Vol. 29 No. 2 (2024) Current Issue
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Chorological notes on the vascular flora of Hungary
85-119Views:135The paper presents 1593 current chorological data of 584 taxa (species, subspecies, varietas, hybrids) from Hungary, collected during the last few years. All of these connected also to a total of 184 CEU quadrats. Among the species characteristic to the natural habitats, we highlighted the records of several species protected in Hungary (Adoxa moschatelina, Althaea cannabina, Cardamine parviflora, Centaurium pulchellum, Gagea pusilla, Orobanche reticulata, Potentilla patula, Rosa zagrabiensis, Spergula pentandra, Trifolium diffusum, Valerianella dentata, V. rimosa, Veronica officinalis, Viola collina and V. pumila). In the Northern part of Hungary, we observed the establishment of Cerastium dubium and Ranunculus pedatus at several places along roadsides, which species have been known from the surrounding saline areas for a long time, but their appearance at roadsides is relatively new phenomenon. In addition, Aegilops cylindrica, Crypsis schoenoides, and Fumaria vaillantii subsp. vaillantii were found in one location – each species on roadsides. Along the railway tracks, we found disturbance-tolerant pioneers of rocky grasslands, open sandy and loess grasslands, e.g. many population of the native Androsace elongata, Anthemis ruthenica, Centaurea arenaria, Draba nemorosa, Erodium ciconium, Medicago monspeliaca, Microrrhinum minus, Saxifraga tridactylites and Vulpia myuros were found, as well as numerous ruderalia and the archaeophyt such as Aegilops cylindrica. In addition to the more common species from the urban flora, we present some new data on the occurrence of the rarer Amaranthus blitum subsp. emarginatus, Chenopodium glaucum, Ch. murale, Ch. opulifolium, Ch. vulvaria and Euphorbia peplus. We have also listed some of the rarer field weeds and species that can establish in younger and older old-fields. Bromus secalinus has been found in several places in the northeastern part of Hungary. We also observed Calepina irregularis, Centaurea solstitialis, Centaurium pulchellum, Erysimum cheiranthoides, Filago lutescens, Fumaria officinalis subsp. officinalis, Geranium dissectum, Misopates orontium, Myagrum perfoliatum, Reseda phyteuma, Spergularia salina and Veronica anagalloides populations. Erodium hoefftianum is a member of the natural flora, but is now found only in old-fields. We found some pasture weeds in regions where they are not common (e.g. Bupleurum tenuissimum, Cerastium dubium and Trifolium striatum). The study also presents some species that are data deficient for taxonomic reasons, but not very rare ones (or we don’t know that). This group includes Arabis sagittata, Bolboschoenus glaucus, Bromus commutatus, B. racemosus, B. ramosus, Fumaria vaillantii subsp. schrammii, Ononis spinosiformis subsp. semihircina, Potentilla collina and Viola suavis “white morfotype”. We have drawn attention to the effect of ecological-botanical works on flora-influencing. We found Anthemis ruthenica (species of sandy grasslands) in a mountain meadow, which is probably the result of seeds accidentally introduced by researchers. Finally, the paper provides data on the current distribution of hybrid taxa. A new individual of Betula ×rhombifolia was established in the Mátra Mts. We found some Euphorbia individuals that appeared to be a transitional form between E. esila and E. virgata (E. ×intercedens; Eu. esula subsp. saratoi). We also present some Verbascum and Viola hybrids. Hybrids were determined on a macromorphological basis.
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Corydalis pumila in the Southern ‘Tiszántúl’ and further data on the forest flora of ‘Kis-Sárrét’ and ‘Körös Plain’
120–128Views:88This article presents some interesting floristic data from the survey of forests of the ‘Kis-Sarrét’ and the ‘Körös Plain’ microregions (East Hungary) between 2016 and 2024. This article focuses on species associated with mesophilic forests. The majority of the data presented are from the forests of the ‘Kis-Sarrét’ and the ‘Körös Plain’, including some surprising species new to the southern part of the ‘Tiszántúl’ region, including Corydalis pumila in Bélmegyer and Salvia glutinosa in Körösnagyharsány. Several species typical of mesophilic forests were also found in these two areas, which are extremely rare in the southern part of ‘Tiszántúl’ region, of which only one or two current occurrences are known (e.g. Allium oleraceum, Carex remota, Hesperis sylvestris and Orchis purpurea). In addition to the most interesting data, I report the occurrence of all species associated with mesophilic forests that are not included in the maps of the online database of Hungarian vascular plants, except for a few common species. The level of detail of the 42 species enumerated varies according to their importance. The more interesting species are described in more detail, while for the more common species, only brief occurrence data are given, with some comments where necessary.
