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Policy Gaps and Health Risks: Addressing Women’s Indoor Air Pollution Exposure in Pakistan
109-121Views:175Indoor air pollution currently poses a significant challenge, adversely impacting both the physical and mental health of women. The substantial use of fossil fuels for domestic chores endangers women's health and exposes them to considerable risks. In this regard, this study elucidates the factors driving the use of fossil fuels in domestic kitchens in Pakistan. The association between primary indicators such as women's health, duration of women’s current pregnancy, and pregnancy status with household air pollution is analyzed. We use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression in Stata, and the results indicate that the type of cooking fuel significantly affects women's health. Furthermore, indoor cooking also negatively influences the duration of pregnancy. Based on these results, the paper provides practical policy recommendations for governments and policymakers to mitigate health risks. This study is instrumental in analyzing the current state of household air pollution, offering a robust model for countries heavily reliant on fossil fuels, and examining the consequent health impacts on women.
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Development of engineering and innovation skills
364-369Views:274Spatial visualization skills have an important role in teaching and learning of engineering studies. Many studies have shown that there are correlations between various measures of spatial skills and performance in particular Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Many engineering students have problems with solving mathematics problems, using mathematical models in practice, imagining a spatial figure and therefore to solve the spatial geometry exercises, so development of these abilities is very important. We have developed special tools and worksheets for development of engineering and innovation skills.
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Material Stock and Flow Analysis within the Agricultural Building Sector Based on Local Database
297-320Views:308The purpose of the paper is to analyze on micro level the stream of building materials needed for raising cattle. The scope of the produced material flow chart will cover the inflow and storage of the materials. The overall objective of material flow analysis is to contribute to the data inventory development process which is needed to use these construction materials as secondary raw materials in the future. The assessment is based on a concrete new development in a Hungarian region being carried out nowadays as a development and modernization of an existing cattle raising farm. Driven by the concern of resource depletion, further research on higher level, based on larger database will be needed to verify the estimated national level results for the magnitude of growth of anthropogenic stocks.
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Role of Grants for Tourism Purposes in Development of the Northern Great Plain Region
365-376Views:374Aim of the treatise is, based on main macroeconomic indicators, to present the development of the Northern Great Plain region and the amount of EU grants received, including the ones for tourism purposes, as well as to examine the effects of grants. Based on the data, it can be concluded the region received significant grants during the years 2007-2013; it is in last place in view of the economic development but has achieved better performance in several areas. It is difficult to examine the accommodation and food service national economic sector independently: in one respect, it develops by the combined impact of several other areas, on the other hand, the tourism-related developments become usable for other sectors as well, new enterprises and investments are launched, at the same time, not only the companies’ but the municipalities’ revenues from tourism are increasing. Based on the statistical data, attention will be drawn to the fact that the outcome of developments is just moderate in the area of catering and tourism in the region and has a different rate by county.
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Component Development Using Topological Methods
54-62Views:276The article aims to briefly summarize the design aids which can be used nowadays, such as topology optimization and generative design, which are common in integrated CAD systems. A case study is used to present the results and comparisons provided by the previously mentioned methods.
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Proposition of Enhancing the Significance of Green Infrastructure in the Smart City Concept
1-22Views:428The aim of the paper is -in accordance with the goals of the research team called „ Sustainable Integrated Settlement And Regional Planning” within the project EFOP-3.6.1-16 – to compile a comprehensive expert material on smart city. In accordance with my personal assignments within the teamwork, I studied first of all how sustainable urban water management issues are managed in the corresponding smart city documents, how the smart city concept which is evidently one possible way of sustainable urban development involves the strategy of sustainable stormwater management along with the elements of green infrastructure which are the inevitable segment thereof. The basis of the study were Hungarian official methodological guides and one university textbook published so far in the topic. Contrarily to the expected results the two notions of smart city and sustainable urban water management are not harmonized despite their common overall goals. Therefore I make a few suggestions in order to harmonize to some extent the criteria and indicators developed for the two notions - smart city and sustainable urban water management including green infrastructure - promoting sustainable cities. The overall goal is to ensure that green infrastructure is not neglected while smart cities are realized.
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Diagnostic Model for Supporting the Development of Health-conscious Organizational Behavior
1-18Views:494In the 21st century more and more countries of the world take the attitude that human health is not just an issue for healthcare services but for all major areas of life. Such an area for employees is the workplace. Protection of employee health and safety has for a long time been a non-transferable (objective) obligation and responsibility for employers in Europe. Connections between health and the workplace have however extended far beyond the traditional aspect of safety and health at work. Developing a health-conscious organisational behaviour means a challenge for many Hungarian companies; the model described in this study assists them in both diagnosing their current situation and choosing the appropriate course, method and tools for development.
