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ASSESSMENT OF THE ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONING LEVEL OF STUDENTS WITH MODERATE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY USING THE VINELAND SOCIAL MATURITY SCALE
25-38Views:146Background and aim: Individuals with intellectual disability are expected to have significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour, which affect the individual's ability to cope with social and practical situations. The present study is concerned with the assessment of the adaptive functioning of young people with moderate intellectual disability, which is part of a more complex study (this study will investigate the impact of adaptive functioning levels of students with moderate intellectual disability on parents' subjective perceptions). Method: the study presents the results of the assessment of adaptive functioning of students with moderate intellectual disability (n=9) using the Vineland Social Competence Scale. Results: the social age of the students in the study is significantly below their age, especially in the areas of communication, socialisation, and self-management. The study confirms previous findings (Hatos, 2008; Radványi, 2001) and highlights the need for teachers of students with moderate intellectual disabilities to develop these skills.
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SITUATION OF CONVICTED PRISONERS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITY IN PENALTY INSTITUTIONS IN HUNGARY
63-71Views:191The study seeks to answer the situation of convicts with physical disabilities living in penitentiary institutions in Hungary. The aim of the dissertation is to present a case of ethical issues in addition to the exploration of the relevant legislation and environmental conditions. Recently there has been a growing need for prison staff to provide appropriate, cultured, special accommodation conditions for prisoners with physical disability showing that punishment is only deprivation of liberty and nothing more. Disability in itself should not be an additional punishment during the enforcement of verdicts. The case of the convicted person with physical disability presented also supports this statement.
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DISABILITY IN MEDICINE
7-18Views:315The present paper is the first of a two-part pair of studies exploring the relationship between medical students, doctors, medicine and disability. The factors influencing the perception of people with disabilities in different historical periods are presented, based on different models. We also analyse the development of special education from a medical perspective. The history of medical education and the role of disability studies in the medical education years will be briefly discussed. The study provides the theoretical basis for a later survey-based analysis of the „doctors” opinions, knowledge and hospital experiences with groups of people with disabilities, based on their personal and professional responses.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DISABILITY ATTITUDE FORMATION PROGRAMS THAT CAN BE USED IN PUBLIC EDUCATION
65-80Views:205Social sensitization created in an organized form can be an extremely powerful tool for society to become more accepting of different disabilities, and all of these can also support the more effective social integration of people with disabilities. Rejection or distancing can mostly be the result of a lack of information, so if society gets more insight and information about all this, a higher degree of acceptance can be assumed. In recent decades, the number of programs and events that set this goal has increased spectacularly. Based on the conclusions of international attitude surveys, it can be formulated as an essential variable the quality and quantity of information the respondent has about the given group, whether there is a person with a disability in his microenvironment, whether he has already established an interaction with them, and also the impulses received from the immediate environment, the family values can be an influencing factor. The foreign research on the subject also points out that attitude formation started at an early age can be really effective, and that the impulses received in institutional education can largely determine the attitude of students towards their peers with disabilities. After summarizing the international and domestic attitude research, an analysis of sensitization programs available in Hungary within the framework of institutional education, which may be suitable for shaping attitudes towards disability, was carried out with the help of a system of criteria compiled along these lines. The aspects of the analysis include how many types of disabilities are included, which age group the program is suitable for, with what intensity and how many times participation is possible, the nature of the knowledge transfer, and whether it is possible to come into contact with a disabled person, thus giving the opportunity to gather personal experience. The aim of the analysis is to compare the available programs with the results of foreign attitude surveys to identify the most optimal and widely applicable sensitization programs.