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Distribution and conservation status of forest plant species in sand oak forests of the Danube–Tisza Interfluve
129–140Views:136In this article we summarise the floristic data collected during our research in oak forests in the northern part of ‘Kiskunság’ since 1998. Between 2020 and 2024, we systematically visited and mapped the forest stands in the region, which have been continuous since the First Military Survey (late 18th century). A total of 100 forest patches were identified as semi-natural pedunculate oak, covering a total of 865 hectares, and floristic data could be collected in 94 of them. The data were supplemented by scattered occurrences found during the survey. A total of 1207 occurrences of 96 forest and forest edge species were recorded in the stands. Of these, 214 occurrences of 81 species are new compared to the Hungarian Floristic Mapping data. Species were grouped according to habitat preference and regional vulnerability. In total, 23 species were classified as threatened and 37 as critically endangered. Without active conservation interventions, these species could become extinct in the ’Kiskunság’ within a few decades.
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Review
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Ethnobotanical and cultural significance of Chaerophyllum bulbosum in the Carpathian Basin
141–159Views:61Tuberous-rooted chervil (Chaerophyllum bulbosum) is one of the iconic plants in the Carpathian basin regarding ethnobotany. It is considered native to this region and it is known by about one hundred different Hungarian folk names and allophones. We have plenty of historical data about its gathering from the wild from the end of the 16th century, but certainly, it could have been collected much earlier by the people who lived here. In the whole Carpathian basin, mostly its tubers (and rarely the leaves as well) were gathered mainly by children, which were eaten in various forms and dishes, but most frequently raw as salad. Its popularity started to decline by the end of the 19th century, and in the middle of the 20th century, it was regarded as one of the ‘beets out of fashion’, which was slowly disappearing from the diet. From the 21st century, there is only one record about its gathering and consumption from Transylvania. In former times, along with other Chaerophyllum and Anthriscus species it was recommended to cure scorbute and diarrhoea and as a poultice for ulcers. In the Middle Ages, it was cultivated throughout Eastern and Central Europe, which could have also been true for the Carpathian Basin. Master Roger mentioned this species among the plants of devastated peasant gardens (1243, after the Mongol invasion). Thereafter, we have records only from the middle of the 19th century showing the obvious growing of its cultivated variety (called ‘chervil-beet’). However, its cultivation remained quite sporadic, and by the middle of the 20th century, it was already fully neglected. The plant occurred in Hungarian cookery books from the 16th century, especially in Transylvanian gastronomy. The remembrance of its former folk uses retained in Hungarian culture as well, it emerges in several poems and prose.
Short communications
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Data on the native vascular plant species of the Pannonian Region I. (1–5)
160–172Views:17This is the first part of a series presenting previously unpublished data of importance for the knowledge of native vascular plants in the Pannonian Region. This paper deals with the families Lycopodiaceae, Brassicaceae, Crassulaceae, Rosaceae and Orchidaceae. We document the occurrence of Lycopodiella inundata from a ski slope on the outskirts of Nagyhuta (Northern-Hungary) as a new species in Hungarian flora. New occurrence data are reported for the roadside spreading Sedum caespitosum and Thlaspi alliaceum. We report on the specimens of Spiraea crenata found in the interior of settlements (gardens, cemeteries) between 2019 and 2024. New occurrences of several orchid species rare in Hungary are reported: Himantoglossum adriaticum from the Mecsek Mts, the Balaton highlands, the Bakony Mts and the Szigetköz regions (Western-Hungary); Ophrys fuciflora from Zala and Veszprém counties (Western-Hungary); Dactylorhiza fuchsii from Mezőföld region; Orchis mascula subsp. signifera from the northern part of the Great Plain (Northeastern-Hungary).