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• MAKING OBSERVATIONS - HUNGARIAN TRANSLATION

  47-50

  Kathy Brodie

  Bálint Attila Farkas

  Views:

  111

  The text is the translation from Kathy Brodie’s, an early years consultant’s, paper (2014) about observing children. The paper lists several ways of observing children and also discusses choosing the right method.

• SPORTING MOTIVATIONS OF STUDENTS WHO LIVE WITH DISABILITIES, IN THE LIGHT OF A REGIONAL RESEARCH

  35-44

  Nóra Laoues-Czimbalmos

  Views:

  279

  Among the sports motivations of children, victory occupies a very special place, success, achievement, the need to recognize performance, which predominantly expresses extrinsic orientation (Duda et al., 1992). Studies examining sports motivational factors for people with disabilities do not provide such a comprehensive system as research on intact sports. Thus, the survey of exercise habits and sports motivation factors that determine the quality of life of people with disabilities can be said to be a deficit area both domestically and internationally. The research examines the sports motivation factors of the 8-18 age group (n = 1158) and reports the results of primary research. I present the adaptation of the questionnaire conducted among the Hungarian disabled population to a child sample and its results. No such survey has yet been conducted in Hungary among children with disabilities. In the questionnaire research, the sports habits of young people with disabilities and the emergence of the role of health awareness in sports motivation. I process the data with the help of SPSS software, in addition to the basic statistics, I use the Chi2 test to examine the correlations.

• INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IMPLEMENTED IN THE FORM OF EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES: CASE STUDY

  35-46

  Grzegorz Godawa

  Paulina Rzewucka

  Views:

  209

  The aim of inclusive education is to adapt educational requirements, educational organization and learning conditions to the needs and capabilities of each pupil in a multifaceted way. Inclusive education is implemented by the educational systems of the European Union Member States. In Poland its history began in the 1990s. Many activities are currently being undertaken to create the best possible conditions for the development of the potential of each pupil. The school environment in cooperation with the family is responsible for taking all possible measures to eliminate barriers which prevent the child from being given proper education. In particular, this task is related to the care for a child with disabilities.  In the Polish educational system, there are many forms of implementing the postulate of inclusive education. It is worth emphasizing the activity of day-care centres which provide extra-curricular education for children. The school day-care centre is a place where inclusive education is a daily practice. The article presents a case study of the activity of a day-care centre in one of the schools with inclusive classes in Krakow. The description of the day-care centre functioning made it possible to present the diversity of activities undertaken in it. The data was extended by referring to the opinions of parents and children.

• RESEARCH OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN GENDER RATIOS AND CHOICES BASED ON FELLOW FEELING IN CLASSES INTEGRATING MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY CHILDREN

  51-66

  Erika Herbainé Szekeres

  Ágota Szekeres

  Views:

  127

  In our study, the main focus has been on class communities integrating children with mild intellectual disabilities. The sample examined involved four classes, each consisting of 20 students, two of which had more boys than girls, and one had an integrated boy, while the other had an integrated girl. In the other two communities, girls were the majority, with one boy and one girl integrated in them respectively. Our aim was to observe the correlation of gender proportions and the choices of likes and dislikes. Therefore a quality-focused analysis has been performed. Sociometry has been applied as a method and data analysis has been carried out by the Smetry software. Among our results we would like to highlight that the non-reciprocal choices of likes and dislikes are more frequent in between the same gender and the need to connect with a classmate of the same or „similar” sociometric status has been realized among the students several times. The relevancy of our last supposition – that within the classes with a female majority the status of girls is worse especially if they are integrated – has been proven by striking results. The sociometric status of girls has been the least favorable in classes where the majority and the integrated student are also girls.

• PLAY THERAPY FOR INFANTS AND TODDLERS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE AREA OF EARLY INTERVENTION AND CARE

  125-132

  Mónika Erdős

  Views:

  502

  The experts of early development working in the Hajdú-Bihar County Educational Service worked out new therapy for the damaged babies, young children, and their families while taking the local factors and resources into consideration. This therapy strongly fits the family-oriented approach and the coordinated, integrated provider model of early childhood intervention. The tool for this is play therapy, which is the most important element of the development of damaged children. The program is based on the healing play therapy designed by Tunyogi (2019). We added some elements of the Step By Step preschool program to the therapy, and for the design of the environment and conditions, we used the Work-Fun-Development concept of Schaffer (1988) Parts of the intensive, group play therapy: sensorimotor program, the differentiated stimulation therapy of the senses, the increase of learning abilities, a staged environment. This year, new elements and therapeutic tools have been added to the program, like the Points of You^TM phototherapy method for parents, as well as dog therapy and baby massage for the little ones.

