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The Initiation Ceremonies of the Hungarian Royal University of debrecen -23 october 1918.
111-124Views:163Initiation Ceremonies of the Hungarian Royal University of Debrecen – 23 October 1918. The last Hungarian king, Charles IV on the 23rd October 1918 – some days before the disintegration of the Austrian-
Hungarian Monarchy – visited Debrecen and solemnly, with ceremony, as was customary, officially inaugurated the Hungarian Royal University of Debrecen that was already functioning for four years. The
study – mainly with the reflections of the press and photos of the time – follows the events of the significant day of Debrecen. -
Láng Nándor, az első bölcsész rektor élete és munkássága
32-40Views:92The Life and Work of Nándor Láng, the First Philologist Rector. Nándor Láng, who came from a German family, in the service of the shared goals of a multicultural Hungary prioritized those ideals which asserted the education of an increasing number of sophisticated scholars and scientists as well as elevating domestic science and scholarship to an international level. In the first period of his career, as a secondary-school teacher, he focussed on supporting the promulgation and teaching of classical culture
through his scholarly activity, including the authoring of textbooks. A crucial turning-point in his life occurred when he was invited in 1914 to serve as head of one (Latin) of the departments of Classical Philology of the newly created University of Debrecen. In the academic year of 1916/1917 he was Rector of the university, a service that he fulfilled with a maximum commitment and a truly professional approach. The combination of his professional erudition and human characteristics made him an ideal pedagogue.
He was active in Debrecen until 1932, when he retired, but he continued to carry on significant sholarly activity in the archeology and epigraphy of the Roman period in Pannonia. -
A szegedi Polgári Iskolai Tanárképző Főiskola és a Ferenc József Tudományegyetem együttműködése a tanárképzés szolgálatában (1928–1947)
51 - 65Views:206The Cooperative Framework between the National Civic School Teacher Training College and the Ferenc József University in the Service of Teacher Training (1928–1947). In my study I demonstrate the creative process of the cooperative framework between two institutions of high education in Szeged, the National Civic School Teacher Training College and the Ferenc József University from the very first school year in Szeged in 1928 until the last one in 1947, that is, until a dispute that ended their cooperation. The discussion was aimed at the rate of role of the two institutions in civic school teacher training. My goal is to review the historical background and the method of research and then give answers to the following questions: what stages did the coming about of the cooperation go through? What effect did this collaboration have on the everyday life of the students? How is the dispute about the creation of the framework presented in the most important organ of civic school teachers, Polgári Iskolai Tanáregyesületi Közlöny (Civic School Teachers Association Gazette)?
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A hadiárva és a hadirokkant apával rendelkező hallgatók számának emelkedése az egyetemeken az 1930-as években
133-145Views:101AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF WAR-ORPHAN STUDENTS AND STUDENTS WITH WAR-DISABLED FATHERS AT HUNGARIAN UNIVERSITIES IN THE 1930S. he thematic focus of the present study is a somewhat neglected phenomenon: the sudden rise in the number of war-orphan university students and students with war-disabled fathers in the irst half of the 1930s. During and immediately after World War One institutions of higher education were called upon to accept the enrollment of a large number of veterans who returned from the war with physical injuries and psychic scars: often these ”veterans” were returning war-disabled students. By the beginning of the 1930s the focus of relief of disabled servicemen shifted to those whose father had either died or became war-disabled in the Firsts World War. As early as the academic year of 1929/30 this shift was well discernible, by the 1934/35 academic year, however, there came a steep rise in their relative number. he present study ofers a glimpse at those natural causes and administrative measures that will make it more understandable to sort out the factors at work. It will also ofer an insight into the life and social circumstances of war-orphan students and the ones who had a war-disabled father.
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ALADÁR KETTESY, PROFESSOR OF PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, THE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1949/50.
3-21Views:167Full professor Aladar Kettesy, elected to become rector by the University of Debrecen and confirmed in this position by the Minister of Religion and Education, started on September 1st in 1949 his one year rectorship which could ensure professional developments and preserve traditional values of the institution at a time when the autonomy of the university was severely constrained by a sharply changed political system. In thi difficult historical circumstances he arrived to the university leadership post as a professor of medicine who chaired the ophtalmology clinic for a quarter of a century, represented outstanding professional authority and enjoyed broadly manifested trust in the institution. His internationally recognized clinical and scientific accomplishments of previous as well as later decades, and his fascinating personality made him a legendary figure of the university community.