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SPECIAL TREATMENT OF THE CSR
27-41Views:108According to a broader definition offered by Kotler and Lee (2007, 10 p), the focus of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is on „selecting an initiative that will do the most good for the social issue as well as the corporation”. Following this line of reasoning, the purpose of this study is to examine through the use of practical examples those activities of CSR that can be in connection with the category of special treatment. To be more specific, these are CSR activities are related to the treatment of persons with a physical or mental disability and the treatment of people with reduced capacity to work. When it came to reviewing the activities of the selected companies, the CSR activity of Hungarian Affiliate of a global pharmaceutical company (company1) was considered as base. The CSR activities of the four other companies and company1 were evaluated by performing a content analysis of their websites. Due to the diverse sources of information, the news of 2015 and the press releases available on their websites were analyzed separately. The content analysis of the Sustainability reports and websites of the selected companies, supplemented with the latest company news, has opened the door to the preparation of a wide-spectrum activity inventory on the CSR areas related to the treatment of persons with a physical or mental disability and the treatment of people with reduced capacity to work.
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HR TOOLS SUPPORTING EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
7-17Views:187Hungarian statistical surveys, as well as previous research, point out the disadvantages experienced by persons with disability and a reduced work capacity on the labour market, due to which their employment falls behind the employment of the average population. In the background of these drawbacks, there are partially negative attitudes in the society and among employers which are based on prejudices. On the other hand, in the course of the integration and permanent employment of persons with disability and a reduced work capacity not only the accepting attitude of employers but also that of employees is essential. Employment policy instruments may facilitate the economic activity of the disadvantaged labour market groups but they may need their employers to help them further with employment, integration and work. The expected or received help of the open labour market or its degree do not always meet. No empirical research has been done into this topic yet. The aim of my research is to explore the attitude, approach, and knowledge of workers in social institutions in three districts of Hajdú-Bihar county and of the inhabitants in these districts regarding persons with disability and reduced work capacity. Questionnaire research was conducted, and altogether 747 persons (408 workers at social institutes and 339 citizens) were interviewed. The present study focuses on the exploratory-like results of the research which reveal the test groups’ familiarity with and knowledge of the application of those HR management tools that can further the employment of persons with reduced work capacity. The study assesses the results based on the following variables: sex, school qualification, position, previously gained knowledge about the reduced work capacity and work experience with persons with reduced work capacity. The results of the research suggest that for persons with a reduced work capacity the organisations mainly ensure the personalised field of work, preferential working hours, and accessible work environment, but it is not certain to be enough for the permanent employment of the target group as due to their mobility difficulties they would really need support to get to their work as well.
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SHAPING YOUTH ATTITUDES TOWARDS PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES – RESEARCH REPORT
65-86Views:212The objective of this article is to present the results of studies on attitudes of secondary school students towards people with physical disabilities. The research was conducted among pupils of high schools, technicians, and professional schools in Poland. On the basis of the results of the research, it can be stated that the attitudes of young people towards people with physical disabilities vary (from negative to very positive). Moreover, attitudes towards people with physical disabilities are related to knowledge about physical disability and perception of parents' attitudes towards people with physical disabilities.
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Abduction in the Assessment of Special Educational Needs - Learning Disability
31-44Views:28The diagnostic categories used to define learning disability are not standardized, and categorization systems are vague. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic methodology and strategies used to identify learning disabilities. The aim is to identify abductions in diagnostics in the field of special education. Interpreting diagnostics in remedial education using abduction can help identify learning disabilities more accurately. In the previous research phase, we conducted a meta-analysis of 11 expert reviews to identify abduction using fuzzy logic, fsQCA, and Boolean algebra. This study allowed for the creation of a new abductive diagnostic model. Based on these results, the reliability of the diagnostic process can be increased, and the diagnostic model can be used to detect learning disabilities or other types of problems and to identify sufficient conditions underlying a given phenomenon. Neither qualitative content analysis nor fsQCA revealed a relationship between all variables at a sufficient depth. Thus, in the present study, we moved on to Bayesian meshes, which shift and attempt to reorder previously identified variables based on conditional probability. We hypothesized that the Bayesian mesh and abduction application together may already be an efficient tool, which also anticipates the possibility of automation.
