis of the answers, it can be said that consumers still consider electric cars expensive and are aware that electric cars address some pollution issues to a small extent.
-
Development of a Small-Scale Plastic Recycling Technology and a Special Filament Product for 3D Printing
365-371Views:273In our days, the fight against pollution has become a real challenge for the state. recycling is one of the solutions that is adopted in several nations to reduce the rate of plastic discarded in nature. The amount of plastic waste has been increasing for decades contributing to the environmental pollution that is one of the most serious problem of the mankind. according to the statistics not only the household plastic waste, but the industry discharge is increasing because the utilization of plastic as a raw material is more and more extending. plastic can be found in a lot of products, huge number of bottles, plastic bags, computers, auto parts are sold every day. The current applications for using recycled plastics in fabrication and design are fairly limited, on a small scale, plastics (such as abs, HDPe1, or Pe2t) are shredded and formed into pellets, and then either extruded into lament to be used in existing 3d printers, or injection molded into small parts and pieces of larger components. at a large scale, recycled HDpE is melted into sheets and either used directly as sheets in construction, or then heat formed from a sheet into components for construction. these methods of fabrication using recycled plastics are the norm because of their straightforward processes. nevertheless, each method leaves some complexity to be desired. This paper we study the types of plastics and diagnose the pollution caused by the latter. this allowed us to design and size a recycling station of plastic into filaments for three-dimensional printers. this station which will contribute to the fight against pollution. the station consists of two machines for grinding of the plastic and the other for the extrusion of the desired filaments. we were able to make a theoretical academic study on both machines and also we designed with solidworks 2015. The theoretical study is spread of the mechanical calculations necessary to the design and validation of the structure using the tools. as the prospect of this project, we want to complete the achievement of this station while completing the crusher and extruder mechanically. then switch to electric and electronic parts (introduction of engines, sensors and wiring...). In the case of waste plastics that are recyclable and reusable. the most widely used are polyethylene terephthalate (pet, used for synthetic fibers and water bottles), and second high-density polyethylene (hdpe, used for jugs, bottle caps, water pipes).
-
Building Information Modelling: Present realities and Future possibilities
377-394Views:115BIM (Building Information Modelling), a term that is drawing the attention worldwide in the construction industry and governments, is a complex concept that involves management effort, tools and applications for enhancing information flow and therefore productivity for projects. This article pretends to briefly explain BIM, its advantages, challenges and potentialities while considering the current adoption of the concept in some countries. Furthermore, the article includes suggestions for the implementation of BIM in an organization as well as in projects and a list with some useful tools for this purpose.
-
Exhaust System Muffler Volume Optimization of Light Commercial passenger Car Using Transfer Matrix Method
132-138Views:172Nowadays, the automotive industry is focused on weight and size reduction. Main advantage of this weight and size reduction are improving the fuel economy. The specific fuel consumption of a vehicle can be improved through e.g. downsizing area of heat loss, if we focus on vehicle with weight reduction. Weight reduction can be done by replacing material or by changing the size (dimensions) of components. In the present work we have focused on Audi A6 muffler, troubleshooting and optimizing the muffler by changing pipe length of inlet and outlet, also by replacing the original mesh plate to porous pipe. Based on optimization, prototype has been built with the help of 3D design tool CATIA V5 and the calculations of transmission loss (TL) have been performed by MATLAB. Plane wave-based models such as the transfer matrix method (TMM) can offer fast initial prototype solutions for muffler designers. The principles of TMM for predicting the transmission loss of a muffler was used. Result of this present study of an existing muffler has been analysed and then compared with vehicle level test observation data. Noise level have been optimized for new muffler design. Other literatures were played significant rule for validate our results.
-
Generational Transfer Among Family Businesses on the Fields of Reputation and Organizational Culture – Research Plan
102-108Views:106Aim: The aim of this paper is to generally introduce the topic, themes and relevance of the research on which my PhD thesis will be based. The research will focus on change of generations among Hungarian family businesses and deals with changes of leadership, organizational culture and core values, related to the management/owner succession. The research needs to apply knowledge from four disciplines ‒ PR, organizational culture, economic (family businesses) and leadership ‒ so it is multidisciplinary in nature. Following a current step of the research-process will be presented.
Methodology: The Family Business Barometer results were applied for gaining information about the plans related to the future, generations, and so on of European Family Businesses. Then three Hungarian family businesses were interviewed in the frame of a panel-discussion organized by the Commercial and Industry Chamber in Győr-MosonSopron County. These three family businesses were the Borsodi Műhely, the Biotextima and the Leier.
Findings: All in all between 2013 and 2016 most of the family businesses seemed to be confident about the future. In this aspect just a few family businesses were neutral in this time period. Unfortunately, there were family businesses who had a negative attitude for the future. The deliberate and detailed planning of the handover, the selection of a determined date for handover, the determination of the older generation to really do not interfere in affairs, the cohesive role of the family, family activities, the support from the family could lead to the effective change of generations.