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A Tiszántúl északi részéről származó diákok egyetemjárása külföldön 1292–1918
45-69Views:120THE UNIVERSITY ATTENDANCE OF STUDENTS ABROAD FROM THE NORTHERN PART OF THE TRANS TISZA REGION 1292–1918. he social and cultural history of the regions cannot be examined without exact information about the school system, the catchment area of the schools and their eiciency in a given region. his analysis includes the examination of the university attandence abroad, especially in case of countries where the university system was established with a delay, therefore university education was a valid option only at international universities. he data relating to Hungarian regions, counties, or cities can be easily obtained from this analysis. he present essay summarizies the university attending practices in the Northern part of the trans Tisza region.
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The ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND UNIVERSITY POLITICS BETWEEN THE TWO WORD WARS
104-122Views:160Although economics education has a history going back to the reign of Maria Theresia and despite the fact that its position has significantly strengthtened by the 20st centruty, the future of the subject has been a bone of contention ever since the 19th century. The majority supported the establishment of an independent University of Economics, however this was only partially materialized in 1920 with foundation of the partiallly independent Faculty of Economics. The faculty struggled with financial and placement-related issues, and the establishment became part of the József Nádor Technical and Economics University in 1934. This redesign involving a number of academic institutions (Technical University; Faculty of Economics; College of Veterinary; and College of Mining and Forestry) seemed to be succesful. Although the global economic recession resulted in the decrease of the number of students studying economics in the 1930s, from the 1940s on student enrollment figures started to sharply increase owing to the economic recovery following the world wars. The Hungarian University of Economics was only opened in 1948, but the nature of the institution changed following the communist takeover, not in line with its original purpose.
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Hungarológiai munkácska államtudományi hangsúlyokkal a 17. század első feléből
147-165Views:96A little work of Hungarology with jurisprudential acc ents from the first half of the 17th century. Wilhelm Artner was the second person from Sopron, who became a jurist doctor in the Early Modern Age and applied his professional knowledge for the benefit of his city and Lutheran church. The present paper gives an outlook of his studies in Tubingen by introducing one of his works created there in detail. First, a draft is presented of the education and professors in the Law Faculty of Tubingen in the first third of the 17th century. Second, the circumstances of the creation and content of the disputation titled „De Regno Hungariae ejusque jure” – which was created with the co-operation of Professor Christoph Besold and Artner – is emphasized. The paper tries to eliminate the erroneous and stereotypical evaluations that have been linked with it throughout the past centuries and now the disputation is viewed as one of the first works of Hungarology.
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A debreceni tudományegyetem hallgatóinak emlékirata az egyetem megcsonkítása ellen (1933)
109-121Views:87The Memorandum of Studentsts againstst the “Mutilation” of the University of Debrecen (1933).Between the two world wars, the Great Depression made a significant impact on higher education in Hungary. At the beginning of 1930s, many articles were published in the national and local press about the plans of the government in connection with the handling of the crisis. These rumours were about the “mutilation” of the universities (closing or merging of the faculties, reduction of the estimation). As in the other university towns, substantial social and political protest began in Debrecen against these plans. Besides the parties, the associations and the Calvinist Church, the university students sent a memorandum to the leaders of the University, the town and the government. This paper includes this document of protest and presents the main (historical, judicial and economic) reasons against the “mutilation.”
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ELTE 375 - Beszámoló az ELTE centenáriumáról
8-12Views:74Budapest’s Eötvös University is 375 years old—Report on ELTE ’s Anniversary Celebration. In 2010 Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary’s oldest continuously operating institute of higher education, celebrated the 375th anniversary of its foundation. The university’s legal predecessor was established in Nagyszombat in 1635 by Péter Pázmány, Archbishop of Esztergom. The text describes the major stages of the preparation for the year of jubilee and the most significant events of the festive year. The chief purpose of the series of events, it is stated, was to strengthen the sense of belonging in the former and current civil community of the university. In addition, the series of festivities offering a multitude of year-long professional and cultural programmes reminded all of the fact that the university, owing to the programmatically high standards it is committed to represent, is an outstanding shaper of scientific and scholarly activity and of training new generations of intellectuals.
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BALÁZS GUSZTÁV: ILLUSTRATED CHRONICLE OF HUNGARIAN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCES
298-301Views:129Béla Surányi and János Kátai are presenting the Gusztáv Balázs -edited book. The Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE) with a new organisational structure was established on 1st February 2021, which also means that the national agricultural education is still searching its own path.
