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• A magyarországi szociálismunka-kutatások néhány kontextusban

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  524

  In their study authors are seeking answer to the question whether social work research in Hungary can be characterised by scientifical and/or practical orientation and accordingly what its role in is maintaining the gap in the profession between theory and practice. The paper examines Hungarian social work research in a quasi-systematic review, for which theoretical backgrounds are views regarding social work practice research and social work knowledges, explored in previous papers of the same authors. The empirical base of the review is an analysis of the essays published in the two-volume collection ’Tudományos gondolkodás és kutatás szerepe a szociális munkában’ (translate as ’Role of scientifical thinking and research in social work’) being an adequate representation of recent Hungarian research on social work.  The review indicates that Hungarian research on social work can be placed on a continuum ranging from theoretical to practical approach, although research involving practitioner-researchers, or examining and developing the practical knowledge are not typical features of it.

• Tinédzserkori gyermekvállalás és iskolai lemorzsolódás – Egy fiatalokkal végzett részvételi akciókutatás módszertani tapasztalatai

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  288

  The study presents the experience of a youth participatory action research (YPAR) that was conducted in the summer of 2020 by the research group of 11 researchers: 10, 13–24-year-old Roma youngsters and 1 facilitator. The topics of the research were teenage childbearing and school dropout, but the study focuses on the experiences of the concrete methods used during the research and the methodological and ethical considerations of YPAR. The main methods of participatory action research were online survey, as well as group and individual interviews. Each phase of the research was designed and carried out with the involvement of young researchers. Research demonstrates that the involvement and participation of youth should become part of the way how we think about them, the programs targeting them and for this we need to know their experiences, insights, emotions, fears and desires. Programs should respond in a meaningful way to the specific, local opportunities for secondary education, career opportunities, labour market circumstances and opportunities, and the emotional difficulties of primary and secondary school years.

• Házi segítségnyújtás iránti igények időbeliségének mérése

  Sándor Meleg

  Zsuzsanna Ládonyi

  Views:

  425

  The aim of the research is to map out the temporal distribution of demands for home care services with special attention to the time periods outside normal service hours (on weekdays, from 8 to 16). It also describes the factors influencing demand and identifies the types of demand typical of the hours outside working time.

  The research has been carried out on a sample of 103 individuals, all clients of a social care institution, by way of voluntary and anonymous questionnaires. The questionnaires have been analysed along five research questions and seven hypotheses. Demands for home care clearly varied with regard to temporal distribution (daily and weekly patterns), and the research could also specify the types of activity requested. Based on this data we can clearly identify the need for services outside general service hours. The hypothesised background factors influencing the demand for care services have not proven to affect the use of service significantly; more research is needed in this field.

• Szempontok egy élettörténeti interjúkra épülő kutatás kapcsán az idősödés tranzitív változásainak tanulmányozásához

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  142

  In this study the authors give a summary about the methodical considerations which are connected their research topic of „Transitive Changes on the Road of Aging”. This study is a part of the disseminations, which give presentations about the stages of this research program, following the process of inquire with the emerging questions and problems searching for the direction of discovery named by qualitative research.

• A rizikómagatartás mintázatai a Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megyei gyermekvédelmi szakellátásban élő fiatalok körében

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  316

  The research to reveal the drug use habits of children and young people living in the social periphery was conducted in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County in 2017. The target group of the research included 14–25-year-old young people living in slums and in child-protection service.
  The aim of the study was to reveal the drug use habits and the risk behaviours of children and adolescents living in the periphery of the society. The study tries to find explanations to the risk factors of drug consumption of young people living in child-protection.
  The characteristics of anomie in the target population is used to study the effects of drug consumption. The paper looks for answers to resilience from the available data and additionally it highlights the protective and risk factors that influence the development of substance use in the target group.
  The results and conclusions from this research coupled with related international and Hungarian research are presented in this study.

• A szociális szakemberek digitális technológia és közösségi média használata

  Anikó Panna Tóth

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  542

  The study presents the results of research on the use of digital technology and social media by social professionals. The research was carried out using a quantitative method, 337 social professionals filled out the questionnaire. I examined the attitudes and needs of social professionals, IT proficiency, digital literacy, characteristics of social media use, with reference to online contact with clients and conscious media use. According to the results, the attitudes of social professionals are positive about the use of technology. Online contact with clients is very common, however, most institutions do not have any recommendations or regulations in this regard. 7 out of 10 respondents never participated in IT, digital competence development training and most of them consider that they did not receive adequate training in the use of info communication technologies during their studies. They see a need to support the procurement of new tools and programs and they would need guidelines, recommendations on the use of technology and social media. The study concludes with a summary of the research results and the formulation of development proposals.

