Articles

• The Calculation of Social Benefits of Influenza Vaccination based on Statistical Data

  6-24

  Péter Vajó

  Zoltán Bács

  Views:

  36

  The goal we set in our study has had no precedent either in the Hungarian or in the international literature: our intention was to quantify the effectiveness of influenza vaccination based on facts, and to define the number of non-occurred diseases as a result of vaccination. We evaluated data from the influenza season of 2018/2019 in our study. We analyzed the available data on population, vaccination and the number of diseases, and drew objective conclusions therefrom. It was a problem that the basic data appeared in different data sets for different age groups, so we had to find a consensus between them, and establish comparable age groups. Ultimately, we defined three distinct age groups: the age group of minors (0-18 years), the economically active (19-59 years) and the age group of over 60 years. These three age groups became well distinguishable by population, vaccination, and morbidity. We described the influenza disease in general, the characteristics and variability of the influenza virus. We defined the typically affected age group, the number of patients to be treated, the trends for the past 5-10 years. The presented facts, numbers, the results of the calculations, and the conclusions drawn clearly show – excluding subjectivity – the preventive effect and effectiveness of vaccination, which was quantified for the first time in Hungarian literature.

  25

• The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on different areas of life in Hungary (work, private life, health and mental state)

  25-36

  Vida Viktória

  Popovics Péter

  Views:

  210

  The COVID-19 epidemic had an enormous impact on the entire world, including the Hungarian population. The situation was accompanied by numerous new restrictions, strict regulations, and their consequences had to be dealt with, which also affected the life of everyone. Therefore, it was considered that it would be worthwhile to assess the different reactions to this situation among the population, what effects the people had to face and whether there was a change in their lives. The opinions of respondents on different areas of life was surveyed, such as private life, changes in personal relationships, introduction of changes in workplace habits, and the effects on health and mental state. Also the survey intended to reveal newly developed good and bad habits. The survey method was a questionnaire-based survey, which was delivered to the respondents online (n=362). The results obtained from the sample were evaluated, subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, and then crosstabs were performed based on background variables (gender, age, educational attainment, occupation, and income) to present correlations. The results of the sample are not representative, but they properly represent and summarize the situation.

  hu

  151

• “Stay Home” - Moving to Home Office in the Northern Great Plain Region

  37-47

  Filep Roland

  Ujhelyi Mária

  Views:

  133

  The changes resulting from the covid epidemic have led to an unprecedented spread of the Home Office. In our study, to examine the advantages and disadvantages of working away from work, we chose an organization’s Northern Great Plain Region where face-to-face negotiations are essential, so they were rarely used before the emergency, but were switched en masse due to changed circumstances. We sought to answer which of the literature factors significantly impacted employee satisfaction related to teleworking and the need to maintain it after an epidemic. Based on the regression analysis results, we found that employee satisfaction with a greater desire to switch to telecommuting, proficiency in solutions replacing personal communication channels, and perceived improvement in work-life balance has a positive, uncertainty and stress associated with implementation. Workers would be happy to work in this form in the future if they desire to switch to teleworking became more pronounced at the time of introduction. However, the fear of switching, higher age and lack of managerial feedback would lead them back to the workplace. As a suggestion, we stated that managerial support is vital throughout the process, which should be reflected in employees’ involvement in the decision-making process, the appropriate replacement of the personal communication channel, and more frequent feedback. In improving work-life balance, a leader can be on the side of time management to help his followers by prioritizing tasks. In the Home Office experience process, these measures can help employees experience the benefits of telecommuting more.

  hu

  146

• Employment during the Coronavirus crisis, experiences from the Northern Great Plain Region

  48-57

  Edit Barizsné Hadházi

  Mária Ujhelyi

  Roland Filep

  Views:

  59

  The impact of the pandemic crisis was particularly significant on the labour market. In our study, we sought the answer to what percentage of workers were brought into precarious conditions by the epidemic. Another question was in which industries were the organizations able to use the Home Office option and their practical experience. Based on secondary data, different economic sectors have been affected to different degrees by the viral situation, with low, medium and high levels separated by the literature according to the impact on emissions. Compared to the global average (50%), Hungary has a higher proportion of employees (60%) in the “high” or “medium high” sectors. According to German regional results, education, finance and telecommunications within the service are the areas where teleworking is most applicable to maintain continuous operation and employment. As part of primary research, we interviewed the head of an organization operating in a low-, medium- and high-impact sector in the Northern Great Plain Region. There was no significant change in the “low” category, in the case of “medium” the acquisition activity was pushed into the background, in the case of “high” there was a downsizing. Based on this, it can be said that the Pandemic catalyzed the digitization processes, the Home Office, which was introduced or expanded by force, presumably had a developmental effect on organizations, which effect cannot be left without a trace after the virus situation. The organization’s experience can be utilized if it returns to the “normal” wheelbase by eliminating the disadvantages and strengthening the advantages.