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SUPPORTING A STUTTERING STUDENT AT SCHOOL
91-104Views:294Stuttering is a disability of tempo and rhythm in the speech that students, special education teachers, and speech therapists face in their daily work. Previously, stuttering has been researched from the perspective of speech therapy and speech therapists. This research is however based on the opinions of the youngsters in question. One percent of the population are considered stutterers as per Guitar’s (1998) theory — which would mean that in Estonia, approximately 1,500 students are stutterers. Students spend a large and valuable part of their day and leisure time at school. It is therefore essential that teachers and advisors are aware and competent in providing support to stuttering students as needed. These students do not receive enough support and attention, as stuttering is considered a disability that does not distract teachers from doing their job. It can be assumed that teachers do not change their methods and systems in evaluating a stuttering student. It is nevertheless crucial that the student with the impediment feels safe and good at school and can express their thoughts in speech. The aim of this research is to find out how stuttering students cope in their school environment. The research also focuses on the experiences of teachers and support specialists in order to understand their cooperation when assisting a stuttering student.
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Juggling for Effective Learning - Methods to Encourage the Acquisition of New Skills in an Optional Course at Óbuda University
91-101Views:18Play and learn, or learn while having fun. Unfortunately, in today's achievement-oriented society, education is all about getting a student to complete a predetermined task on time. This pressure can be very stressful for students, especially if they themselves are perfectionists and want to do their best, and fear failure (repeating a term) and the feeling of underachievement when compared to the abilities of their peers. The "Juggling for Effective Learning" course has already been offered six times to students at Óbuda University. The primary reason for the course was to help students who have a disability, primarily a learning disability (dyslexia or dysgraphia). However, students who are curious about the course are also welcome to attend.
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REVIEW ABOUT GIGI FORTE’S BOOK ENTITLED „HUMANITY”
107-110Views:84This book review presents Gigi Forte's autobiographically inspired 458-page book Humanity. The heroine of the story is Emma Erős, who was born with cerebral palsy. The author of the book review, Dr. Adrienn Oravecz, who was also born with cerebral palsy, consciously chose the quotes in the review, trusting that they will make the readers think. On the one hand, the book can also be read as a developmental novel, because the reader is involved in the story from the moment of Emma's birth until the end of her university studies. On the other hand, it is also excellent as a characterization, since in the work we get to know many teacher characters and their attitude towards Emma's disability. Quoting the writer's words the main message is the following: "I hope that Emma's character can serve as an example for my young peers that they can achieve their goals even against the odds, if they believe they can." (Gigi Forte, 2021, 458. ).
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RESEARCH OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN GENDER RATIOS AND CHOICES BASED ON FELLOW FEELING IN CLASSES INTEGRATING MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY CHILDREN
51-66Views:125In our study, the main focus has been on class communities integrating children with mild intellectual disabilities. The sample examined involved four classes, each consisting of 20 students, two of which had more boys than girls, and one had an integrated boy, while the other had an integrated girl. In the other two communities, girls were the majority, with one boy and one girl integrated in them respectively. Our aim was to observe the correlation of gender proportions and the choices of likes and dislikes. Therefore a quality-focused analysis has been performed. Sociometry has been applied as a method and data analysis has been carried out by the Smetry software. Among our results we would like to highlight that the non-reciprocal choices of likes and dislikes are more frequent in between the same gender and the need to connect with a classmate of the same or „similar” sociometric status has been realized among the students several times. The relevancy of our last supposition – that within the classes with a female majority the status of girls is worse especially if they are integrated – has been proven by striking results. The sociometric status of girls has been the least favorable in classes where the majority and the integrated student are also girls.
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DOCTORS MEETING PATIENTS WITH DISABILITIES
99-111Views:119The paper explores a topic that affects everyday life: the encounter between doctors and patients with disabilities. The aim of the research was to find out how doctors and medical students think about disability, people with disabilities, and their encounters with them, in the course of their work. Despite the fact that age, the number of years spent in practice, and the areas of specialisation of the 10 interviewees present varied pictures they express many similar opinions in their responses. The responses point out that during their university years, they had heard little about the different aspects of disabilities in theoretical classes and during their practice so they really only had everyday knowledge and stereotypes about their disabled patients. The question arises: can doctors with a high social prestige set a positive example to the rest of society when it comes to the treatment of people with disabilities? The question then goes on to raise the need for a wider study, which should include other health professionals.
