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The Relationship Between Psychoactive Substance Users and Animals
Views:29The purpose of the study is to present the wide-ranging relationship between psychoactive drug use and animal welfare based on a literature review. The relationship between drug users and animals is on the one hand under-researched, and on the other hand there are no developed protocols regarding the issue, even though the issue has significant human health and animal welfare effects. There is little awareness of how the positive health and psychological effects of animal keeping could be properly applied to the recovery of people suffering from addiction. There are encouraging initiatives, but there is a lack of a systemic approach to the issue from the side of academic life, professionals and the state, from the protocols, and from the training of people in the helping professions. In Hungary, both psychoactive drug consumption and animal keeping have a detailed and developed legal background, however, the mapping of their connections is still pending. While the literature focuses more on the aggressive actions that addicts may be prone to, practitioners tend to emphasize the supportive force that a companion animal can provide in recovery. In light of all of this, further studies on the subject are recommended, and it would be worthwhile to consider the systematic, more consistent and conscious integration of the use of animals at the legislative level and into some therapeutic protocols.
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Advertising Bans in the Internal Market: Limits of State Competence on the Example of the Advertising Ban on Foreign Gambling in Hungary
12-23Views:260Die ungarischen Werbebeschränkungen für Glücksspiel-Dienstleistungen aus anderen Mitgliedstaaten der EU sind nicht mit den Vorgaben aus dem Unionsrecht vereinbar und können daher aufgrund des Vorrangs des Unionsrechts den Werbenden nicht entgegengehalten werden, die sich auf die Freiheit der Dienstleistungserbringung nach Art. 56 AEUV berufen können. Entsprechend der ständigen Rechtsprechung des EuGH erstreckt sich die Vorrangwirkung auch auf Strafbestimmungen, die an unionsrechtswidrige Normen anknüpfen. Die Unanwendbarkeit der unionsrechtswidrigen Bestimmungen bezieht sich nicht nur auf den in einem anderen Mitgliedstaat ansässigen Dienstleistungserbringer, sondern auch auf die inländischen Werbepartner.
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Limits of Environmental Liability: Summary of the Guest Editor
189-198Views:207This summary is an attempt to demonstrate that despite all the differences in how limits of environmental liability are perceived by the authors of this special issue due to different approaches to environmental liability, a common framework can nevertheless be drawn encompassing them all. Each article of the special issue elaborates some of the aspects of the concept of environmental liability. Despite the differences in the evaluation and assessment by the authors of the role of stakeholders and of the facts having an impact on the concept of environmental liability, it is shown that all of them are analysing the very same subject. The apparent differences are due to the different contexts in which environmental liability is examined and evaluated. Thus, the summary underlines that there is a need for system thinking related to environmental liability.
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Censorship as a Tool Against State Disinformation: Media Freedom Implications of the Russian-Ukrainian War
Views:138Disinformation campaigns originating from Russia have been frequently debated in recent years. Disinformation also plays a major role in the Russian–Ukrainian war that started in February 2022. The issue has been on the agenda in the European Union in recent years, so it is not surprising that among the many sanctions the EU introduced against Russia, action against disinformation was also added. This paper sets out to describe the previously unprecedented ban on Russian media service providers, including the problems the provision creates for freedom of expression. In particular, it will examine the content of the Decision and the Regulation, which prohibited the distribution of the Russian media outlets concerned and the consequences of the EU legislation. It will then go on to critically analyse the provisions from the perspective of freedom of expression, and finally, the relevant judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
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Legal Regulation and Practice of the Non-Material Indemnification and Rehabilitation in the United Kingdom
165-183Views:150The article analyzes the specialties of the English legal system with a focus on the legal regulation and court practice of tort law, and especially the non material indemnification and rehabilitation of the bodily injured. The study starts with the description of the main characteristics of the tort law, the definition and jurisprudence of non material damages, like pain and suffering and loss of amenity and psychological damages are also reviewed in detail with respective court cases. The study also gives an analysis of the connection between tort law and insurance law, how one effects the other. Nowadays the indemnification process of the bodily injured cannot be full without rehabilitation. Like in most of the Western European countries, in the United Kingdom the rehabilitation process is a complex and centrally managed procedure with the help of state institutions and programs.
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Environmental Mediation in Germany
60-77Views:154It has always been a difficult question for the State to ensure effective decision-making processes for instances where public participation is considered to be a requirement. This question might be even more essential when it comes to disputes concerning large-scale projects with environmental impact. When the public is affected by such project, the contractor must be really prudent, otherwise high number of litigation may be initiated afterwards. The very special form of mediation, the so-called environmental mediation may offer a solution to this problem, by allowing all participants to meet and discuss every crucial issues related to projects described above. It is also important to emphasize that not the same requirements apply to environmental mediation and to other civil law related mediation procedures. The aim of environmental mediation would not be less than to improve the quality of public bodies’ decisions.
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The Constitutional Obstacles before the Promulgation of the Rome Statute
45-59Views:368July 17, 1998, can be considered as one of the most important milestones of the international judicial structure: it is the day when the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court was adopted by 120 states out of 148. Article 86 of Statute explicitly states that „States Parties shall […] cooperate fully with the Court in its investigation and prosecution of crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court.” As in the case of every international treaty, the principle of pacta sunt servanda enshrined in Article 26 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties states applies, which explicitly states that “every treaty in force is binding upon the parties to it and must be performed by them in good faith.” As has been pointed out by the Permanent Court of International Justice, contracting states must make all the necessary internal measures which are required to fulfil its international obligations rising from a binding treaty. One could ask, why is this quite obvious argument important in the case of Hungary? Well, Hungary has ratified the Statute but still has not implemented it in its internal legislation. This can be considered as a serious constitutional omission, since if the Court would require the cooperation of Hungary – e.g. in the case of an arrest warrant – and it would not be able to fulfil it because of the lack of the internal legal norms, it would be considered as international legal responsibility of Hungary. In this article, I try to explore the reasons behind this omission and outline the possible solutions.