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• Subjective Assessments of the Disease Seriousness in the Population Aged 60+

  19-20

  Jitka Doležalová

  Valérie Tóthová

  Jan Neugebauer

  Views:

  337

  The population aged 60+ constitute a considerable part of patients needing nursing care. A subjective assessment represents an important aspect that needs to be respected in nursing care and included in the care provided.
  The goal of the paper is to draw attention to the importance of a subjective assessment in the population aged 60+.

  Method:
  The study was performed in the South Bohemian Region. The study was quantitative and this part was carried out using a non-standardized questionnaire. The questions were particularly focused on the assessment of the social situation, health and everyday activities. The study was focused on the population aged 60+; it included the total number of 498 respondents.

  Results:
  Motor diseases, followed by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, were perceived as the most serious. Motor and malignant diseases had the highest influence on performing everyday activities. On the other hand, these activities were least influenced by cardiovascular diseases. The worst assessment for the physical and psychological state was awarded by respondents with cancer, which was also reflected in low satisfaction. Respondents with cardiovascular or metabolic diseases perceived their physical and psychological health best. However, from the point of view of the assessment, it needs to be mentioned in which environment the respondents lived. E.g., respondents with cardiovascular diseases mostly stayed at the home setting, which could influence their assessment and their satisfaction with the state of health. Respondents with malignant diseases spent more time at hospitals or nursing homes, which can influence the assessment of their state of health.
  The results show that the patient subjective views of their own disease and associated issues need to be included both in the nursing care and in the comprehensive multidisciplinary care. This sensitive information cannot be obtained from any objective assessments performed in nursing care.

• Dementia and family. The role of Alzheimer cafe in reducing the burden of caregiving families

  34-46.

  G. Kiss

  Views:

  480

  In the last years, the international researches have turned towards families caring for elderly people with dementia /see the works of Zarit et al. 1985, 2005; Aneshensel et al. 1995; and Kaplan 1996/. The majority of these researchers analysed the stress burden of the caring family member and its consequences, role conflicts, and the tensions in the caregiving family (Zarit et al. 1985; Aneshensel et al. 1995; Kaplan 1996; Zarit et al. 2005). The revelation that in terms of Romania, we know nothing or almost nothing about the burden of families caring for elderly people with dementia and its effect on the primary carer, played was an important factor in the choice of topic. This is why, in a vast empirical analysis, in Transylvania, 50 interviews and questionnaire surveys were made with people caring for elderly with dementia in their own homes and 50 families whose relatives with dementia have been moved to a long-term residential home in the past 12 months from the time of the survey. Gathering data took three years (2015–2017). The research included the inquiry interview with the primary caregiver family member, in which we assessed the functional barriers and the psychosocial difficulties (Szabó 2000). The analysis of the levels of social skills was built upon this, and it unfolded the main characteristics of self-sufficiency, existing social skills, and social adaptation. This survey pointed out the everyday tasks in which the client requires help. With regard to family care, we have also analysed the independent living ability of people with dementia. These three angles offered the guidelines for the assessment of “objective burden” of the caring family member. Reviewing the distribution of caring tasks within the family is based on this, which helps us finding out who the key persons are, the ones undertaking the primary caregiving duties. For analysing the formation of roles within the family, we have devised our own criteria (Szabó–Kiss 2015). Starting from the objective burden, in regard to the “subjective burden”, we have obtained valuable indications about the emotional effect of caregiving family member. The detailed assessment of self-sufficiency through which we have analysed the measure of functional degradation of people living with dementia, was added to the devices of the analysis (Szabó 2000). The internationally approved scale of memory and behavioural problems (Zarit 1985) is connected to this, which measures the distractive attitude of the person living with dementia and its effect on the primary caregiver. The survey of the primary caregiver’s burdening is also connected (Zarit 1985), and so is the assessment of the negative and positive attitude towards the caregiving tasks (Farran et al. 1999). A six-step focus group is added to the devices of the research, in which the primary caregivers, by hearing each other’s cases and following thematic questions, open up more easily about the critical periods of caregiving and the pivotal factors of institutional placement.

• Assessment tools of ageism – Literature review

  48-50

  Milos Caklos

  Jarmila Kristová

  Martina Solárová

  Views:

  147

  Ageism refers to stereotypes, prejudices and discriminatory expressions or attitudes towards older people. The World Health Organization defines ageism as a multidimensional, social phenomenon and considers it a public health problem.