• APPLICATION OF ANIMAL ASSISTANCE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN FACULTY OF EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN AND SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS

  119-126

  Antal Lovas Kiss

  Views:

  48

  Animal assistance used among university students is not unknown, numerous foreign examples prove its valid existence. The application aimed at university students appeared in the United States of America, but nowadays it is used in many countries around the world. The emergence of assistance dogs in higher education is related to the scientific interest aimed at discovering and measuring the causes of the positive effects experienced during the use of assistance animals. Simultaneously with the introduction of animal assistance training at the University of Debrecen Faculty of Education for Children and Special Educational Needs, the university student sensitization program began in 2021, within the framework of which students can meet the assistance dog serving on the university campus on a daily basis. The first university student sensitizer dog of the country has a multifaceted task, it not only performs tasks in the field of animal-assisted activity but also fulfills a socialization role with its presence, helping many to rethink their ideas about keeping animals. The study presents this socialization program.

• COOPERATION VS. COMPETITION. APPROACHES ON THE INCLUSION OF CHILDREN WITH SEN

  25-33

  Nicoleta Ramona Ciobanu

  Karla Melinda Barth

  Maria Cristina Florescu

  Views:

  266

  Solving learning tasks, among students, is usually done in the context of an interaction based on competition or cooperation. Either of the two types of interaction - cooperation and competition - has different effects in terms of the students' mutual attitudes, the degree of involvement, and the degree of participation in the performance of school tasks and individual school performance. The success of the school inclusion of students with SEN implies the cooperation between all the factors involved in this process. Special education is a part of the Romanian education system and should support educational programs for pupils with SEN suitable for their harmonious development. We started in our research from the application of a questionnaire to which teachers from Bihor County responded. If, in the preceding article, this working instrument was applied to a number of 163 teachers from mass education, to mixed classes that had in their composition and children with special educational requirements, in this article we extract the data that we have collected from to a number of 63 teachers in special education. The questionnaire comprises a total of 46 items referring to the atmosphere of cooperation and competition and comprises two parts. The first part includes questions regarding seniority in work, educational grade, age, number of the group of students they work with, etc.

   

   

   

• FIRST-GENERATION YOUNG PEOPLE'S CHANCES OF OBTAINING A DEGREE BASED ON A LARGE SAMPLE ANALYSIS

  17-30

  Veronika Bocsi

  Views:

  97

  Thy system of higher education can be analysed from the aspects of inequalities. The chance of attendance, the achievement, the phenomenon of drop-out, and types of training programs are approached from the students’ social background. Our analysis focuses on the chance of graduation of first-in-family people. The relatively rigid feature of Hungarian society and the lower mobility rate create a specific background for our research. Hungarian Youth Survey 2016 and 2020 databases were used during this analysis and we separated the subsample of young people between 25 and 29 (N²⁰¹⁶= 2906, N²⁰²⁰=2874). We try to discover the patterns of parents’ educational reproduction, describe the features of first-in-family people, and identify those factors which can form the chance of graduation. A binary regression model was run by us in which the dependent variable was the obtaining of a degree and the list of independent variables contained socio-demographic variables (sex, type of settlement, the economic situation of the region, economic situation, parental educational level, the type of parental profession), different life events (crises, the number of children, etc.) and the identification with the parental lifestyle. With these results, we can identify such an intersectional life situation (being a woman, habitation in cities, more favourable economic situation, mother’s white collar work, medium parental educational level, without children) in which the chance of graduation is higher.

• STRUCTURES OF DATABASES FOR IMPACT STUDIES OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN A FREE STATISTICAL SOFTWARE: IN THE SOFTWARE ’R’

  37-47

  Kálmán Abari

  Ferenc Mező

  Katalin Mező

  János Máth

  Views:

  142

  In order to carry out effectiveness study of the development programs (e.g. education, children with special needs) based on mathematical-statistical methods, the following factors are important: 1) you need some basic mathematical definitions (Math et all., 2015), 2) a statistical software (e.g.: the ’R’) at a reasonable price, 3) some experience in working with this software. The ’R’ is free downloadable software (that can be applied in mathematical-statistical calculations too) which can be a very useful instrument of research of children who need special treatment. This paper provides a practical solution in connection with the last two factors and introduces language ’R’ and its possibilities.

