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Orchids of poplar plantations – a review
102–117Views:726179There are literature data on the occurrence of 26 orchid species and 2 hybrids in economic poplar plantations from 13 European countries. The occurrence of 4 additional species in poplar plantations in 3 countries is proved by sources on the World Wide Web. The most widespread orchids in the poplar plantations are the rhizomatous, partial myco-heterotroph Cephalanthera and Epipactis species. Their importance is enhanced by the fact that most of the known populations of some species with a relatively narrow distribution range (Epipactis bugacensis, E. campeadorii, E. fibri, E. tallosii, E. zaupolensis) are known in poplar plantations. Cultivated poplar monocultures are likely to provide habitat for further orchids in other countries too. Most of the published papers are limited to floristic data from a single or a few plantations. Longer-term observations are only available from Poland, thanks to the work of W. Adamowski, and these suggest that populations may persist for decades and even increase dynamically. The size of orchid populations in some cases can reach thousands or even hundreds of thousands of individuals. Orchids can appear earliest in (4–)7–8 years old plantations. Very little is known about how the cultivation, structure, soil conditions and the poplar cultivars influence the presence of orchids. Mycorrhizal interactions of poplars and orchids may play a key role in this process, but the available knowledge is very limited. Furthermore, little is known about how the economic use of plantations can be reconciled with the long-term maintenance of orchid populations.
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Distribution of Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler in the Southern Nyírség (E Hungary)
188-196Views:164This study presents the current distribution of narrow small-reed (Calamagrostis stricta (Timm) Koeler) in the southern part of Nyírség (E Hungary). Beyond the efforts to confirm previously known occurrences, a high number of potential habitats were surveyed. Field work was carried out from late autumn to early spring taking advantage of the better perceptibility of dry foliage. The species was detected in 43 localities inside the boundary of 15 settlements, which considerably exceeded our expectations. Although most of the populations were quite small, in some cases their extent reached over 1000 m². Populations around the settlements of Penészlek, Fülöp and Nyírábrány were the most frequent and the largest in size. The endangered status of the species is caused by the insufficient water supply of suitable habitats in the region. Besides habitat change, desiccation can also amplify the effect of anthropogenic disturbances (e.g. ploughing, fishpond development), which poses a further threat to populations.
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Hungarian localities of Himantoglossum adriaticum and its land-use history
84–94Views:185Himantoglossum adriaticum H. Baumann is a Natura 2000, CITES species and strictly protected plant in Hungary. During my field work (1992–2016) I realized some similarities in the characteristics of the habitats where the plant grows, so I wanted to know the land use history of the areas in question. The H. adriaticum population of Keszthely Hills was studied the longest time. There were annually 7–78 inflorescences between 1992–2016. Recently two further localities were found in Keszthely Hills. They grow in the edges of grasses used earlier as pasture, minor roadside verges and nearby abandoned vineyards. The largest population can be found in Sümeg region, majority of the individuals are along a paved road. Among the estimated 1000–2000 individuals 10 (2012) to 214 (2014) flowered. In Kőszeg, the lizard orchid grows in abandoned vineyards and in old traditional orchards. The maximum number of inflorescences was 165 (2016). In Bakony Hills its habitats are vineyards and orchards abandoned approximately 50 years ago. The size of H. adriaticum population here is nearly the same as in the Keszthely Hills. Four out of the five populations are growing on sites used as vineyard or orchard already in the years of the First Military Survey. The only exception is the population of Sümeg region. Every habitat is threatened by spontaneous forestation, but the species is able to find new habitats, so we do not worry about the drastic decline of the individuals in Hungary.
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Monitoring of the Apium repens population near Császártöltés (2006–2015)
1–8Views:186Detailed botanical surveys were carried out to monitor the population size of Apium repens in the Vörös-mocsár nature protection area (located in S Hungary, Császártöltés). We found a clear correlation between the water status and the land use type and management of the habitats and the size of the Apium repens population. Apium repens is a Nanocyperion-species, which simultaneously requires wet and open surfaces. Its population shrinks, becomes latent or disappears if its habitat dries out or any other radical transformation happens, like too much leaf litter, closure of the vegetation, or succession on the open peat surfaces. Proper management (water retention, extensive grazing, mowing, open peat surface) has a very positive effect on the populations in a short time, even within a growing season. The research was implemented within the framework of the National Biodiversity Monitoring System, in cooperation with the Kiskunság National Park Directorate.
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Results of the Vincetoxicum pannonicum population survey (2001–2019)
9–18Views:1016The Pannonian swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum pannonicum (Borhidi) Holub) is endemic to the Pannonian biogeographical region, occurring only in the Buda and Villány Mts in Hungary. Current distribution and population size of this rare plant species is surveyed. The species is recorded from the following localities: Budajenő: Községi erdő, Budaörs: Szekrényes, Kő-hegy, Odvas-hegy, Szállás-hegy, Út-hegy, Páty: Fekete-hegyek; Nagyharsány: Szársomlyó. According to our research, the total number of individuals is around 3550. The largest populations were found at Községi erdő (Budajenő), Szállás-hegy (Budaörs) and Fekete-hegyek (Páty). In the Villány Hills (Mt Szársomlyó) ca 50 specimens were counted. The peak flowering period of Vincetoxicum pannonicum was observed between 20th and 29th of May.
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Distribution of Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. in Hungary
212-219Views:117Based on field work data collected in 2013–2014, the authors generated a map of the current distribution of Campylopus introflexus for Hungary. Besides the coordinates and geographic name of the localities, an estimated size of the population, the type of habitat and substrate, the co-occurring moss species and affected vegetation types were also recorded. Altogether, 18 stands were found in 8 geographical regions of Hungary, in some cases Campylopus introflexus was found to be a new species record for the moss flora of the respective region (e.g. Dunántúli-dombság, Nyugatmagyarországi peremvidék). In addition to the pine plantations from where it was detected formerly, the mixed deciduous-coniferous forests, the acidophilous oak woodlands and man-made habitats were found to be also proper habitats for this moss taxon. Earlier data mainly originated from pine deadwood, the recently discovered stands were found on acidic soil surfaces. The most important cooccurring moss species were the followings: Hypnum cupressiforme, Polytrichum piliferum, P. formosum, Pohlia nutans and Ceratodon purpureus. Campylopus introflexus had prominently high coverage in the acidophilous oak forests of the Mecsek Mts, where it occurs on acidic sandstone covered with a thin debris of the bedrock. This neophyte moss is widely distributed in Hungary, and has stable populations. Further expansion is expected in the subatlantic and submountain regions of the country, and in regions characterised by acidic soils and pine plantations.
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Campylopus flexuosus (Hedw.) Brid. in the Western Mecsek Mts. (South Transdanubia, Hungary)
28-37Views:157During a field survey in 2014, new localities of Campylopus flexuosus, were found in humid acidophilous oak and beech forests in the Western part of the Mecsek Mts. As a new element of the Hungarian bryoflora, C. flexuosus was discovered in 2013 in the Bakony Mts by Peter Erzberger and Csaba Németh. The localities of the sometimes extensive stands are enumerated, the size of the populations is estimated and the associated bryophyte and higher plant species are listed. Some morphological differences between C. flexuosus and the similar moss Dicranum flagellare are described and illustrated. Some interesting results of a revision of D. flagellare specimens in BP are compared with the actual distribution of C. flexuosus and lead to the conclusion that this species can be treated as a potentially expansive moss in humid acidophilous forests of the Mecsek Mts.