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TEACHERS IN A DISADVANTAGED POSITION
39-50Views:113The writers of this study will use the expression ‘disadvantaged’ in a broader sense. The first part of the study deals with teachers and teacher trainees who are in a disadvantaged position because they have got a physical disability. Structured interviews were made with 8 persons. The interviews focused on their educational experiences and also their experiences in the labor market. The key question of the interviews was whether the interviewees had experienced negative discrimination or not. The other part of the study written by Noémi Csilla Borsodi deals with teachers who are in a disadvantaged position because they are working in a vocational school. Many times, a lot of people have written about pedagogical success, its determination, and the grouping of its indicators. First, pedagogical success will be discussed from a different perspective, then the working conditions at a vocational school will be mentioned. Furthermore, the reasons for why the traditional concept cannot be ’substitute’ into the ’equation of success’ for vocational school. Finally, some good practices will be shown that could help motivate students.
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THE ISSUES OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO LEARNERS WITH A SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITY
31-52Views:361To make language teaching effective, it is important to consider the forms of language teaching, especially when we talk about learners with a specific learning disability. Our theoretical paper tries to review the literature of language teaching and dyslexia. The goal of our paper is to briefly present the definitions of dyslexia as well as to describe its signs and symptoms. This paper deals with the issues of language acquisition and language teaching, focusing on the difficulties which emerge when learning English. A dyslexic learner usually has difficulties in reading and writing in his L1, their reading is slower and they have problems with reading comprehension too. Besides the possible difficulties, we also discuss the strengths of dyslexic learners as their most important compensating skills are global/holistic thinking, visualisation, creativity, and problem-solving. Our paper also deals with the regulations governing language teaching in schools and the issues of choosing the language to learn at school. In higher education and in the world of work, speaking foreign languages and having language certificates are advantages, consequently, it is necessary to have appropriate course material. Language learners with dyslexia also have to take a school-leaving exam /GCSE in a foreign language, which is why our paper also deals with the output of language teaching in schools as well as the possibilities for dyslexic candidates offered by some Hungarian language exams (ORIGO, BME, DExam, ECL) The paper also mentions the issues of course material and language course books, as well as addressing the question of inclusive teaching for dyslexic learners. We also discuss the competencies required by a Special Educator as a language teacher, as he/she can help students, not only in learning English but also in the integration process.
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THE APPEARANCE OF THE AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION IN KINDERGARTENS, WHICH ARE SUPPLYING CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
35-44Views:286Present study focuses on the appearance of augmentative and alternative communication in kindergartens, which are supplying children with intellectual disability. The augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) makes it possible, that as a result of the injury of the sounding speech or its deficiency the individual be able to express his communicational intention in some kind of manner (Kálmán, 2006). In my research, I examine the opinions and personal experiences about the use of AAC of special education teachers. 21 special education teachers filled out the questionnaire. All of the special education teachers are women and they work in metropolitan kindergartens. The results indicate that the majority of children with intellectual disabilities need AAC. All of the asked special education teachers use the AAC in their work. Most of them use AAC in the course of development. It’s a young discipline, so there are many difficulties with its use.