• Theory of the Diversity of Alternative Music Pedagogy Methods

  67-75

  Borbála Tamásiné Dsupin

  Views:

  15

  Our music education is based on the concept of Zoltán Kodály and the methodological guidance of Katalin Forrai in early childhood, which is an indispensable foundation and support for Hungarian music education. The method uses fundamental values to develop children's musical skills and abilities. At about the same time, music teachers throughout Europe were engaged in reforming the structure and methodological tools of music teaching. Among these music teachers, I would like to highlight the pedagogy of Dalcrose, Orff, Willems and Freinet, who successfully applied early childhood music education and the development of children with special educational needs in their programmes. Based on their pedagogy and methods, they agreed on the following principles: musical education should start as early as possible, continuous musical activity (singing, rhythm, listening, movement, improvisation, instrument, listening) should be given priority, and in addition to age-specific characteristics, adequate emphasis should be given to individual talents, since the uneven development of psychic abilities can lead to differences in levels within a single age group over several years. Music can develop empathy and social skills. Through rhythms and harmonies, the development of large and fine movements can be achieved. It is beneficial for thinking, creativity, self-expression and the development of the sense of self. Music improves well-being, concentration and actively helps to develop attention. It leads to openness and flexibility. It also has a powerful effect on speech, imagination and improvisation skills. That is why we can use music for healing and developmental purposes. There is a long line of research that proves that the earlier in life you start to develop, develop or correct your personality through music, the earlier you should start.

• CHANGING OF CHOICES OF DAY-NURSERY AND FAMILY CARE AMONG THE YEARS 2006-2016

  19-28

  Ferenc Mező

  Katalin Mező

  Views:

  254

  The aim of this study is to explore the correlations between the number of day-nurseries (n = 543-755) and family daycare (n = 60-1195) operating between 2006 and 2016, as well as the number of children (n = 1313960). The study used secondary data collection (data made public by the Central Statistical Office) to prepare for data analysis. Our results show strong rank correlations (r_s >0,9; p ≤ 0,05) among the years and the number of day-nurseries and family daycares, and the number of children enrolled in these.

• DEVELOPMENTAL METHODS AND IDEAS FOR PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

  95-104

  Borbála Babos

  Views:

  490

  The developer educators’ job is not a simple one, children of different ages and various problems are to be treated. This short study may help you to have an idea regarding applicable methods using your own creativity, and it recommends a few available games and books. The introspection motivates the educator to train himself to be able to know certain methods more deeply.

• THE PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIMENT OF MONTESSORI-CONDUCTIVE EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE 2000-2003

  11-23

  Katalin Czigléné Farkas

  Views:

  305

  The researchers call Montessori's pedagogy developer or development pedagogy. In the past decade, in Hungary, it appeared as a development pedagogy in the pedagogical practice. The conductive education is a special, complex pedagogical method [6] because it takes into consideration special educational needs in planning and implementation. We can view Mária Montessori's method as a development pedagogical method because it's suitable for children with special educational needs. Her pedagogical work began with children with intellectual disabilities. The Montessori development method has not yet occurred in conductive education. With our research, we wanted to broaden the use of the Montessori method in the practice of special education and development pedagogy. We wanted to confirm the similarity and difference of the holistic approach of the two doctor-pedagogues. It's explicable with Pető's holistic approach, why didn't entrust the development of perception, speech, motion, and communication difficulties to people working in different places and time. We introduced the Montessori conductive educational practice experimentally in the semesters of 2000-2003 and 2007-2008, in accordance with the student's college education. The purpose of the program was to demonstrate the practical application of the elements of the two methods and their coordinated operation.

• Review of book of "Movement therapies for children" by Zsuzsanna Papp

  105-107

  Márta Nagyné Klujber

  Views:

  17

  Review of book of "Movement therapies for children" by Zsuzsanna Papp.

• INVITATION TO THE 9TH 'SPECIAL TREATMENT’ INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE

  159-161

  Editorial Board of Special Treatment Journal

  Views:

  115

  On behalf of the Institute of Special Education of the Faculty of Education for Children and Special Educational Needs of the University of Debrecen (Hungary) and the Editorial Board of the Journal of Special Treatment [Különleges Bánásmód] (Debrecen) we kindly invite you to 9th ‘Special Treatment’ International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference.

