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• The emergence of digital transformation in the automotive industry - Industry 4.0 in Hungary

  3-28

  Nikoletta Tóth-Kaszás

  Ildiko Ernszt

  Erzsebet Peter

  Balint Mihalics

  Views:

  525

  It is no exaggeration to say that the digital transformation can be seen as both a paradigm shifts and a real technological revolution (Perez, 2010, Mergel, et al., 2019). In order to get to know the preparedness of the Hungarian automotive industry players in the topic, we conducted an empirical research in October - December 2020. The main goal was to determine the level of automotive actors in the digital transformation process. Company leaders were primarily asked about their progress in the digital transition process, its opportunities and challenges, organizational culture, and potential human resource management responses. This study focuses on the digital transition concentrating on the following dimensions: strategy and leadership, human resources, business processes, supply chain, manufacturing, products and services. Based on the results, we classified the examined Hungarian automotive industry actors into clusters.

• Corporate and state roles in Hungarian industrial development after the nineties

  7-22

  Adam Torok

  Views:

  122

  In the nineties the development of Hungarian industry was first disappointing, but later it was definitely rapid and successful. Several publication have described the process of this industrial transition in general as well as in the light of the foreign market performance of Hungarian industry. However, the majority of the analyses were based on stistical surveys and the participants of the processes were somewhat neglected. For this reason the present study examines the influence of major corporate participants and that of the government on the development of the industry, as well as their behaviour, and conclusions are drawn as regards the strategic potentials of Hungarian industry after 2003 and 2004. First the study offers an overview of the most important corporate participants of the Hungarian industry, then it seperately discusses the peculiarities of the market presence of foreign industrial firms, in particular to what extent the European Union's ambitions, taking shape from the year 2000, aiming at improving competitiveness can be reflected in Hungarian economic policy. Thus the question is whether we can expect the revival, to some extent, of Hungarian industrial policy which has appeared to be lifeless since 1996, and whether we can expect state participation in the promotion of the development of Hungarian industry which should be of European standards and yet more active than round the turn of the century.

• Regional netwrok cooperation

  115-130

  Marietta Kiss

  Views:

  123

  The current study aims to reveal the regional network cooperations - found primarily in the construction industry -, in particular in the Észak-Alföld Region. The study includes three main parts: after the industry analysis of the construction industry a short summary follows about the theoretical bases of today's business network cooperations, clustering, and such relationships especially among firms operating in the construction industry, and finally it is closed by a case study revealing the relationship network of a dominant construction company of the Észak-Alföld Region. The most important finding is that in Hungary clustering in the construction industry - that has already existed in several developed economies - has not started yet, however, networking - that can be the basis for the development of a construction industry cluster - has already began, and if it continues, it further increased the advantages already experienced.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: L140, L850

• Production Efficiency Analysis of the Hungarian Meat Processing Industry

  23-42

  Zombor Berezvai

  Views:

  143

  This paper analyzes the performance of the Hungarian meat processing industry in the wake of the global financial crisis. Between 2011 and 2013 many high-capacity meat processors went bankrupt in Hungary. Possible reasons for that could be unfavorable market situation and inefficiency in production. In this paper, the latter hypothesis is examined. Two different types of production function estimation techniques are used to calculate firm-specific inefficiency estimates. Based on the estimation results, the lower bound of average firm-level efficiency is 0.50, while the upper bound is 0.88. Estimated firm-level inefficiencies are compared to the characteristics of the given firms. Pre-tax profit, company size and domestic ownership are associated with lesser inefficiency. On the other hand, time trend of inefficiencies indicate that the global financial crisis negatively affected the production efficiency of the meat processors. This can be a reason behind the bankruptcies happened.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: C33, L66

• Global Value Chains and Upgrading – Experiences of Hungarian Firms in the Machinery Industry

  5-22

  Andrea Éltető

  Anikó Magasházi

  Andrea Szalavetz

  Views:

  261

  Global production networks and global value chains have become widespread today. In these cases firms locate the various stages of their value adding activities across different countries. The activities of global value chains form a new phase of globalization characterized by fragmented production, transfer of technology, and decreasing transport costs (Kaplinsky 2013). Developing countries are involved in these production networks, perceiving this as an important (if not the only) way to develop. The Central European countries have taken an active part in the chains of multinational firms since the nineties. The benefit derived from this participation varies across sectors and firms. In this article we analyze the experiences of Hungarian companies in the machinery industry. The structure of the article is the following. After a description of the basic research question and methodology, a literature review is provided. In the following section we introduce the companies surveyed and review their product-, process- and functional upgrading experiences. Finally, we discuss our findings and suggest some managerial and policy implications.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: F23, M21

• Eras and watertsheds in business informatics

  5-28

  Gyorgy Bogel

  Views:

  141

  The history of business informatics csan be described as a consequence of specific periods. The separation and the analysis of these period may help in understanding the logic of industry development and to identify key future trends. The study summarizes the criteria which can be used for the identification of specific periods and describes important approaches to development analysis. The unfolding of a new period can be an important turning point in the life of industry players: general condition change, consequently the nature of competition can become radically different. The study concludes with an analysis of the present state of the industry with some expected future trends.

• Knowledge Export in Higher Education: A Hierarchic Approach

  35-48

  Jozsef Beracs

  Views:

  153

  The role of higher education in economic growth is increasing parallel with the development of the knowledge industry. The export income from student mobility estimated by some experts exceeds 40 billion US dollars worldwide. In this paper we discuss two aspects of the phenomenon. First, higher education as an industry is more complex than simply student mobility. This is true despite the fact that this mobility is the most visible and most attractive part of the export activity. There are research outputs of universities and other service activities which are classified as exports and which are offered in market based systems. Second, the individual professors - whether employees of universities or freelance knowledge workers - university departments, faculties, universities, countries, regions, etc. could serve as the subjects of the statistical measurement of activities. All of those activities which are carried out by universities can be measured in different hierarchical systems.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: F14, M31

• Allocation Of Residual Income Rights Under Internal Governance Empirical Results from the Hungarian Trucking Industry

  Joseph Windsperger

  Maria Jell

  Views:

  119

  The paper offers a property rights and monitoring cost explanation for the allocation of residual income rights between the carriers and truck drivers under internal governance. First, by applying property rights theory, we argue that the structure of residual income rights depends on the importance of noncontractible (intangible) assets of the truck driver to generate a residual surplus. The more important the truck driver’s intangible knowledge
  assets, the more residual income rights should be transferred to him. In addition, we controlled for the monitoring costs as an additional explanatory variable of the allocation of residual income rights. According to agency theory, the higher the variable proportion of the driver’s income, the higher the monitoring costs.These hypotheses were tested by using data from the Hungarian trucking industry. The empirical results are supportive of the hypotheses.

  JEL- Index: G32, M2

• ESG regulation and what lies behind it - opportunities and challenges in preparing businesses for ESG in Hungary

  Orsolya Szendrey

  Gábor Bányai

  Mihály Dombi

  Judit Futó

  Dávid János Gulyás

  Andrea Karcagi-Kováts

  Piroska Harazin

  Views:

  29

  On 12 December 2023, the Parliament adopted the proposal on the rules of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and other related laws to promote sustainable financing and unified corporate responsibility (ESG Act). Companies subject to the Act will gradually have to comply with several qualitative and quantitative requirements, which will pose significant challenges for market players and regulators monitoring their operations. This paper aims to review how the gradual extension of the scope of the Act will affect market and industry players, highlighting the opportunities and challenges for stakeholders in meeting regulatory requirements in environmental, corporate governance and social matters.

• Has the monopoly in Hungarian telecommunication ceased?