• Kutassunk együtt – A kutatási gyakorlat és a kutatótáborok szerepe a szociális munka oktatásában

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  125

  Rethinking the relation of theory and practice is in the focus nowadays regarding social studies. Define the ideal rate of practice in study programs is not easy, just as to determine those competencies and knowledge that able to reply to the differing needs of the labor market. The need-to-know basis which defines directly the tools of a practicing social worker is changing steadily by the societal- and economic transformation. Accordingly to this phenomenon, raise awareness relating to the learning process, innovative tools for both informal and formal (extra-)curricular trainings have become important features of education. In this learning environment, students are able to focus on better knowledge, understanding, and traceability of their individual growth.  Moreover, innovative methods create an opportunity to develop values, attitudes, and professionalism. Organizing and implementing research-camps, where students can deepen their knowledge of social research methods, is perfectly fits this approach. We have to see that learning is not an activity we can define precisely, rather something complex, strongly determined by the situation, as different people learn differently, indeed, the same person has different ways to get the knowledge in different situations. This is particularly true for research-camps where the specific learning environment has catalyzing role in transforming procedural knowledge. One advantage of procedural knowledge is that it can involve more senses, such as hands-on experience, practice at solving problems, understanding of the limitations of a specific solution, etc. Camping is an outstanding and effective stage in social learning as well. Experience as usable knowledge in subsequent situations may remain by reflecting on solving problems and experiences. (Gruber & Garabás, 2018) In the practice of the Department of Community and Social Studies (University of Pécs) students participate in research planning and implementing from the setting of targets through data collection and processing till publishing results. Studied phenomenons, processes, and correlations are often the proofs of the complexity of society for those with significantly different socio-economic backgrounds. The community-shaping effect is another crucial aspect in the integration of research-camps into our curriculum. The decreasing number of full-time students and the fact that most of them are employees (self-supporters) affect the quantity and the quality of community activities. Research-camps, besides deepening and exploiting knowledge, create opportunities for collaboration and savoring mutual experiences.

• Kulcspontok a külföldön dolgozó prostituáltak kapcsolataiban

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  392

  Our research focused on Hungarian women working as prostitutes in Switzerland. We came in contact with younger and active age women who worked as legal sexworkers in Zurich and Basel. We modified the ISEL test (Cohen és Hoberman 1983) and we used it in our research work. We called it street work ISEL test. It includes 20 items supplemented with data about personal social networks.
  We have determined that the driving force of prostitution is basically livelihood. In many cases this is the base of choice of becoming sexworkers. However, we found the signs of vulnerability and exploitation which proved to be more significant abroad than in women’s home environments. Four groups can be distinguished in prostitutes’ social space that seems to affect women’s vulnerability in different ways. These groups are family and friends; husband (life partner) and his family; beneficiaries of prostitution; social workers and official professionals (police).
  Based on our experience social workers and volunteers can use street work ISEL test and the matrix of social space (Street work-ISEL display) in street work for collecting information about individuals and about the target group of social work.

• Felzárkózási célú Európai Uniós projektek problématérképe

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  161

  The topic was the problem map of the projects for catch-up in the 2014-2020 period, based on the literature related to segregation phenomena, the analysis of related documents and interviews with social workers working in the field.

  The main problem areas that emerged during the research were: the use of concepts related to segregation, the delimitation and selection of segregation, and the various difficulties of project format implementation. Further, detailed research on the phenomena would be important, the phenomena related to segregation can be considered an important social problem for decades and understanding the difficulties can be a key element of successful interventions.