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The Role of Quality 4.0 in Business Process Management: a Bibliometric Study
37-56Views:294Quality 4.0 builds on the principles of Industry 4.0 to improve quality management. Integrating Quality 4.0 into Business Process Management (BPM) examines how digital technologies enhance process efficiency and innovation. The main research question is how Quality 4.0 can be aligned with existing BPM frameworks and how the digital transformation of traditional quality management techniques facilitates efficiency. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database, employing keyword analysis, link mining techniques, and network mapping to identify research trends and gaps. The results show the main directions of research on integrating Quality 4.0 and BPM and highlight implementation barriers such as organizational resistance and the need for strategic alignment. The study also suggests directions for future investigation, including the development of standardized frameworks for evaluating digital BPM outcomes and exploring emerging debates around human-centric, sustainable, and resilient approaches reflected in Industry 5.0 and Quality 5.0.
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Analysis of Henbuk Startup Value Using a Scorecard Assessment Method
1-12Views:443This study aims to determine the valuation value of Henbuk's startup by conducting qualitative and quantitative analyses. Henbuk is a startup engaged in e-commerce. The Henbuk startup is currently in the initial funding stage, and the founders are opening opportunities for investors, which can later support operational and development activities. In obtaining funding from investors, the Henbuk startup requires an initial assessment of the company's value. The score assessment consists of several indicators, e.g., quality of the founder and team, opportunity size, product and technology, competition, marketing, sales and partnerships, and the need for additional investment. The results of the value assessment are obtained by using the Scorecard Assessment Method. The results of this study may help to determine the real value of other start-ups for the investors in the future.
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The Relationship Between Renewable Energy Consumption, Net Energy Import, Greenhouse Gas Emission and Human Cap
58-71Views:359The measures to improve energy efficiency and increase of renewable energy production and consumption should be encouraged in the interest of sustainable development. Many factors can influence the use of renewable energy such as the level of economic development of an economy, nationals’ and the main economic actors’ environmental awareness, energy import dependency, ratio of the urban population, and government subsidization intensity among the others. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the share of renewable energy in the total energy consumption and net energy import as a percentage of energy use less production, greenhouse gas emission per capita and human capital using by OECD countries data from 1990 to 2014. The results indicate that there is a negative relationship between net energy import and renewable energy consumption, and also negative relationship can be shown between the amount of greenhouse gas emission per capita and renewable energy consumption. However, we identified a positive relationship between human capital and renewable energy consumption for energy importer countries above a certain level of human capital.
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Operational Feasibility Assessment of Geothermal Heat Harnessing Systems
46-53Views:371Renewable energy sources are now essential to establish sustainable development. This paper examines one kind of source the geothermal energy. For geothermal energy when combined with a heat pump COP can be used for evaluation. For solely geothermal sources different approach is needed thus in the paper, a new geothermal heat production coefficient is used to examine the operational feasibility. For the assessment, many hypothetical buildings were created to model their heat demands. Two types of calculation methods are used for heat demand calculation. Based on the results, the maximum depth of a geothermal borehole and economically critical qualitative coefficient was concluded.
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Artificial Intelligence Possibilities in Vehicle Industry
148-154Views:492There have been several attempts during the last decades to extend the ranges of application of artificial intelligence. The aim of the development for AI is to replace human intelligence and experience. The ultimate aim for machines and vehicles is to run much more efficiently and with higher reliability than ever before. The Artificial Techniques (AI) used a wide range of expert systems to optimize problems. Hybrid intelligent management systems have become increasingly influential in artificial intelligence during the last decades. As a result, maintenance and fleet management systems have undergone significant development. By choosing adequate maintenance or operating strategy and taking user behaviour into consideration, these systems can not only increase the reliability and efficiency of vehicles but can also result in financial savings. The paper tries to discusses the applications of AI techniques in predictive maintenance and vehicle industry.
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An Exploratory Study on the Level of Trust Among Hungarian Food Manufacturer Companies
277-288Views:442The intensification of globalized economic competition is playing an increasingly important role in the lives of companies to determine their true position among their competitors. Food companies are of paramount importance because of their role and weight in the national economy. In Hungary, the food industry plays an important social and economic role and is a world leader in terms of employment and value added. Currently, there are nearly 1100 active food companies in Hungary, so it is worth examining the peculiarities of the role of trust between companies.