-
Effect of the Friction Coefficient on Clinch Joints
86-90Views:167In this study the effect of the friction coefficient on the clinch joints was examined in experimental and numerical way also. The knowledge of the frictional behaviour during the mechanical joining (i.e. clinching) is important from the point of view of resultant geometry which is related to and influence the strength of the joints, and furthermore the maximal forming force is limited by the tool’s failure load which can be reach with a non-favourable frictional condition, as well the aesthetic aspect are also has an importance in some special cases (e.g. in automotive industry).
-
The Challenges of the Labour Law and Economic in the Future Labour Market
116-130Views:705The aim of the study is to examine how the effects of globalization affect the global labor market, and how high-level automation and digitalization affect the expectations of labor market actors and the world of labor law. We analyze the legal framework and the economic and social utility of acquiring competences for new challenges in the industry. We will look in more detail at the future of the low-skilled labor force in a changing labor market as a function of acquiring new competencies. We believe that changes in the labor market and novel processes will also pose new challenges for employers and employees. Changes in the labor market raise the question of what kind of benefits an outgoing worker will receive until he or she acquires new competencies. Is the social welfare system in the current sense capable of supporting lifelong learning, or is it necessary to explore alternatives such as basic income? All this needs to be done in the light of the legal and economic scrutiny of the concepts of efficiency and economy. This is because acquiring competences for the new employee also brings new added value.
-
Sport Consumption, Fan Engagement, Sport Statistics – Post-specific Passing Characteristics in Football
Views:609Digitalization and the explosive development of technology have led to significant changes in football. Due to the increasing amount of data available through various sensors and other data collections, we can observe the rise of data-centric, analytical and statistically oriented thinking in football, which is also of interest to fans. Digitalisation is also closely linked to sports consumption, which is why we have seen significant changes in this area in recent years. The pandemic has further amplified the speed of digital transformation in the sports industry. One of the most important contents for sports organizations and their fans is the in-depth sports statistics and analysis that enhances the consumer experience. In our study, we examined the most common performance indicator in football, passing. Our goal was to examine the position-specific pass characteristics in detail, therefore we also examined different pass properties in our research. As a model for our analysis, I chose the premier league, which has the highest UEFA coefficient. The three rounds (rounds 30-32) of the championship season 2019/2020 have been recorded and analyzed in terms of passes. there was a significant difference between the average number of passes per game between defensive and offensive players (t=7,988, p<0.05). There is also a gradual decrease in the number of passes attempted per match and the accuracy of the pass in the examination of the middle positions when examining the positions in the depth of the pitch. For both pass accuracy and average pass count, the decreasing ranking corresponds to the position of positions on the pitch (order: 1, central defender 2, defensive midfielder 3, inside midfielder 4, attacking midfielder 5, striker). In the value indicator of the position for passes, offensive positions performed more effectively than defensive positions. The extreme positions also stand out among the attacking positions, where in the case of the position value per pass number, 23.3% of the total test was completed and 14% of the amount of the established position value indicators was provided by these posts. Overall, our study points to post-specific pass characteristics and, knowing this, we can state that the comparison of players' passing performance is relevant if the players are in the same or related positions.
-
Designing Aspects and Classification of Bearing Industry Box Handling Apparatus
325-334Views:92It has been an accepted tendency in the industrial practice since the last third of the 20th Century to decrease the living labour demand of the manufacturing processes. One of the main tools of it is the automation of production. In the design, the construction and the programming of the developed automata, the results of electronics, informatics and mechatronics can be used. All of the scientific fields mentioned above undergo intensive development. By the application of the results achieved in the design of the applications, the monotonous, dangerous and tiresome work not requiring expertise can be assigned to machines. In the longer run, the application of the automata is beneficial also in financial aspect, since the costs of living labour are continuously growing, while that of the mechatronic and technological devices show a rather decreasing tendency. Reliability is also an important aspect. It is well known for everyone that a well-designed and programmed automatic device performs its task without mistakes. If there is any objection or breakdown, on the basis of the currently valid safety technology rules, the machine stops, does not trigger any damage and after its repair, work can be continued.
-
Evaluation Opportunities tor Recreational Sport Services – Adapted to Higher Education Environment
150-164Views:198In our study, we analyse various researches dealing with quality aspects of sport services, and different quality models related to the interpretation of quality. The results which were obtained in the framework of primary research activity present the opinions of students from five different research universities. Sport services’ operation and sustainability are determined by market regulations, as parts of the service industry. Considering that the university leisure sports services take place in a competitive environment, the universities often have to compete with external sports service providers for achieving confidence of the young generations. For the qualitative tests, we used the QSport-14 measurement scale, which is generally applied by sports centres. This scale investigates the sports services according to three different aspects: (1) instructors, (2) infrastructural facilities and equipment and (3) offered sport programs. We have adapted the measurement scale to the university environment because of the differences and special characteristics of external sports service providers and university sports services. In addition, we analysed the factors influencing recreational sports, and we also examined that what changes would be needed in order to improve the quality of recreational sport activities in higher education.