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A debreceni Stomatologiai Klinika története Adler Péter professzor vezetése alatt (1946–1979)
11 - 23Views:439History of the Stomatology Clinic in Debrecen under the Leadership of Professor Péter Adler (1946–1979). With the approaching front of the 2nd World War in October 9, 1944, Professor András Csilléry head of the Stomatology Clinic left Debrecen because of his political views, so the institution remained without a leader until 17th November. Thereafter as a substitute, trainees then Stefánia Morvay Assistant Lecturer under the supervision of Professor Gyula Verzár was the head. From June 20, 1946, Péter Adler was assigned to the lead, which was one of the longest leading positions of the Faculty of Medicine since he was director of the clinic until July 1, 1979. Péter Adler graduated from the University of Vienna, where he specialized in the field of Dentistry and worked at the Department of Orthodontics at the Polyclinic of Vienna, while in spring 1939 he had to return home for political reasons. During the war he worked as a translator and then assigned to forced labor, and after the war, he was placed to the Stomatology Clinic in Debrecen. From 1948 he worked as a chief clinician, in 1952 he became candidate of sciences (CSc), and in 1953 he was appointed as a university professor. He received Doctor of Science (DSc) degree in 1957. He was a member of the editorial board of several foreign professional journals, he was accepted by several international editorial boards, wrote several textbooks. He translated two books written by others into German. He was chairman of the Association of Hungarian Dentists and Editor-in-Chief of the Stomatologica Hungarica. The main topics of the research at the Stomatology Clinic are: examination of hypersensitivity to dental anesthetics, clarification of many details of caries epidemiology, proof of the protective effect of fluoride against caries. Under his leadership there was a dynamic scientific work on the Stomatology Clinic, proven by the fact that between 1945–1980 12 books, 487 publications, book chapters and monographs appeared, which was unique among similar national institutions. He lay down the fundaments of the dental education in 1976 and contributed the architectural and professional requirements of the new Stomatology Clinic in 1981.
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Béla Pukánszky researcher and artist
25-31Views:151In the first phase of the history of the Faculty of Humanities, University of Debrecen, several lecturers were in close connection with arts. This study intends to introduce primarily the musical significance of Professor Béla Pukánszky from Pozsony. In the course of the research, I attempted to read and process the surviving documents of the personal legacy along with the critiques, reviews and jubilee studies written by contemporary scholars and colleagues. In Béla Pukánszky’s case, I relied on the documents preserved in the Manuscript Archive at the University of Debrecen (minutes, concert invitations, handwritten and typed music history performances), and especially on his wife’s correspondence. As a result, I report on Béla Pukánszky’s art-related scholarly and educational pursuits as writer and lecturer, and demonstrate the proactive role he undertook in the artistic life of Debrecen, Budapest, and the whole of Hungary. Thus, my work contributes to the previous research results on the important activities of the faculty’s and the town’s nationally outstanding intellectual circles in the fields of cultural history, cultural education and art patronage.
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Ramism in the KIngdom of Hungary and in Transylvania
Views:234Ramism in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Transylvania. The study reviews the impacts of Ramism on the scholarly, pedagogical, and cultural life of the Kingdom of Hungary and of Transylvania, including the local publications in grammar, rhetoric, homiletics, and logic, and the presence of Ramist considerations and components in domestic education. Judging by the evidence of its reception in Hungary and Transylvania, we can conclude that Ramist influence was present in the main Calvinist institutions, that is, in the colleges at Gyulafehérvár, Kolozsvár, Sárospatak, Várad, and Debrecen during the mid- and late seventeenth century. Such influence affected the whole system of classification of the academic sciences, and elements of Ramism remained detectable until the mid-eighteenth century. More sporadic, but not insignificant, was Ramist influence usually taking a more syncretic form at Lutheran institutions that adhered to essentially Melanchthonian pedagogy.
Literary works by Hungarian authors with Ramist and, often, Puritan convictions are clearly understandable texts characterized by their conceptual plainness and clarity, which include only a few elements of belletrism, affective attraction, and literary originality in their predominantly rational argumentation. That such texts strive primarily for intellectual rationality is clearly connected with the authors’ Ramist mindsets, because, under a strictly Ramist theoretical framework, only a small number of the taxonomic processes which distinguish literary works from the natural order of precise, objective, rational discourse could be accepted.