  hu

  28

• Wellbeing at workplace – health promotion and types of stress in Southern Transdanubia

  58-66

  Szilárd Berke

  Marcell Schmidt

  Zsolt Kőműves

  Views:

  274

  The effectiveness of organizations is decisively influenced by the satisfaction and wellbeing of employees. We examined in this study how workplace motivational tools affect the wellbeing and effectiveness of employees, what causes stress and what kind of solutions can be used to improve the atmosphere at workplace, and which type of elements are presented in workplace health promotion. 157 evaluable responses were received using the online questionnaire. The questions related to the survey were published online, using the Google Forms system. Based on the replies of the questionnaire it can be stated that the majority of the respondents are not familiar with the concept of health promotion. A sense of wellbeing is enhanced by increased wages, esteem and extra cash rewards. If the atmosphere at workplace is more pleasant, calmer, more balanced, it will clearly lead to better satisfaction, they said. Most ofstress is caused by the high workload, ensuring customer satisfaction, and the wrong relationship with the managers. 55% of respondents said they do not like working in their current workplace. Keywords: wellbeing, stress, human resource management.

  166

• Labor retention in the domestic SME sector in Somogy county

  66-77

  Szilárd Berke

  Zsolt Kőműves

  Views:

  137

  Companies face many new challenges as a result of ever-changing HR trends. One of the most significant problems in recent years has been the ever-changing workforce. Employee loyalty is no longer a matter of course, it must be actively pursued. The root of the problems often goes back to recruitment, as many employers try to attract the workforce by “beautifying” the job advertisement, focus on creating a better image of the organization. Many times we encounter that recruitment was not adequately prepared, not enough attention was paid to select the right workforce. However, it is also important to emphasize that it is not enough to get the workforce, you need to be able to keep it as well. In our questionnaire research, we have examined how the recruitment process takes place, what steps have been taken to ensure employees to remain being committed and to stay loyal to their employer. Based on the results, we can conclude that employers know and apply labor retention methods. The most commonly used procedures were longer learning times, involvement in decisions, organization of trainings, or just job rotation.

  62

• Issues of self-management and improving organizational effectiveness among managers

  78-89

  Erzsébet Gyopár Csapai

  Views:

  61

  It is very difficult to measure the leadership excellence. Partly because the indicators of the organizational excellence are measuring mainly the effectiveness and there are not focusing on the “managerial value”. Scientist made a lot of effort in the last decades to measure the “managerial value”, trying to approach from many sides the managerial success. In our research we wanted to review the international practice, and, in the other hand we tried to conduct a situation survey among Hungarian leaders with the aim of exploring the value-creation processes and the managerial thinking and practice which are behind them. This article focuses on self-management solutions and operational management processes to improve the effectiveness of organizational processes. One of the goals of the survey was to discover and present the Hungarian management mindset, the self-management working methods and time-management behavior in the SME sector, all in the context of effectiveness and to enrich with this new information the scientific and market knowledge in the field. 148 managers were included in the study, partly due to the difficult availability, the low willingness to answer, and partly due to the confidential nature of the questions and the large size of the questionnaire. According to the answers we can see, that among the interviewed leaders are common the use of timemanagement applications, task-lists (with task prioritization) and accordingly, the next day’s activities are planned in the evenings. Correlated with the supervision of corporate processes, quality management systems, decision making systems and connection with employees (eg: site visits and daily meetings) receive a special attention. In the basic research we developed 3 clusters: “uncertain empathic”, “experienced strategist” and “ambitious purposeful”. Among them the members of the last cluster performed excellently based on their daily work practices and daily leadership habits. 86.36% of the organizations they lead are profitable and growing at a balanced rate (5% growth rate per year). If we look for the human factors behind the outstanding organizational effectiveness, the components of excellence, presumably this cluster offers solutions.

  hu

  41

• Sport, nonprofit and civil organisations: The investigation of employment and volunteering in Hungary and in Romania

  90-101

  Krisztina Dajnoki

  György Norbert Szabados

  Zoltán Bács

  Éva Bácsné Bába

  Péter Miklós Kőmíves

  Views:

  76

  The civil organisations started to appear more often around the local regime changes in Hungary and Romania. Most of these civil organisations aimed to perform different tasks in culture, sports or other public purposes. At the same period in the two named countries, Hungary and Romania, a significant change began in employment. Before the regime changes in the two countries, the most important actor on the employer's side was the state itself. However, after 1989, private companies started to employ more employees and play a greater role in the labour market. At the same time, several civil organisations appeared on the local labour markets that could employ people. However, some of these organisations employed a few volunteer employees who covered most of the activities related to the organisational aims of these organisations. Volunteerism became more popular in Hungary and Romania as well. Volunteering is widespread in sport-focused civil organisations in connection with organising smaller or major sporting events. The study aims to explore the employment characteristics of the sectors concerned in the context of volunteering, particularly the study of non-profit and nongovernmental organisations active in the field of sport and measurable volunteering in the field of sport. Based on the hypothesis test results, it can be concluded that due to the different political past, there was indeed some delay in developing the civil sphere in Romania. In the case of both Hungary and Romania, the role of voluntary work is significant. In sports, the role of volunteers has become unavoidable in connection with the operation of various sports associations and sports clubs and the organisation of large sports events.

  hu

  37

• Examination of the organizational structure and the management functions of state-accredited football academies

  102-111

  Zoltán Szalánczi

  Views:

  171

  My research was aimed to investigate the organizational structure and the management functions of the state-accredited football academies in Hungary. The relenvance of this topic is given by the high amount of money flowing in to this sector, and the changes in the onganizational background. With the development of football, the clubs are working yet as companies, and this organistional frame requires a well planned structure. In my research I analized the operation of these organisations as companies, and I tried to answer the suggested questions about structure and leadership, with a comparative analysis of the academies highlighted by the national federation. I revealed what are the organizational problems faced by the academies, and which directions they have to follow to develop their companies, to ensure the safe, and long term operation. I choosed 3 from the 10 state-accredited academies to analyse their structure. The chosen clubs were the Várda Sport Egyesület, the Vasas Kubala Akadémia, and the Győri ETO FC youth base. It was important for me to represent an academy from each part of Hungary, to have the possibility to see some regional specialities. Through my study I investigated the responsibilities of the academy directors to see which were the key areas they had to enchance in their companies, and to define the differences in each organization. It was also my goal to reveal these differences have benefists or disadvantages for the operation. My main goal was to locate critical success factors needed for the modern, and proper operation. The research revealed that the three academies examined follow the traditional linear, functional organizational structure, but there are also differences in the definition of jobs and in the operation of the company. These differences are largely to be found in the local identity and the still ongoing development of the organizational background.

  hu

  84

• Analysis of the development of the Hungarian Football League through the player market

  112-120

  Renátó Balogh

  Éva Bácsné Bába

  Views:

  113

  Hungarian football has developed significantly since 2010, based on the state of the infrastructure or the number of footballers. As a result of the success of sports in recent years, we have been asked whether this positive change has also happened in the case of the football league. Document analysis was applied in the research, thus statistics from transfermarkt site were collected and processed. Based on this, we compared the OTP Bank League with the Czech Fortuna League. Based on the research results the Hungarian football league has gone a significant change in recent years, but it is still not among the top 30 European leagues. We can see negative trends, whether we look at the rate of foreign players or the transfer balance in recent seasons. In conclusion, we cannot talk about its general development in the case of the Hungarian football league, the club's success is mainly due to the higher quality and market value of foreign players.

  hu

  71

• The effect of social media on media consumption and the advertising market

  121-132

  Magdolna Valentina Kardos

  Tímea Gál

  Views:

  251

  Social media has become an integral part of our daily life and has completely transformed our society. While it had a social function at the beginning, it has had an increasing economic potential from the early 2010s. Our research objective was to explore the economic and social effects of social media on our society. Document analysis was applied in the research, thus relevant publications and studies were collected and processed. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that in recent years the time spent with online media consumption has increased dynamically for all generations, both globally and in Hungary. The advertising market rearranged fundamentally due to the change of media consumption, the revenue of the printed media decreased steeply while the online media increased exponentially since the economic crisis of 2008 in particular with social media. Concerns of data protection and significant tax debt came up in the last couple years despite of the social websites. Based on this fact, by establishing equal competition on the media market, the fulfilment of the tax payment and the observance of data protection rules have become reasonable for the state to take stricter actions against the global technology companies.

  hu

  156

• Sustainment of local public transport

  133-142

  Szabolcs Tóth

  Views:

  56

  Nowadays with cities becoming more crowded the growing ratio of public transport users is a highly important measure in the protection of our environment and the reduction of air pollution. This generates the approach that the service should become more and more user friendly, which assumes the aim of providing easy and flexible access to public transport, as an alternative in comparison with other individual travel options.The transport service fees paid by the public transport passengers by itself does not enable the service to be sustainable, because prices cannot be raised above a certain level due to the price sensitivity factor of consumers and alternative transportation solutions. In Hungary, just as in other countries of the world, the sustainability of public transportation requires a variable ratio of financial support. In order to keep the service maintainable, the support of the local governments and national governments are both essential, although the ratio can significantly differ in the Hungarian cities.

  hu

  33