There are often contradictory statements in the literature about the effects of Industry 4.0 technologies and the trust placed in IT tools. Therefore, it is a relevant research question to examine whether the characteristics of the role of trust - e.g. staff, suppliers, IT tools and technologies, etc. as confidence levels can have a direct positive impact on the efficiency, profits, liquidity, etc. of the companies in question. development.
During the research, I analyzed the level of trust between the food trading companies, in which I discuss the trust within the industry within the company. My aim is to further enrich my previous research knowledge in this field.
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Requirements for Multicultural Competencies Defined by a Focus Group
44-56Views:398Globalization, the spread of multinational companies and the enormous development of information technology can lead to a new trend in employers’ requirements. However, being employed by an international company is a real possibility for any employee in any part of the world. Even if they do not have to work abroad, employees may have to function in a multinational environment in their home countries. A favourable combination of intercultural competencies is a key factor in the selection and development of employees. A possible way of measuring these competencies can be the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire (MPQ). First of all,on the employers’ part, it is important to clarify the exact requirements and competencies (dimensions) to be able to draw up an ‘ideal profile’. We prepared two versions of the MPQ (91-item; 5-dimensional) and used them to test employers’ requirements in the selection process regarding the dimensions of cultural empathy, open-mindedness, social initiative, emotional stability and flexibility. This study describes the results of a focus group interview, which took place in 2017, revealing the importance of multicultural competencies from the employers’ point of view and examining the conditions of the adaptability of the two questionnaires. We used the focus group method to find out in what conditions the questionnaires canbe used in a selection process. What possibilities and limits are therefor using the direct five-dimensional questionnaire? What aspects do we need to take into consideration in expressing and interpreting the requirements in the results of the test?
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How Should We Develop the Careers of Our Employees? Organizational Career Management Tools in Focus
1-13Views:677We can observe more and more often that people change their jobs frequently. They work for more employers during their life. The question may arise that organizations should care about the career management of their workers? Certain surveys which investigate the reasons of job changes can disprove it. One of the most common causes is that employees cannot see their career opportunities at the company. The organizations should not necessarily use complex career development systems it may also be appropriate, if they use only some techniques consciously. The study shows the career management tools used by the organizations examined in the survey. The authors demonstrate that there is a provable relation between organizational performance and career development methods. Furthermore they describethe techniques applied by the successful organizations.
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Advancing Sustainable Waste Management through National Recycling Rate under SDG 12.5.1
61-72Views:561Solid waste management remains a pressing environmental challenge in both developed and developing nations. Recycling has been promoted globally as a key pathway to sustainability, yet recycling rates often provide only a partial picture of performance. In many contexts, challenges such as poorly regulated recycling policies, informal sector dominance, and practices that prioritize profit over environmental sustainability limit progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12.5.1, which tracks the national recycling rate. This study investigates the extent to which recycling rates reflect sustainable waste management and identifies the underlying factors that influence their effectiveness. The major objective of this study is to evaluate recycling rates as an indicator of sustainable waste management. This is further specified by: (i) examining recycling practices in selected countries (Germany, South Korea, USA, Brazil, and India), (ii) identifying key drivers and barriers that influence recycling performance, and (iii) assessing the implications of recycling rates for sustainable waste management systems. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining secondary data analysis, comparative country assessment, and policy review. Results show that recycling rates are useful but insufficient as a stand-alone measure of sustainability, since they are influenced by broader elements such as policy enforcement, economic incentives, public participation, and market structures. The findings highlight that Nigeria’s recycling rate remains significantly low compared to leading economies, underscoring the need for integrated waste management reforms. This research contributes to environmental management discourse by demonstrating that while recycling rates provide a benchmark for SDG 12.5.1 monitoring, they must be interpreted alongside contextual drivers to ensure meaningful progress towards sustainable waste management.
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Development possibilities of Environmental Engineering Education – SWOT analysis
75-80Views:351Nowadays we are struggling with many environmental issues that require up-to-date environmental specialists. Amongst the causes of environmental problems, long-standing industrial companies are dominant, for which, on the one hand, the assessment and elimination of existing environmental damage and prevention can be the goal. Universities would be able to provide the necessary knowledge and skills with appropriate educational and research programs. In the research we carried out a comprehensive study of environmental engineering education programs of Hungarian higher education institutions. We analysed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the various educational programs. In addition, on the basis of the analysis we made suggestions on the possible directions of the development of the environmental engineering training.