  Date of the conference:  12 April 2024

  Conference venue: University of Debrecen Faculty of Education for Children and Special Educational Needs, 
  
  

• PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD THROUGH MUSIC EDUCATION

  189-196

  Borbála Dsupin

  Views:

  292

  The study focuses on a small but important segment of Hungarian culture, the musical education of children aged 3-7. Its central theme is to examine how the adaptation of folk games and related movements can be one of the most complex developmental forces in the personality development of this age group. This is because this period is fundamental in terms of cultural transmission and plays an integrative role in aesthetic education. As the pre-school child develops musically, his or her memory, imagination, associative abilities, creativity, attention and interest are constantly being developed through joyful activity, since his or her movements in connection with folk play are not yet guided and determined by the meaning and content of the text, but by the melody and its rhythm and the spontaneous feeling of joy associated with them. The role of musical education, and within it of folk games, is also evident in the process of emotional education, socialisation, intellectual development and language development. The links examined and presented demonstrate that folk games help children to develop skills that will enable them to become school-ready and to continue to develop in adult life.

• INVISIBLE LINES, INVISIBLE LIVES; EDUCATION OF AFGHAN MIGRANT CHILDREN AND THEIR FUTURE WITHIN IRAN’S BORDER

  91-108

  Mozhdeh Taherizadeh

  Views:

  190

  During the Soviet Union occupation of Afghanistan, the Taliban insurgency within this country’s borders, and a subsequent war with the USA, people inhabiting this land were forced to leave their country to cross the neighbouring borders with the Islamic Republic of Iran. Exploring their right place in Iran’s society resulted in the residency of approximately 3.000.000 of them, which has yielded both constructive and at the same time disturbing economic and educational experiences for both nations. Cultural similarities and deviations, in some cases mutual language, and common religion have been presented as the underlying reasons for integration opportunities and also challenges. This study explains how the trends for delivering education to Afghans in Iran have fluctuated so far, yet been remarkably more efficient than their departure point. The educational future of the second, third, and even fourth generation of Afghans in Iran has become a big question with regard to the economic status and political relations of the two countries. What this study manifests is the need to recognize and fill the gaps in the education of Afghans. This goal will be achieved through a review of human rights opposing geographical determinism, illiteracy, and mistaking prejudice and excessive behaviours in the host country.

• DEVELOPING MOTIVATION IN A DIFFERENTIATED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN AGED 10-14

  67-78

  Erzsébet Lestyán

  Ágota Szabóné Balogh

  Views:

  109

  Students’ effective motivation is an important requirement from modern education. The main objective of the survey is to examine the motivation of 10–14-year-old students participating in differentiated development. We hypothesize that the motivation to maintain high levels of employment differentiation promotes more efficient and effective knowledge acquirement. Sample: 5-8 classes, examining a total of 354 (177 experimental and 177 control group) students. Method: Using the longitudinal method I followed up how the motivation of students brought under a pilot group and developed in a differentiated way is changing for four academic years. I also measured the motivation of a control group where no differentiated development was carried out. The motivation was measured by the Kozéki-Entwistle learning motivation questionnaire. Results: Results show that in the pilot group there was a considerable positive change in all the three important motive groups (follower, inquirer, performer), while the control group did not produce the same. The efficient learning was advanced considerably by the high level of motivation in the pilot group. Discussion: Differentiated development has got a positive impact on learning motivation.

• EFFECT OF SPORT ON SELF-ESTEEM, ANXIETY AND COPING OF EARLY ADOLESCENTS

  43-56

  Karolina Eszter Kovács

  Beáta Erika Nagy

  Views:

  344

  This paper is about the effect of sport participation on self-esteem, anxiety, psychological immune system, and achievement motivation among early adolescents. Sample: 47 athletes (handballers) and 46 non-athletes boys took part in this research (age: 11-13 years). Methods: Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1984), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI, Spielberg, 1973), Achievement Motivation Scale (Tóth, 2005) and Psychological Immune System Inventory Junior (PIK-J, Oláh, 2005). Results: sport increases self-esteem and coping, decreases anxiety and achievement motivation. Furthermore, these factors are not independent so positive changes in one field cause positive changes in others as well.

• FROM STUDENTS' PEN: EXPERIENCES OF STUDY-TOURS OF ERASMUS + AND CAMPUS MUNDI

  67-84

  Kitti Aranyosi

  Views:

  80

  The paper is written by Social Pedagogy, Infant and Early Childhood Educator or Early Childhood Education BA students of the Faculty of Education for Children and Special Education of the University of Debrecen who took part in Erasmus+ and/or Campus Mundi mobility programs (study or traineeship) between 2014 and 2017. The students give a brief summary of their positive and negative experiences as well in Barcelona (Spain), Tallinn (Estonia), Is-Swatar (Malta), Plymouth (United Kingdom), Cluj  Napoca, and Oradea (Romania), and Wrasowice (Poland).