• A szociális vezetők értékei: Értékek, jellemzők, tulajdonságok – a szociális szolgáltatásokban dolgozó intézményvezetők választásai alapján

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  402

  Within the framework of educational activities in the Social Services Leadership Knowledge Center of the Semmelweis University, this research is based on our work dealing with the organizational and managerial issues of social services. This study describes how current leaders think about an optimally functioning social system including desired operational frameworks, characteristics, and properties. Based on the value choices and critical remarks made by the heads of social institutions participating in the leadership training, we describe the operating characteristics of the Hungarian social system. We present theoretical frameworks, which support the interpretation of the current situation and future-oriented vision of leaders in the field of social services. With no research and previous data in this field, our study is the first to present shared conceptual and value frameworks for those working as managers in the Hungarian social services. To interpret our results, findings of previous surveys in other service areas might be helpful, which, due to the specifics of the social services sector, represent only a limited opportunity to capture innovation in the field. We also present the characteristics of the “good social leader” using data from free-text questions.

• A kritikai pedagógia és a szociális munka kapcsolata: pedagógia a szociális munkában szakemberek nézőpontjain keresztül

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  122

  This paper is trying to enlighten the interrelations between pedagogy and social work practice through lenses of professionals and by analysing similar courses of development and professionalization of these two disciplines. My question in this small research basically was how social workers do and educators think about similarities and differences of the two disciplines in practice and in theory as well. Do social workers identify pedagogical situations, which include a process of learning in their social work praxis? If they identify situations when they are participants in a learning process with the service users do they apply educating methods and techniques? Do social workers apply pedagogical methods and skills in their praxis consciously?
  From my point of view the process of empowerment is also a learning process of ourselves and our environment therefore I think social workers would need to facilitate these learning situations to make empowerment happen thus I also think they might need to know of different theories of learning, importance of feedbacks, terms of educational psychology, different learning styles. Based on these thoughts it occurred to me to examine what professionals think about the connection between pedagogy and social work? I was also curious of if social workers can apply a perspective on their professional practise that includes learning situations and educational work as well? Or do they perceive educational work’s and social work’s theories and practises really differently?
  In my research I have done a focal group interview with social workers and educators where we used different approaches on cases from social work practise and try to identify learning situations. In this paper I am using the person-centered approaches of pedagogy and the theory of critical education because I think that is where an overlapping can be found between the objectives of reform education theories and social work.

• A Szociális Munkás Empowerment Skála magyar változatának validálása

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  460

  In our study, we present the development of the Hungarian version of the Social Worker Empowerment Scale, the validation process of the Hungarian instrument, and the most important results of empirical data collection on the validity of the scale, mainly based on reliability studies. The scale is designed to measure the empowerment level of practitioners. Our research has convincingly demonstrated that the Hungarian version of the scale is valid, works well, and is suitable for use in domestic research.

• „Itt ezek a kis házikók az intézetet szimbolizálják” Történetek egy gyermekotthon lakóiról – a tetoválások tükrében

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  306

  In our days tattoos have spread widely, so we cannot consider them as manifestations of deviant behaviour. Nowadays this form of body modification is known to be a tool of self-expression by the literature. But from the tattoos seen in orphanages, the question arises in me whether these body modifications are on the first place to express themselves. Besides answering this question my main aim is to discover the motivation of having a tattoo and its motifs and introduce how these pictures on the skin can be a map to gain knowledge about the world of orphanages.

  My qualitative research based on interviews and participant observation has taken place in an orphanage. I would like to reveal and note the detailed features of this culture. In my essay I would like to pay particular attention to tattoos. For this I asked questions from 19 youngsters and 6 other informants with the help of structured interviews.

• A közösségi részvétel komplexitása: szakmai szempontok a közösség meghatározására és bevonására

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  174

  This paper compares the perspectives of six professions -social workers, lawyers, nurses, physicians, psychologists, and public health professionals- on ways to improve the health and social conditions of a prototypical low-income urban community. It examines how the cohort defined and deliberated on the process of involving “the community” in addressing issues facing a hypothetical neighborhood, even when the question was not part of the research guidelines. A framework for constituency participation emerged from the data and was further developed to include 5 components: “who, why, when, ways and what level.” The type, level, and meaning of community was complex and multi-faceted, raising critical questions about professional-community relationships and the role of community development practitioners. Ultimately, community participation was identified as both difficult and transformative at the same time. Attention by community practitioners to the “five Ws framework for constituency participation” may maximize positive outcomes for collaboration between professionals and community.