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STUDENTS' ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE USE OF FILM SEQUENCES TO IDENTIFY THE DEVELOPMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
7-17Views:117The current study highlights the attitude of students toward the use of film sequences, as educational resources used in the course of Psychopedagogy of people with intellectual disabilities, in the online learning environment. The participants in the study were students (N = 28) in the 2nd year, who follow the Special Psycho-pedagogy study program. The research method was a questionnaire-based survey. The working tool contains 23 questions, which were developed by the authors for this research. In the introductory part, in addition to the synthesis of the specialized literature, we briefly presented the aspects related to the management of the university course, in a pandemic context, by presenting the ways in which the film sequences were used to achieve the objectives of the discipline. The results of the descriptive study show that students show a positive attitude towards the use of film sequences in teaching, learning, and final assessment activities. Thus, the students consider that the film sequences used in the course activities facilitate the understanding of the theoretical information from the course support, about the particularities in the development of people with intellectual disabilities. Additionally, the film sequences used for assessing knowledge in the final exam took students out of their comfort zone of passively taking the theoretical information and giving an answer during the online assessment tests. The research findings highlight the practical implications and future directions of research to ensure good management of course activities in the online learning environment.
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WHEN THE DRAMA IS EXPERIENCED: APPLICATION OF DRAMA PEDAGOGY IN THE HUNGARIAN LITERATURE CLASS OF MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABLITY AND TYPICAL DEVELOPED STUDENTS
47-63Views:190Practice-oriented teaching for children with mild intellectual disabilities is used interchangeably in the study, therefore the investigation presented in this study looks for the answer to how children evaluate a lesson in which they work with dramatic methods. Due to the comparison, three classes - a special education class, an integrative class, and a mainstream class - processed Aiszóposz: Mice and Cats using the methods of drama pedagogy. During the investigation, questionnaire data collection and participant observation were carried out. From the results, it can be concluded that the children in all three types of classes rated the lessons with drama pedagogical tools better.
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SIBLING CARE - SIBLINGS CARING FOR ADULTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
111-121Views:499The increasing life expectancy of adults with intellectual disabilities has raised new questions and challenges for families. Depending on the severity of their condition, people with intellectual disabilities need support from their families and environment to vary degrees throughout their lives. They depend on their family members, which addiction is a new problem as parents get older, and care will be the responsibility of siblings who are already living independent lives, sometimes geographically far away. Sibling care should be interpreted differently than when it is performed by a parent or a paid carer, it is more emotionally complex, its content and direction are diverse. We know not too much about sibling caregivers, we only have hypothetical answers to the questions based on a small number of studies or research in similar areas. This paper aims to provide an overview of the situation and motivations of adults who care of and take responsibility for their siblings with intellectual disabilities, and of their role and interaction of the various influences that help them understand. Getting to know siblings is necessary in order for the support system of the special education and social policy to adapt properly to the situation of the - unfortunately - barely ‘visible’ population.
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THE EXAMINATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES ABOUT THEIR VISION OF FUTURE
57-67Views:1060Background and Objectives: the examination of the vision of the future of young people with learning disabilities it rarely comes into the focus of research (Mártonfi, 2011; Móré and Mező, 2016), though the foundation of a successful, happy life is that everyone can realize themselves according to their own goals. The present study deals with the vision of the future of young people with learning disabilities. Our aim is to find out what have life goals and prospects of young people with learning disabilities. Methods: the participants were youngsters with learning disability attending vocational school (N=46) and their teachers (N=76), and the answers we were evaluated using SPSS, descriptive statistics, and Spearman's rank correlation. Results: The life goals of young people with learning disabilities in vocational schools have a happy life (rs = 0.43), success (rs = 0.45), and work (rs = 0.45), and starting a family is pushed into the background at this age. There is no strong correlation between young people's life goals and further education. According to the opinion of teachers, there is no significant relationship between the success of acquiring a profession and their standing in the labor market. From a life perspective, some educators consider starting a family conceivable for young people with learning disabilities.