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Food Industry 4.0 Readiness in Hungary
1-12Views:544In terms of production value, the food industry is the third-largest in Hungary, the first in Hungary in terms of the number of employees, and the first in Europe in the processing industry, as well as a significant user of resources. The research examined the state of art of digitalization readiness, focusing on I4.0 technologies, which supports the management to operate more efficiently the enterprise and to make better decisions. So the focus was on integrated enterprise information systems, management support systems, business intelligence systems, industry 4.0 technologies, and issues related to their application. The analysis based on an online questionnaire survey the request sent to 4.600 enterprises, the response rate was 5% which was representative of the branches of production, covered the Hungarian food and beverage manufacturing sectors in 2019. The companies were asked the most critical technologies in development, going towards Industry 4.0. The research tools were LimeSurvey, Mailing List Server, Excel, Power BI (Desktop, Publishing Server to distribute the results). The used analysing methods were making calculations, pivot tables, models, dasboards. We found that a significant portion of businesses, 78 %, use mobile devices in the manufacturing process. The three most relevant digital technologies are geolocating (GPS, GNSS), cloud computing, and sensor technology. The current level of digitalization and integration cannot be said to be high, but respondents are very optimistic about expectations. Improvements are expected in all areas in the next 2-3 years in terms of digitalisation and integration. Vertical integration involves, first and foremost, cooperation with partners in the supply chain. Horizontal integration means close, real-time connectivity and collaboration within the company. Unfortunately, between 6% and 15% of SMEs (approximately 9% on average) and large enterprises, 36% have a digital strategy. According to the survey, the sector needs significant improvement and creating a digitalization strategy.
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An Overview of the Situation of SMEs in Hungary in Catching up to Industry 4.0
72-80Views:405Since I have been working I have been in contact with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large companies in various ways. I have thus been confronted with the disadvantages of the former in terms of the introduction and use of 4IF technologies. Yet most of them are aware that to remain competitive in the market, they cannot avoid digitising their operational processes to some extent. I have also found that this mainly depends on the characteristics of the organisation; for example, its orientation. Domestic SMEs are therefore currently at a competitive disadvantage in the market. However, there is no information on whether there is a trend towards development and where they themselves should develop. This would help them to develop the right, achievable vision for the future, coupled with a feasible business strategy.
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Vocational Teacher Training –Modeling, Professional Vocabulary Development, Connecting Subjects
61-71Views:311Vocational Teacher Training Programmes provide teachers of Vocational Education and Training schools. University of Debrecen Faculty of Engineering offers Vocational Teacher Training in five specializations, in form of cooperative training. The company specialists participating in the training teach prospective vocational teachers with modern professional knowledge. The aim of this article is to summarize the pedagogical experiences of the prospective vocational teachers, based on the content analysis of their lesson plans. The investigation focuses on prospective vocational teachers’ examples of modeling, professional vocabulary development and connections between subjects from their practical pedagogical training in Vocational Education and Training schools.
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Applying New Innovative Market Research Methods in the Innovation Process of New Products
56-69Views:410The innovation environment has changed a lot in the recent years, companies and their enterprises concentrating on product- and process innovation have undergone a lot of changes. According to GUPTA et al. (1986) product innovation is a multidisciplinary process. Although, all functional interfaces are important in the product development process, the research and development – marketing interface is one of the most difficult one. In the last two decades the incredibly fast penetration of the internet has more and more effects on the consumer attitudes. It encourages market researchers to apply such methods by which they could get as close as to the consumers to know their attitudes without taking them out of their natural habitat. In this study our aim is to concentrate on the first phase of the product innovation, which is the exploration of insights and attitudes. In this phase we can use the classical, conventional market research techniques if we want to get primary data, such as focus group interviews, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, but there are new methods as well. One of such novel methods is netnography. The biggest advantage of this research method is that the researcher can observe the consumer groups’ state of mind and decision-making mechanisms through publicly available communication sources in their natural environment. In this study it will be analysed how the directions of netnographic researches have changed by the dynamic changes of the internet. Besides, online participants’ attitudes towards healthconscious nutrition are analysed in practice. As a result of this study, special groups could be identified, which can provide a new perspective for the companies operating in this field beside the classical segmentation techniques. These groups can be the ones which draw up latent market requirements, and thus, helping the companies’ innovation processes.
