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Practical experiences of business performance measurement in Hungarian e-commerce
58-75Views:13In E-commerce is gaining ground all over the world, and its role in the global economy is growing. However, it is important to note that the current inflationary environment puts e-commerce at a disadvantage compared to traditional sales. Rising prices for food and everyday goods have been reflected in consumers' shopping baskets, while e-commerce has seen increased demand for cheaper substitute products. This has reduced basket value and made it difficult to meet performance targets. As traditional stores have grown in importance, e-commerce's share of total trade has fallen from a record high of 10.4% in 2021 to 9.6% in 2022. It is forecast that, within ten years, 30% of retail sales will be made online. These changing shopping habits will present challenges for business leaders. The research aims to determine the extent to which e-commerce businesses in Hungary are influenced by performance measurement tools and systems, how these tools and systems are used, how they improve performance, and their impact on the achievement of corporate performance objectives. It is particularly important to examine which areas can be improved and which pose barriers or risks to achieving targets. In order to make key decisions, business leaders require information on the most impactful factors and those that will help them to achieve their goals. To achieve this, it is necessary to assess companies' current performance improvement and measurement practices and the results achieved, as well as identifying the interrelationships between the different factors. This research was conducted through a questionnaire survey of e-commerce businesses. Based on the responses, the factors that contribute most to effective management were investigated, highlighting the performance improvement and measurement tools on which these businesses should focus.
The questionnaire-based survey comprised a total of 24 items, organized into two main sections. The first section focused on collecting general background information, while the second section aimed to assess practices related to performance measurement and evaluation. This latter section included questions concerning performance objectives, performance-inhibiting and risk factors, the tools and methods used for performance measurement, operational, financial, and market-based performance outcomes, as well as the evaluation of measured performance.
A total of 224 valid responses were collected. During the data analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the variable groups. Closely related variables were grouped into single components based on their intercorrelations. Subsequently, a dependent variable was defined, and the Backward elimination method was applied to identify those principal components that best explained the variance in the dependent variable. Cluster analysis was conducted to form distinct groups, and the financial, asset-related, and income-related indicators of the resulting clusters were examined. These clusters were later utilized in hypothesis testing. Improved profitability, increasing returns, and enhanced financial performance were observed in Cluster 2. For enterprises within this cluster, the introduction of new products, the establishment of long-term growth objectives, and the monitoring of website visits and customer complaints were considered particularly important. These findings suggest that such factors should be given special consideration by enterprises operating in online marketplaces.
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Examination of sustainable consumer attitudes
14-24Views:566The topic of sustainability is known worldwide, as it tries to find a solution to a global problem. Its goal is to create and use alternatives when using inputs and outputs that cause less pollution, reducing the use of renewable and non-renewable resources provided by the Earth. The goal of sustainable development is to transform governmental, production, manufacturing, consumption, and other processes in such a way as to give the Earth a chance for long-term survival. The exponentially growing population and the ever-increasing consumption and overconsumption began to pollute our world at an even greater rate. It is enough to think about increased air smog pollution, desertification, polluted waters, or global climate change to realize how big a problem we are facing. Our primary research was based on a questionnaire survey, which tried to reveal the difference between the Hungarian and Spanish respondents about sustainable, but primarily environmentally conscious behavior. In this study, we focus only on the results of the Hungarian respondents (N=357) and present the individual consumer groups in terms of environmentally conscious behavior. Descriptive statistical analysis, principal component and cluster analysis were used for the study. From our research, it became clear that people filling in use several methods to reduce their individual pollutant emissions. In addition, it is considered the most important thing to start environmentally conscious education from an early age. Our results of the principal component analysis did not coincide with previous research results on the topic, but they showed similar patterns. In the present research, the dimensions were Eco-fit career awareness, Trend following, Selfless patriotic values, and Favorable company perception. Based on the cluster analysis, it can be said that there are not many people in the group most committed to sustainability goals, the Sustainable Conscious segment, however, unlike in recent years, there is a group strongly in favor of sustainability and domestic values, who appeared in larger numbers in our sample.
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INVESTIGATION OF ETHNOCENTRIC BEHAVIOR USING THE CETSCALE MODEL
Views:206Nowadays, the protection of the local economy and society is strongly supported not only at the level of nations, but also at the global level. Our study was based on the CETSCALE model of Shimp and Sharma (1987), based on Sumner's (1906) concept of ethnocentrism. The consumer questionnaire survey was conducted in the fall of 2021 as part of an omnibus research on a representative sample (N=1000). The sample reflects the composition of the basic population in terms of gender, age, settlement type and regions. In the course of the research, in addition to descriptive statistical methods, factor and cluster analysis were performed in order to reveal the consumer segments formed along the lines of domestic ethnocentric values. Since in 2014 we already analyzed this set of statements in the framework of a representative large-scale study, we also had the opportunity to compare it with the results of seven years earlier. According to our expectations, the 2020 epidemic increased the commitment to Hungarian products. However, our preliminary assumption was not confirmed, during the analyzes it was revealed that there was no significant change compared to the previous state. Along the lines of the CETSCALE statements, it was possible to identify two factors and with their help to separate three segments, which were named Nationalist, Patriotic and Cosmopolitan based on their alignment with the value groups. It is in the fundamental interest of the actors of the domestic economy that the patriotic behavior is strengthened in the future, for which a strategy must be developed.
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APPLICATION OF DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS ON THE FINDINGS OF A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY CONDUCTED ON HEALTH TOURISM
65-69Views:226The examination of the presence of learning in leisure activities and in tourism has become popular in the past 20 years. There are a lot of publications in this area but there are differences in the type of learning, the persons studied , and the methods of the s urvey. The aim of the present study is the further processing of the database of a questionnaire tested, in the course of which we reveal the correctness of the further classification of the sample beyond the exploration of
learning applying the m ethod o f discriminant analysis.