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STUDENT’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY
7-15Views:545Several studies have shown that integrated education has advantages in students’ social development and accepted attitude development (Meyer, Park, Grenot-Scheyer, Schwartz & Harry, 1998). The studies about the integrated education had been traced for several decades, our research is based on the CATCH (Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes Towards Children with Handicaps Scale) questionnaire (Rosenbaum, 1985) which instrument had been used in several international studies as well (Tirosh, 1997; Vignes, 2008; Godeau 2010; Bosseart, 2011; De Laat, 2013, Schwab, 2017). Our major aim is to map the adolescent youth, their attitudes towards children with special treatment. The questionnaire was based on the three-component model of attitudes proposed by Triandis (1971). This 36-item, the self-administered scale was primarily paper-based, but our adaptation is placed on the online form. The participants of the study were 7th-grade students (N=99) The overall reliability of the test was satisfactory (Cronbach-α= 0,856). In the content analysis, we found two items that were significantly negative and four items which were not significant, those leaving the KMO= 0,809 (KMO>6), therefore suitable for factor analysis. The results show that, however in our sample, these three-component factors aren’t so clear, the test is reliable. There are some subtests that call for a revision, and we will need further researches to develop our assessment tool to make it more reliable and valid.
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INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL CARE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS WITH PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENT IN KWARA STATE
7-16Views:107The study examined the influence of parental care on the academic achievement of students with physical impairment in Kwara state. The study adopted a descriptive survey of a correlational type. All students with a physical impairment in Kwara State were the population of this study while 185 students with a physical impairment who were selected through snowball and purposive sampling techniques constituted a sample for this study. A researcher-designed instrument titled: “Influence of Parental Care on Academic Achievement Questionnaire” (IPCAAQ) was used to collect data from the respondents. The data collected were analysed using percentages for demography data and main research questions, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPPC) statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study revealed that the majority (87.6%) of the students with physical impairment experienced positive parental care and that more than half of the students with physical impaired have high and average levels of academic performance. A significant correlation between parental care and academic achievement of students with physical impairment in Kwara state. In addition, a significant relationship was found between the parental care and academic achievement of male and female students with physical impairment irrespective of their age group. Based on the finding, it was recommended that counsellors should intensify efforts on encouraging parents to show caring for their children with any form of disability in order for them to have good academic achievement.
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THE BOOK OF GYULA HATOS FOR THE PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES ON ITS LIFE CHANCES
101-102Views:209The reviewed book is:
Hatos Gyula (2012): Életkilátás-életkísérés értelmi akadályozottsággal élők körében. ELTE Bárczi Gusztáv Gyógypedagógiai Kar, Budapest. 325 oldal, ISBN: 978-963-7155-56-7 -
THE AIM AND EFFECT SYSTEM OF CONDUCTIVE EDUCATION, I.E.THE PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING THE ORTHOFUNCTION
73-93Views:296This study is aimed to introduce the position and the necessity of conductive education in the education, instruction, and development of persons with motor disabilities. The primary aim of conductive education is to improve the quality of life of individuals living with disabilities of central nervous origin. For this purpose, a specific effect system has been developed in the past 70 years which guarantees the efficiency of the method. Its concept of humankind is holistic which is reflected also by the complexity of the education process. Rehabilitation is approached from the aspect of pedagogy, thus it is seen as learning and re-learning and this is manifested in every minute of the daily routine. In the present study, the interrelations within the goal and effect system of conductive education are analyzed through the specialist literature of conductive education written in Hungarian as part of complex theoretical research. During the analysis, the author aspired to identify and separate the factors of conductive education, to analyze their functioning and to explore the underlying principles, which offers the opportunity for theoretical-academic modeling. The meaning of the terms orthofunction and dysfunction is examined in a separate chapter of the study with regard to their impact on the target setting and the effect system.
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(PRO) ACTIVITY IN THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF A HUNGARIAN SUBSIDIARY OF AN INTERNATIONAL LARGE COMPANY
77-95Views:161The spread of international companies in Hungary and the employment of Hungarian workers abroad have made it possible for foreign practices to increasingly appear in every field of the organizations’ functions. As organizations face continuous challenges all over the world, the range of solutions developed and used to tackle these challenges broadens continually. This paper describes the practice of a Hungarian subsidiary owned by a German parent company towards people with disabilities and those whose work capacity has changed. These activities are in connection with Human Resources, Communication, and more generally the organization’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In the paper, the specific practice of the company, focusing on the complexity of new issues is described.