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A Debreceni Tudományegyetem Orvostudományi Karának hallgatói társadalma (1921–1949)
41-73Views:132The Student Community of Debrecen’s School of Medicine (1921–1949). In view of the fact that the University of Debrecen grew out of the academic divisions of the Protestant College, the Protestant character of the state university can be easily demonstrated as present. What can be equally well seen are the facts that, one, the members of the student community tended to come from Debrecen or the larger Debrecen region, and, two, that Hungarian was the almost exclusively used mother tongue. As regards social distribution, the most frequent origins are from the intellectual and the smallholder class. A look at student support shows that until the beginning of the 1930s a smaller portion of the student body, whereas after this time frame 60 to 70 percent, received some kind of financial support. Student aid and reward could come from various sources: (a) from the university itself; (b) from the Ministry of Education; (c) the city of Debrecen; (d) private sources; (e) financial institutions and associations; and (f ) from the Protestant church. Unfortunately, the amount of these aids was rather limited and only a few students could be recipients. Student subventions in the post-1945 era was based on totally new priorities, however, its objectives were marred at first by runaway inflation, then class-struggle principles impacted on it by creating discriminative categories. Student accommodation, owing to the scarcity of reliable data can only be shown in an incomplete table; no creditable evaluation of these is possible.
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Felsőoktatási és tudományos intézmények képviselete a magyar Országgyűlés Felsőházában 1927-1944
79 - 93Views:266Representation of the Higher Educational and Scientific Institutions in the Upper House of the Hungarian Parliament in 1927–1944. The Upper House, what was the second chamber of the Hungarian Parliament, was functioning between 1927 and 1944 and followed the image of the Main House (House of Magnets) before 1918, but operated in a more democratic spirit and structure. Besides the aristocrats and the leaders of the church, the representatives of the higher educational and scientific institutions, and economic organizations deserved a place. The study overviews the Upper House representation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, universities in the capital and in the country, other scientific organizations, and other institutions of higher education, and there is enclosed a list of the representatives of the above mentioned institutions exactly to the day.
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A debreceni tudományegyetem szózata a Trianoni Békeszerződés ellen
95-98Views:114Appeal of the University of Debrecen against the Treaty of Trianon. The source material calls attention to an almost forgotten and unique document: in 1919 the University of Debrecen was the sole institution of higher education in Hungary to bodily appeal to the world’s academic community in a pamphlet (”Appeal to the Universities of the Educated World”) for the purposes of drawing attention to the peace treaties—framed but not yet signed by Hungary—at the end of World War One. The peace treaties spelt out unbearable consequences for Hungary and the Appeal dramatically called attention to the inherent injustices and hazards. Some of the dramatic parts of the desperate manifesto, which is also likely to have been printed in English and French, are quoted verbatim.
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Debreceni zenetörténet – Az évfordulók tükrében
196-210Views:88MUSIC HISTORY OF DEBRECEN – IN REFLECTION OF ANNIVERSARIES. he study provides an extensive review of the 50 year history of professional music education in Debrecen. Special attention is put on the changes in the institutional structure of the training from the foundation of vocational school of music arts in 1966 to the present Music Faculty of the University of Debrecen. he writing relects not only on the spaces, forums of the daily teaching and artistic work, the living areas of the students, the international relations, but also on the important role the Faculty plays in the cultural life of the city.
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PORTRAIT OF DEZSŐ SZABÓ, PROFESSOR OF HISTORY
38-53Views:61Dezső Szabó was professor of history at the University of Debrecen for 35 years from 1924 to 1959. He graduated from the University of Budapest with a degree in History and Latin. It was at the instigation of his patron, Henrik Marczali, that he began his research on the Hungarian assemblies of the pre-Mohács period. He also wrote his doctoral dissertation on this topic. Thanks to his excellent academic achievements, he graduated from the university with a royal gold ring of honour (sub auspiciis regis). He taught for many years in secondary schools and in 1912 became a privatdocent at the Budapest University of Science. In February 1924, Governor Miklós Horthy appointed him full professor of medieval and modern (universal) history at the University of Debrecen. At that time, his research was already focused on the Urbarium of Maria Theresa. In 1931 he was elected a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He published relatively little and concentrated his activities on secondary school teacher training. He was the dean of the Faculty of Humanities for four academic years. He made an invaluable contribution to the reorganisation of university education in 1944. Despite this, he was repeatedly persecuted under the new regime and was only able to retain his chair thanks to the intervention of his influential students. He retired at the age of 77. The second and third volumes of his work, A magyarországi úrbérrendezés története Mária Terézia korában, which is considered the major work of his life, are still awaiting publication.
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Szoboravatás - Nyirkos István mellszobrának avatása
166-167Views:133The Inauguration of the Bust of István Nyirkos. A memorable educator of recent decades has been the well-liked and popular Professor of Linguistics István Nyirkos (1933–2013), whose memory is enhanced by a statue erected on the sports ground of the Athletic Club of the University of Debrecen on October 5, 2016. In his inauguration speech, fellow professor István Bitskey conjured up Professor Nyirkos’s career, in which the harmony between sports and scholarship, intellectual accomplishment and physical culture not only complemented each other but may also have served as an example for members of the academic community. The outstanding athlete and the excellent linguist did not refrain from taking an active role in the management of higher education sports, which fact has been recognized by conferring the title of perennial president of the University Athletic Club upon him. His statue could not stand at a more appropriate location than the grounds of his third home.