• Szociális munka virtuális térben

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  223

  The current health crisis we are experiencing because of Covid-19 pandemic has put social worker schools in a new, unexpected position. How can a practice-based training program be organized during a ‘lockdown’ period? How practical skills can be acquired if contact with field teachers, social services and target groups is limited? Assuming that the world will not be the same after the pandemic and that higher education institutions and systems will not be the same after the crisis, we believe that it is time to rethink the forms of work in the training of social workers and to develop practical techniques that suit better the digital generation of 21st century. In order to learn about innovations and good practices arising from the situation, we organized a focus group interview with 15 field teachers. In the course of our research, we sought to answer the questions: What new forms of practical training have been developed? What are the benefits of the online education? What would the field teachers keep from the currently experimented forms of work in the post-crisis period? The first results of our research prove that, contrary to expectations, the world has not narrowed but expanded as a result of the restrictions. With the intensive use of digital tools and forms of work, remote locations and target groups have become available, special knowledge elements have become involved in training, and new opportunities for the development of personal skills have opened in the social worker training. The crisis situation had a particularly positive effect on the emergence of training innovations.

• A Szociális Munka Énhatékonyság Skála magyar változatának reliabilitás vizsgálata

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  116

  In our study, we present the development of the Hungarian version of the Social Work Self-Efficacy Scale, the validation process of the Hungarian instrument, and the most important results of empirical data collection on the validity of the scale, mainly based on reliability studies. The scale is designed to measure the self-efficacy level of social worker students. Our research has convincingly demonstrated that the Hungarian version of the scale is valid, works well, and is suitable for use in domestic research.

• A tranzitív változások integratív megközelítése a gerontológia kulcskoncepciói mentén

  Lajos Szabó

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  883

  This study connecting to the research for inquiry of the hazard about the demographical changes in the society, put the question, that the arriving the big demographical wave of the generation who was born between 1946 and 1964 particularly during the „Ratkó period” of the fifties to the old age, which kind of difficulties comes up in the care system for the older people because of the demographical hazards. According to the starting point of our hypothesis the adverse health conditions and psychosocial problems underlines the importance of the prevention, while the programmes of the primer prevention in the Hungarian care system proves insufficient, and the secondary prevention is unsettled. In the focus of our research programme are the theoretical, methodological questions, and questions about the possibilities of the development of the social service system for the secondary prevention on the field of the elder care. Considering the complexity of this subject, in this study we try to take out of the topic of theoretical background of the transitive changes of aging in scope of „desk-based research” for develop a new conceptual framework of the transitive changes in integrative approach based on key-concepts on modern gerontology.

• A hajléktalanság női arca

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  306

  This article aims to enrich knowledge about homeless women. As according to most research (although many argue that this can be caused by the methods used) there are more men than women in a situation of homelessness, most research focuses on men. After summarizing already existing evidence about homeless women in Hungary and abroad, the authors introduce their work. They analysed the case dossiers of fifty women sleeping in BMSZKI’s hostels for homeless people in Budapest. The description of basic demographics is followed by attributes special to women, like motherhood and keeping in touch with children (whether small children who are separated from them or grown ones) and romantic relationships. Data was recorded by social workers, and reflect their views, thoughts and the outcomes they esteem possible for the women. Results reflect the perceptions of the women and their support workers.

• Felkészülés és képzéshasznosulás a segítő szakmákban: Összehasonlító tanulmány

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  212

  The objective of the study is to investigate the integration of social work students in the labour market in order to develop social work BA-level education. The research is based on a quantitative questionnaire completed by a number of 196 University-graduate respondents. The data collection was carried out in three institutions: Partium Christian University, University of Pécs, and University of Debrecen. According to the results, most experts consider themselves well prepared, but they have some shortcomings in their skills such as knowledge of foreign languages, financial literacy, project management, application writing, research methodology and understanding social processes. University education should focus more on these areas. Most of the professionals are satisfied with their education, but the proportion of the average evaluators is also high. It was found that the relationship between the knowledge acquired in the university is not significantly related to job satisfaction, and certain skills can be retrofitted during work practice.

• A társas támogatórendszer jellemzői a Nyíregyházi Család- és Gyermekjóléti Központ által nyújtott szolgáltatások igénybe vevői körében

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  90

  The study was carried out in Nyíregyháza Family and Child Welfare Centre with clients. I thought that those families who are in connection with the organization, supporting less connected, as those families who do not use the service. In the study, the characteristics of the social support system is described in terms of social work, and I discuss the confidential relationship between the child's parents is the importance of the inclusion of the questionnaire was applied to five name-generator situations. The method reveals that in some cases, who are the persons who rely on the people, or is there any person on whom they can rely on. I examined two generations, parents and children during my research. First of all I took into account the age of the children, aged 11 to 18 years covered in the study population. I think that would be the tools of social work to expand the use of the name generator method.