-
The Efficiency of Intellectual Capital as a Crucial Factor of Innovation
419-428Views:231In today's global economy, there is a substantial shift from manufacturing to services, which challenges both economic policymakers, business stakeholders, owners, suppliers, competitors, and ordinary people: restructuring will encourage all economic players to learn how to adapt to new trends. That is why our research focuses on innovation and the ability of companies to create value. The IT sector is currently one of the fastest-growing and most innovative sectors within the service industry. The success of IT companies is greatly determined by their ability, how to make effective use of their intangible assets at their disposal, including intellectual capital, which is defined as a non-financial asset. So the question may arise: how is it possible to quantify and in monetary terms the intellectual capital of the companies to be examined? That is why, we calculated for the most successful Hungarian IT companies the widely recognized index, the VAICTM index, for which domestic calculations are not yet available. Indeed, this indicator eliminates the lack of information stemming from reporting standards by the methodology relying on publicly available financial reporting data. The indicator itself is a top indicator whose two main sub-indicators quantify the effectiveness of intellectual capital and physical capital.
-
Implementing Lean Leadership in Garment Industries
348-354Views:303Garment industries are one of the most competitive industries nowadays, that was the main reason why implementing lean tools became conventional between big brands, although, lean tools alone are not enough for successful lean implementation in any organization, that’s why creating lean leaders and defining what lean leadership exactly means became a necessity, in this study, we will try to draw a path in which garment manufacturers can pursue to become lean organizations taking a (Manufacturer for NIKE) as an example for the study as a heavy lean implementer closing by suggesting a 9 steps method that lean can be implemented successfully in garment industry factory.
-
CSR Reporting Practices of Hungarian Banks
70-81Views:123The disclosure of information on the exercise of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the tool most frequently used by companies to promote understanding of the social and environmental performance of an organisation and to improve relationships with stakeholders. For most of the world’s largest companies, reporting on non-financial information appears to be a continuing trend, so it is essential to present the new corporate reporting trends of the 21st century. The disclosure of socially responsible information will be analysed, with a focus on the application of the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines related to CSR. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the best-known framework for voluntary reporting of environmental and social performance by business worldwide. The main objective of the paper is to explore the corporate voluntary disclosure practices of the listed and non-listed banks in Hungary. The extent of voluntary disclosure has significantly improved for decades worldwide, but the situation is not that obvious regarding the Hungarian financial sector. This paper aims to describe the status of disclosure practices of corporate sustainability in the annual reports, sustainability reports or CSR reports of the banking industry in Hungary. Also, increased corporate visibility and financial risk increase stakeholder demand for transparency on the social impact of financial institutions and their CSR practices. Finally, the analysis and subsequent comparison of available CSR reports of banks will be presented.
-
The Possible Job Creation and Job Destructive Effects of Technological Development
53-61Views:297Throughout history, technological change has often provided the basis for employee anxiety. Between 1811 and 1816, a group of workers in England who called themselves "Luddists" destroyed machines, because they thought it would endanger their workplace. 19th-century thinkers and economists such as Karl Marx and David Ricardo predicted that mechanizing the economy would ultimately worsen workers' conditions, depriving them of a decent wage. Over the last century, John M. Keynes (1930s) and Wassily Leontief (1950s) have expressed their fears that more and more workers will be replaced by machine solutions that will lead to unemployment. In recent years, Brynjolfsson and McAfee (2014) have argued that existing technologies reduce the demand for labor and put some of the human workforce at a permanent disadvantage. However, there are a number of compensation mechanisms that can offset the initial displacement effects of automation and process innovation in general (Vivarelli, 2015). First of all, while workers are being replaced in industries that introduce new machine technology, additional workers in new industries are needed. Second, automation (and process innovation in general) reduces average costs. Acemoglu and Restrepo (2017) found that this results, on the one hand, in the effect of price productivity (“priceproductivity”) (as production costs decrease, the industry can expand and increase labor demand); and, on the other hand, it leads to economies of scale in production (the reduction in costs due to automation leads to an increase in total output and increases the demand for labor in all industries). Similarly, Vivarelli (2015) argues that lower average costs can result in lower prices (if the industry's market structure is perfectly competitive), stimulate product demand, or result in extra profits (if the industry's structure is not perfectly competitive). If these extra profits are reinvested in the company, this investment can create new jobs. The presentation intends to present these counterbalancing cases and to provide real examples based on the literature.
-
Use of IoT Tools to Support the Decision-making Process
125-141Views:208Nowadays sensor networks and other systems, based on the IoT concept demonstrate the benefits of their usage, which includes the support of the decision-making process, therefore achieving an optimal result in the context of more and more fields. In this experiment, an additional sensor network has been developed based on a modular system derived from a previous development by means of a target-specific modification of the required modules to measure environmental data in a drying chamber used in food industry. The main objectives include the development of the device, the verification of the measurements of the factory-built device, providing an interface, which is able access the measurement data and after gathering experience from the usage, further developing the system and extending the functionality of the web application. The built-in data acquisition and control system stores the data of the measurements in the form of text files, while our additional data acquisition and control system uses a unified measurement database to store the data. According to the structure, a task-specific application has been developed in order to unify the two sources. Analysis of collected data was performed after running the ETL (extract, transform, load) algorithm converting the transaction-oriented database. The experiment shows so far the benefits of the multi-point measurements by a significant difference between the measured values, so we certainly consider further developments.