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Emlékbeszéd március 15-én
261-267Views:100Official Speech, March 15, 2010. The festive speech, of which a footnoted-extended version can be read here, attempted to highlight how the previous five generations of the students of higher education in Debrecen had participated in the celebration of the bourgeois revolution of 1848. It was also important to underscore in this speech that for about a hundred years the student body of the College, then of the University, of Debrecen celebrated together with, indeed at the forefront of, the population of the city while for the past few decades the rituals of the local celebrations have diverged.
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STATUE INAUGURATION SPEECH – PROF. DR. GÁBOR SZABÓ
261-263Views:133In October 2020, a statue was unveiled at the University of Debrecen's clinical campus in honour of Prof. Dr. Gábor Szabó, who played a pioneering role in the organisation of medical biology and later medical genetics education in Debrecen and Hungary. The personality of the professor, his main research results and international recognition were mentioned by one of his former students in his speech.
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Gyula Mitrovics, Professor of Pedagogy the Rector Magnificus of István Tisza University of Debrecen of the Academic Year 1940/41.
Views:210Professor of Pedagogy Gyula Mitrovics was Rector Magnificus of the Hungarian Royal István Tisza University of Debrecen in the academic year of 1940-1941. His profound interest in the arts and his Protestant identity
shaped by the oscillation between the Sárospatak versus Debrecen axis constituted the basis and the framework for an overarching career which the child of a Sárospatak family of educators could fulfill in the Hungary of the first half of the 20th century. Despite the fact that the success of his early publications and the affirmative critical responses beckoned the young and upcoming teacher to a career in art history or to the calling of an aesthete, the interests of the arts faculty of the ”newly born” university of Debrecen dictated a different professional alternative. His attention turned to pedagogy, of which he became privat-docent in 1917, then full professor in 1918. Starting from this juncture, he led parallel professional lives rooted in aesthetics and pedagogy. In the year before his retirement he was elected rector of the university. His attitude in this supreme office was characterized by seeking compromises, which was a direct consequence of the priorities of the age in which he lived. It was during his rectorship that the university was to surrender its science departments. However, the diplomatically sensitive rector was able to attain the continuance of instruction in the disrupted departments by employing external lecturers. During his retirement as pensioner his life assumed a tragic turn: int he year 1949 – prompted by outside advice – he resigned his position as corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy then, in the middle of the 1950s he left Hungary. The one-time Debrecen professor of pedagogy spent his remaining years in Stuttgart and that is also where he died in 1965. -
JÁNOS BODNÁR, PROFESSOR OF MEDICAL CHEMISTRY, RECTOR MAGNIFICUS OF ISTVÁN TISZA HUNGRIAN ROYAL UNIVERSITY DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 1943-44.
3-10Views:200János Bodnár as professor and chair of the Institute of Medical Chemistry taught not only the first year medical students but, as a subject lecturer– owing to the lack of faculty of natural sciences – at the faculty of humanities he also took part in natural sciences teacher training of the teacher candidates. In addition, he also offered courses to those students who intended to obtain a doctoral degree.
In the academic year of 1943–44 he served as rector of the University of Debrecen, which was hard work because of the wartime climate and existence. In the following academic year, 1944 – 1945, he again took part in the management of the university as deputy rector since the newly appointed rector, János Hankiss got stuck in Budapest because of the war events. He concentrated on the temporary reconstruction of the war damages and he endeavoured to ensure the availability of the facilities of education.
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Feltáratlan emlékek Kenézy Gyula életéből és munkásságából
54 - 78Views:252Unexplored memories from the life and work of Gyula Kenézy. Gyula Kenézy is an outstanding historical figure of the University of Debrecen as well as of the City of Debrecen. Beyond many sculptures, street, prize, a hospital, and a civil society which carry his memories, the cities of Debrecen and Hajdúszoboszló regularly remember the renowned professor. Many monographs gave the account of his life and accomplishments, and a collection of his relics gained a permanent place for commemoration in the Museum of Hajdúszoboszló. Nevertheless, one-hundred years after the beginning of medical education in Debrecen, new pieces of historical records continue to enrich our memories about Gyula Kenézy. For the first time in its history, the Kenézy Memorial Day was organized by the Kenézy Civil Society and the University of Debrecen together in 2017. The program provided us with exciting recollections, and so far unraveled details of the life of Gyula Kenézy.