• Demens időseket gondozó családtagok és szakemberek kölcsönös szerepviszonyulásai

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  242

  In the case of the elderly with dementia, the study examines how the network of carers who have an informal or formal relationship with them changes over time and how the relationship between them develops. According to the theoretical starting point of the writing, the individual is surrounded by a network of caregivers (“convoy”) during their career (mostly in old age), and caregivers shape their own and the other party’s caring roles during their interactions. Empirical research has examined the history of the division of labour between family members and professional caregivers by means of qualitative interview, the more memorable interactions affecting the division of labor, and their perceptions of caregiver roles among the family members and professional caregivers of the elderly with dementia.

• „Mást tudnék csinálni, de hogy nem szeretném, az biztos!” Szociális munkások 2006-tól 2017-ig

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  135

  How do social workers see their work, their calling? What changes did they go through, and how did they value these? To have an answer, I interviewed 13 social workers of a city in 2006 and in 2016 and 2017.

  The interviewees have already changed their workplace and gone through other changes in their life, which they experienced differently. Most of them showed alternations in their attitude toward their work, one-third presented prolonged changes in their internal thinking and personality. They sense and follow changes in their profession, and in the society. Almost all of them think that they have the opportunity to find a new job either up to their circumstances or their personal qualities.

  The outcome of this research can contribute to the general opinion about social workers’ career path, about which information is usually gathered during their studies.

• The usefulness of the sources of formal and informal support in the context of the needs of families with children with disabilities

  Ondrej Botek

  Nadezda Kovalcikova

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  190

  Background: A child’s disability changes the family and has an impact on the quality of life of all its members. Consequently, the family’s needs change as well, especially when it comes to their need for support.

  Goal: The goal of this study was to map how families with children with disabilities perceive the usefulness of the sources of formal and informal support in the context of family needs, as very important feedback for social work and social policy as major actors in formal support.

  Methods: The study was conducted using a quantitative research strategy. The relevant data was acquired using two standardized questionnaires – The Family Support Scale (FSS) by authors Dunst, Jenkins and Trivette (1984) and The Family Needs Survey by authors Bailey and Simeonsson (1988). The sample of respondents was comprised of 493 parents of children with disabilities, out of which there was a much larger number of women – mothers (N= 427) than men – fathers (N= 66).

  Results: The results of the study suggest that for families with children with disabilities, the most dominant need is the support from their relatives, while they also feel an increased need for finances. In terms of the perception of the usefulness of sources, informal support was more dominant, and the support of a husband / wife / partner and close relatives was determined the most useful. The study proved the existence of various statistically significant links, such as the link between informal support in the form of parent groups, financial needs, and the need for support from the community.

  Conclusion: The study proved an important fact – that whichever kind of formal, but mainly informal support has a direct influence on the extent of the satisfaction of needs. The presence and usefulness of sources of support positively impacts the satisfaction of family needs.

• A szakmai identitás, mint a szociálismunkás-képzés egyik kulcskérdése

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  988

  Social worker identity development is a key to helpers’ effectiveness. Institutions of higher education have their own systems to assess knowledge and skills. Measuring attitudes, and emerging autonomy and responsibility remains a challenge, though the developmental level of these latter components are fundamental to the motivations and reflectivity of the practitioner.  Identity Structure Analysis is a method to explore the main elements of professional identity, identity formation and dynamics. Our sample included 57 social work practitioners. Our results indicate that a degree in social work, research and critical thinking were considered of secondary importance as compared to continuous professional development opportunities.  Self-awareness trainings and clinical supervision were identified as key training resources. Based on our results, curriculum development should include considerations on professional identity development. Continuing professional education, trainings, mentoring, and clinical supervision are essential resources for social worker practitioners during their career.

• Kutatói szerepkonfliktusok

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  51

  This study includes subjective thoughts on how it is possible to make participant observation, do ethnographic research in an institute closed for the outside world. Conceptualized on the twelve steps, the particular institute is a rehabilitation home for addicts. The author made observations for six months in the „field”.