  126-146

  Anna Csilla Kiss

  Views:

  27

  The article speaks about the natural monopolies of telecommunication, the regulation of competition and within this, the structure and regulation of the telecom industry, examining how this monopoly disappeared. It searches for answers in order to find out where the competitions stands in the Hungarian market and its place in the future. Professionals and consumers of the mainly liberal telecom market in Hungary, since 2001, are expecting that the new open towards international competing will cause greater proficiency and lower costs. In the beginning of the article, its author emphasizes the views in connection with the definition of competition and a form of the imperfect competition, natural monopoly; later speaking about the regulation of competition in general. In the third part of the article, she writes about the special regulations of the competitive telecom market, mentioning Hungarian experiences and showing the structure of the market.

• Before and after recession: a snapshot of the infocom industry

  41-58

  Gyorgy Bogel

  Views:

  135

  Az infokommunikációs szektor növekedése igen gyors volt a kilencvenes években, majd ez a trend 2000 második felében megtört. Az iparág recessziója azóta véget ért, ugyanakkor azonban számos jelből arra következtethetünk, hogy a fejlődésében új szakasz kezdődött. Ezt a periódust a korábbinál lassúbb növekedés, az építkezés felől a használat felé való fordulás, a korábbinál realistább, józanabb vásárlói és befektető magatartás, a piac beérése és konszolidációja, a termékek és szolgáltatások tömegcikkesedése, a szállítói oldal vállalatainak racionalizálása, a földrajzi munkamegosztás átrendeződése jellemzi. Eközben kiszélesednek és elmélyülnek az új technológiához való alkalmazkodás folyamatai. Mindezek a jellemzők és trendek megfelelnek annak a leírásnak, amit a venezuelai Carlota Perez az innovációs ciklusok „összerendeződési korszakának” nevez.

• The development of companies producing alternative protein end-products

  3-23

  János Szenderák

  Views:

  82

  Excessive consumption of animal-based protein has led to a significant negative impact on the environment and human health. Companies producing alternative protein end-products aim to produce substitute products that are similar to conventional animal-based products with less environmental impact. In this research, 955 alternative protein companies were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results revealed a significant increase in the number of companies after 2015, indicating high industry potential and an increasing global focus on sustainability. Plant-based products dominated the production structure because they were more appealing to consumers and may reach price parity sooner. Current food systems are unsustainable. Thus, although some factors still hinder the market uptake of alternative proteins, a shift towards a more sustainable food system is inevitable in the future.

• A kulturális és kreatív iparágak a világ legfrekventáltabb régióiban

  Anett Galyasz

  Views:

  207

  This study touches on and organises the definition of the creative industry, creativity and the differences in terminologies used within the creative economy. These help to form and idea of which areas different countries or regions consider dominant from the developmet point of view. Beyond this, the study describes the attempts to map out the conceptual system of the creative economy and its statistical measurement. It therefore examines the statistical, economical and social characteristics of the creative industries, in accordance with the Europe 2020 Strategy and other professional documents. It aims to provide a comparative analysis of different regions' creative industries. Lastly, regarding to Hungary, it defines future tasks.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: Z1

• On the Global Expansion of Venture Capital

  60-69

  Judit Edit Futó

  Views:

  139

  The venture capital industry has also been negatively affected worldwide by the financial crisis of 2008, thus the usual investment conditions have changed. One aim of the study is to provide an overview of the changes. As shown in the global trends, the level of the global annual venture capital investments in 2013 just reached the level of before 2008. Although in some Asian countries (China and India) the decline was not significant, unlike in the European countries. Another aim of the study is to examine whether there is a reality of an integrated global venture capital model, or it is different in each country. If there is a difference, then what kind of explanatory factors can be tracked back. On the basis of extensive international literature the article argues that there are a number of factors such as the characteristics of financial systems, the legal and institutional barriers and the culture that affect the emergence of an integrated venture capital model.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: G24