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Effects of Surface Grinding Parameters on the Apparent Elastic Modulus of AA7075 Thin Plate
1-20Views:35Aluminum 7075 (AA7075) thin plates are used extensively in the marine industry, especially for the manufacture of skin panels for hydrofoils. Although surface grinding is a finishing process for AA7075 thin plates, the extent of the influence of grinding parameters on the apparent elastic modulus is not well understood. This study statistically evaluates the influence of surface grinding parameters on the apparent elastic modulus of AA7075 thin plates. Samples of AA7075 thin plates were ground with respect to an experimental design, and their apparent elastic modulus was measured from the DI-CP/V2 Servo-hydraulic testing machine. It was found that the feed has the highest standardized effect (7.0) on the apparent elastic modulus (9.84–32.81 GPa), followed by table speed (5.8) and grinding depth (5.5). The two-way interactions were significant except for the table speed-grinding depth interaction. The regression model shows a close match to the experimental data as indicated by the low standard error (S = 2.14), large coefficient of determination (R2 = 82.51%), and high adjusted coefficient of determination (R2 adj = 73.52%), which means that the chosen factors and interactions can be used to explain the large percentage of the variability of the apparent elastic modulus. The optimal grinding parameters were found at high table speed (50 spm), high feed (5 mm), and high grinding depth (1 mm).
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The Impact of a Coronavirus Epidemic on China’s Public Debt Ratio Growth
151-159Views:444Public opinion in the economic profession is strongly preoccupied with the expected negative economic effects of the coronavirus epidemic. Among the consequences, special attention is paid to the increase in the gross debt of the states. Indeed, based on conventional economic knowledge, it is clear to everyone that the economic downturn and the increase in government sector expenditure will directly lead to a sharp rise in government debt. The study aims to predict an increase in China’s government debt ratio using a macroeconomic model. The study will quantify the rate of increase in China’s public debt based on four theoretically possible scenarios for the course of the coronavirus epidemic. I am aware that it is difficult to apply conventional economic knowledge to China’s state-capitalist system. This is explained by the fact that the theories of the socialist economic model do not apply to China either. At the same time, the functioning of China's economy is closer to that of market-based economies, but the country's structure as a whole cannot be integrated into this framework either. But models describing the economic development of developing national economies cannot be applied to the country either. Nonetheless, I attempt to use conventional economic economics to attempt to quantify the impact of the coronavirus epidemic on China’s sovereign debt ratio. China’s public debt growth rates calculated under different outbreak scenarios are different, but none show an increase that would call into question the financing of China’s public debt.
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Importance of quality indicators in the healthcare – in case of musculoskeletal rehabilitation –
1-11Views:318Nowadays the term of management is so popular. It has an essential role in the professional life, moreover in the every day life too. Creating and using the quality indicators (one of the qualiy management tools) contribute to the improvement of the operation of the healthcare system and to the development of the quality of healthcare services. The aim of the paper is to define service quality and its dimensions in healthcare and to highlight the role of quality indicators. The research calls attention to the absence of indicators measuring the different aspects of quality directly, the difficulties of measuring service quality and the need of establishment of more specific measures in healthcare. A special area of healthcare, there habilitation of musculo skeletal diseases will be discussed. As a research my approach is to define all the indicators that are already used in this area of the healthcare. This examination is extremely important because one of the most commonailments are the musculo skeletal diseases and their number is just increasing.The paper is mostly descriptiv and follows analitical methods based on the international and Hungarian professional studies, informations. To access databases I was helped by the OSAP (National Statistical Data CollectionProgramme). Besides the importance of quality indicators the research calls for the need for more specific measures. On the other hand, the value of the paper lies in collecting the problems, defaults and improving areas of a specific healthcare field.
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Adapting Open Innovation Model in Supplier Qualification Programs
155-167Views:509The development of innovative models fundamentally contribute to the changing the way of thinking in business context. Today, in this process, the impact of open innovation model is a kind of paradigm shift. The contents of this change has been mostly clear in the field of context of product-, innovation and technology, but not onm the field of organizational and management innovations. In this study, we sought to answer that in the case of knowledge transfer’s special field –the programs of suppliers - how to apply the principles of open innovation and how this may have positive effects. The motivation behind, was to look for commonly used models for the SME sector, that is fundamentally linked to large enterprises as suppliers, characterized by increasingly rapid technological development ecosystem to collaborate.
