Keresés

Keresési eredmények

• Are the pension systems sustainable? Comparative perspective of Slovakia pension reform

  7-8

  Botek Ondrej

  Megtekintések száma:

  76

  2004 Pension reform in Slovakia introduced important changes in the Slovak pension system. Previous pay-as-you-go system was replaced by an obligatory two pillar system, including pay-as-you-go and individual capitalisation pillars, supplemented by a voluntary third pillar of individual savings, organised by private companies.

• A nyugdíjrendszer szegényei, avagy szembesülés az igazi nyugdíjaSOKKAL…

  154-176

  Horváth Hajnalka

  Megtekintések száma:

  369

  A tanulmány a nyugdíjból élők elszegényedésének kockázatát, kérdéseit, lehetséges folyamatait vizsgálja meg. A nyugdíjból élők szegénységkockázatát számos tényező befolyásolja. A nyugdíjrendszer biztosítási elvű fenntarthatóságát, az önálló egyéni finanszírozás lehetőségeit, vagy a kiigazító finanszírozási mechanizmusok működését vizsgálva megállapítható, hogy a nyugdíjasok szegénységkockázatának növekedése intenzívebb állami beavatkozásokat sürget.

• Social security and safety of older adults in Poland

  9-11

  Urbaniak Bogusława

  Megtekintések száma:

  179

  Poland’ population will be ageing at a fast rate in the coming decades. It is projected that in 2070 the Polish ratio between people aged 65 and over and those aged 15-64 years will be 62.6, the highest among EU-27 countries. Population ageing appeared in the public debate in Poland as a separate subject in the 1990s, following a negative natural population increase and the looming impact of the massive withdrawal of baby boomers from the labour market on the pension system. One of the reasons for older persons’ growing interest in retirement was pension system reforms planned by successive governments.

  The announcement of the year 2012 as the European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity Between Generations (decision no. 940/2011/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2011) contributed in Poland to the emergence of a senior policy from a social policy and initiated major legislative, institutional, and organisational changes at the national, regional and local levels of government. It also inspired the redefinition of measures used hitherto in line with the evolution in the perception of older people from social care recipients to active members of their communities entitled to education and economic, social, civic and political activity. In 2013, the Senior Policy Council was established as a consultative and advisory body to the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, and then similar councils supporting regional and local authorities were organised.

  In order to encourage greater activity among seniors, a special governmental programme was created in December 2013, which grants funds on a competitive basis to projects concerning social activities, education, and intergenerational cooperation submitted by informal and formal groups of seniors.

  The national government’s key documents on senior policy, one for the period from 2014 to 2020 and the other spanning the years until 2030, are Resolution 238 of 24 Dec. 2013 by the Board of Ministers on the Adoption of Long-term Senior Policy in Poland for the Years 2015-2020 and Resolution 161 of 28 Oct. 2018 by the Board of Ministers on the adoption of Social Policy Towards the Older Persons 2030. Security-Participation-Solidarity. In 2015, the Polish Parliament passed the elderly people act, which requires institutions in charge of the well-being of older persons to monitor and report on their situation. The reports submitted by the institutions are used by the Ministry of Labour to compile and present an annual evaluation of the status of the older population in Poland.

  The regional governments’ senior policy is reflected in their social policy strategies. The strategies’ operational goals started to address needs specific to older people since 2002, focusing in particular on improving their quality of life, developing round-the-clock care services, at-home care services, and rehabilitation services, and on reducing social exclusion and marginalization of seniors.

  Social security and the safety of older adults are progressively improving in Poland, but the greatest progress has been made in the area of active ageing. Social care services for the elderly still require improvement, because the predominant family care model is inefficient in many ways due to:

  • limited financing of care services by public institutions,
  • the growing proportion of single elderly persons,
  • the increasing number of people aged 85+ (the so-called double population ageing),
  • social insurance disregarding long-term care to an elderly family member as an insurable risk,
  • a lack of legislation allowing employed people to seek a long-term leave to give care to an older family member,
  • the informal expectation that women who retire at the age of 60 years will take care of the oldest family members.

  While neither the scale nor the quality of home care services given to older persons is regularly surveyed in Poland, it can be presumed that the scale of care services is insufficient and that they excessively burden families with a member in need of care. Between 2010 and 2018, the number of persons aged 65+ increased in Poland by over 1.5 million, the number of the users of attendance services and specialised attendance services by 29,000 (from 99,000 to 128,000), and the number of residences in homes and facilities providing assistance to aged persons by 7,000 (from 20,000 to 27,100.)

• Családi (informális) gondozást segítő rendszerek Magyarországon

  34-48

  Patyán László

  Megtekintések száma:

  412

  A demográfiai öregedés kihívásaival az Európai Unió minden tagállamának szembe kell néznie. Ha a tagállamok demográfiai jellemzőit tekintjük, látható, hogy nincsenek lényegi eltérések sem az időskorúak jelenlegi arányában, sem pedig e ráták várható jövőbeni alakulásában. A demográfiai és társadalmi öregedés a jóléti rezsimek több területét is érinti, de ezek közül általában az egészségügyi és nyugdíjrendszert és a személyes szolgáltatásokat szokták a középpontba helyezni. A tanulmány a személyes szolgáltatások egy speciális területével foglakozik, mely ma a legtöbb posztkommunista országban éppoly új, mint amilyen régi: ez a család által végzett gondozás s ennek támogatása. A tanulmány kitér a családi gondozók támogatásával kapcsolatos jóléti politikák ismertetésére, megvizsgálja a tagállamok gondozási politikájának rendszerezési kísérleteit, elemzi a közelmúltbeli és jelenleg érzékelhető gondozáspolitikai folyamatokat, ideológiákat, s végül kitér a volt kommunista országok sajátságos helyzetére, majd bemutatja Magyarország a családi gondozással kapcsolatos gondozáspolitikáját. Az esszé alapgondolata, hogy a demográfiai kihívások ugyan hasonlók, de a szolgáltatás politika, az intézményi rendszerek fejlettsége komoly eltéréseket mutat országonként. Az országok fejletlen intézményes szolgáltató rendszerei mellett a gondozó családtagokat támogató eszközöknek pedig igencsak híján vannak a posztkommunista tagállamok.

• Former builders and constractors and now the poorest and discriminated pensioners

  28-30

  Soltes Dusan

  Megtekintések száma:

  55

  It is a real fact that the generation of the current pensioners during their active productive life have created a lot of various facilities that are still available and successfully utilized for the benefits of citizens. Especially, in former socialist countries they created enormous amounts of facilities that later on during the privatization as a part of the transformation process from the former socialist command economy to current market economy have become the property of the foreign investors.