• SPATIAL APPROACH DEVELOPMENT IN MATHEMATICS CLASSES AMONG CHILDREN 11-12 YEARS OLD

  77-83

  Zsuzsa Nagy Lehocky

  Tibor Szabó

  Views:

  128

  The development of the spatial approach of schoolchildren is an important task of the educational process, especially the practical application of the acquired competencies in real life. In the study, we briefly present the developmental tasks used in our project focusing on the development of spatial perspectives for 11-12-year-old students, which were implemented in mathematics lessons. Students solved tasks that focused on problem solving with 2D and 3D objects, analyzing these situations and manipulating with objects.

• HUNGARIAN YOUNG PEOPLE’S FREE TIME ACTIVITIES IN VOJVODINA

  95-99

  Éva Borsos

  Rita Horák

  Views:

  155

  Nowadays the lifestyle of most people is characterised by improper food intake and by a sedentary lifestyle. Especially in childhood, great attention should be paid to this, because children’s habits can be formed at this age and for their development, it is very important to eat properly and healthy and to exercise regularly. During the research, elementary school children’s nutritional status was determined and their physical activity was measured using the PAQ-C (physical activity questionnaire) questionnaire. The partial results of the research show that among boys there is more overweight person, even so, they do more sports regularly and they are more active during breaks between classes. Among sports, football is dominant in the case of the boys and basketball is dominant in the case of the girls. The work presented partial results of the research carried out during the Vojvodina provincial project 142-451-2637/2019-01.

• A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE THERAPEUTIC ROLE OF CHILDREN'S FOLK SONGS

  75-81

  Loredana Muntean

  Views:

  161

  Starting from the idea that treating a problem is done more efficiently when we address the causes that generated it than when dealing with symptoms, respectively from theories that claim that most of the mental disorders have their roots in the mother-child relationship developed in the early childhood, through the paper entitled A Theoretical Perspective on the Therapeutic Role of Children's Folk Songs we intend to argue the more use of songs from children's folklore in music therapy. Thus, in the first part of the paper, we bring to the attention of the main theories that demonstrate the importance of the mother-child relationship from the early childhood in order to a healthy evolution of the child from the point of view of its psychic development, with special emphasis on their expression through vocal singing. In the second part of the study, we propose to approach the defense mechanisms from the perspective of the positive functions that it performs in the case of normal persons, as a defense mechanism and defense behavior. In the third part of the paper, we present an analysis of the repertoire of songs from the children's folklore from the perspective of the content of ideas, of the structure of the melodic line, of the specific rhythms, as a mirror of the relationships that children develop with themselves and with others, in particular with my mother. In the fourth part of the paper, we argue the use of songs from children's folklore in music therapy in order to trigger certain memories from the first childhood so that the traumas that have not been overcome are then treated properly. The paper concludes with some final considerations.

• TEACHERS OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS: WHERE WE ARE COMING FROM AND WHERE WE ARE GOING TO?

  25-40

  Roland Hegedűs

  Views:

  148

  In this article, we focus on special educational needs teacher training, geographical differences, and labor market features. Sources are the admission database of 2014, n = 965), and the Hungarian Graduate Tracking System (HGTS) of 2012 and 2013; n = 567). Result: the situation of special education teachers is very good in the labor market, they are very successful because their unemployment rate is lower than average, and their job is in connection with their university studies.

• THE MOTIVATING EFFECT OF THE FLOW EXPERIENCE IN THE COURSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AT THE SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS WITH CP, INSIDE ECO-SCHOOL FRAMEWORKS

  103-107

  Gizella Bacsó

  Views:

  200

  According to today's social norms, within the framework of an eco-school, our aim is to educate students who can recognize environmental hazards and are able to prevent the deepening of the environmental crisis. We have assumed that the possibilities of environmental education outside the classroom can be integrated into the complex system of conductive education, even for children with special needs. I would like to highlight those activities that trigger the flow experience for our students, helping create an internal motivation for all activities that serve the interests of environmental education. The changes also show in the increased number of such programs. Even though we are a segregated school, environmental education is still very decisive in our institution and we try to convey this view outside our walls.