• Prelevance of falls in seniors hospitalized on gerontopsychiatric department, their risk factors and possibilities of preventive interventions

  34-37

  Ľubica Libová

  Lívia Kollárová

  Ľubica Vanková

  Michal Vavro

  Views:

  309

  Introduction:
  Falls and associated injuries are a serious problem for seniors in the home as well as in the medical environment. The main goal was to approach the issue of falls in the elderly in hospital facilities with regard to gerontopsychiatric issues and psychiatric treatment.
  Methodology:
  We used a questionnaire to find out the prevalence of falls in the elderly, the use of preventive measures and their effectiveness. The questionnaire had three sections that focused on demographics, medication, fall during hospitalization, a "Simple Screening Tool for Risk Assessment," and questions for nurses about the use of preventative measures. The sample consisted of 113 seniors in the age category over 65 years hospitalized in the psychiatric hospital Hronovce.
  Results:
  Based on the data obtained, there were no significant differences in the incidence of falls when comparing the age category up to 75 years and over 75 years. We can state that gerontopsychiatric patients are at risk of falling, regardless of their age. Of all participating survey respondents 46.9% fell and 53.1% did not fall during the study period, with 31% of patients falling repeatedly and 15.9% of patients fell once. In the survey sample 100% of respondents were taking psychotropic drugs, 46.9% were taking risk medication - benzodiazepines, and these respondents had a fall at least once during their hospitalization. We found out that the risk of falling is increased by almost half in patients with nocturnal disorientation, sensory disorders and dementia. In the group of respondents (56.7%) who needed help with movement, falls occurred more often than in patients without restricted movement ability, but the differences were not significant. Problems with defecation led to a higher prevalence of falls. Among seniors who fell, there were 14.2% of them who did not have a problem with defecation compared to 32.7% who had a problem with defecation or suffered from incontinence. Nurses used the most frequently some environmental adjustments in 66.4%, increased supervision of high-risk patients in 52.2%, and nurses used multiple interventions in 67.3% of cases as preventive measures against falls in the observed group of patients. Nurses considered as proven interventions: increased supervision of high-risk patients (16.0%), use of compensatory aids when walking (5.0%), suitable footwear, (14.0%), adjustments of the environment (29%) rehabilitation exercises (13.0%), adherence to a drinking regime (7.0%).
  Conclusion:
  In seniors with mental illness there was a higher incidence of falls regardless of age, the use of psychopharmacological treatment, especially in the form of benzodiazepines, led to a higher incidence of falls. Nursing staff used multiple interventions. The adjustment of the environment and the use of suitable anti-slip footwear proved to be the most effective.
  Contact:
  doc. PhDr. Ľubica Libová PhD.
  Vysoká škola zdravotníctva a sociálnej práce sv. Alžbety,n.o. Bratislava; FZaSP sv. Ladislava, ul. Slovenská 11 940 52 Nové Zámky, Slovenská republika
  +421 903169357
  lubica.libova@gmail.com

   

  PREVALENCIA PÁDOV U SENIOROV HOSPITALIZOVANÝCH NA GERONTOPSYCHIATRICKOM ODDELENÍ, ICH RIZIKOVÉ FAKTORY A MOŽNOSTI PREVENTÍVNYCH INTERVENCIÍ
  Kľúčové slová: Pády seniorov. Prevencia. Rizikové faktory.
  Úvod:
  Pády a s nimi spojené úrazy predstavujú závažný problém u seniorov v domácom ako aj v zdravotníckom prostredí. Hlavným cieľom bolo priblížiť problematiku pádov u seniorov v nemocničných zariadeniach z ohľadom na gerontopsychiatrickú problematiku a psychiatrickú liečbu.
  Metodika:
  Na zistenie prevalenciu pádov seniorov, používanie preventívnych opatrení a ich efektivitu sme použili protokol. Protokol mal tri časti, ktoré boli zamerané na demografické údaje, medikáciu, pád počas hospitalizácie, „Jednoduchý skríningový nástroj na posúdenie rizika“ a otázky pre sestry o používaní preventívnych opatrení. Výberový súbor tvorilo 113 seniorov vo vekovej kategórii nad 65 rokov hospitalizovaných v psychiatrickej nemocnici Hronovce.
  Výsledky:
  Na základe získaných údajov pri porovnaní vekovej kategórie do 75 rokov a nad 75 rokov neboli významné rozdiely vo výskyte pádu. Môžeme konštatovať, že gerontopsychiatrickí pacienti sú rizikový pre pád bez ohľadu na svoj vek. Zo všetkých zúčastnených respondentov prieskumu počas sledovaného obdobia spadlo 46,9 % a nespadlo 53,1 %, pričom 31 % pacientov spadlo opakovane, 15,9 % pacientov spadlo raz. V prieskumnej vzorke 100% respondentov užívalo psychofarmaká z nich 46,9% užívalo rizikovú medikáciu - benzodiazepíny a u týchto respondentov sa vyskytol pád počas hospitalizácie najmenej raz. Zistili sme, že riziko pádu sa zvyšuje takmer o polovicu u pacientov s nočnou dezorientáciou, zmyslovými poruchami a demenciou. V skupine respondentov (56,7%), ktorí potrebovali pomoc pri pohybe sa vyskytol pád častejšie ako u pacientov bez obmedzeného pohybu ale rozdiely neboli významné. Problémy s vyprázdňovaním viedli k vyššej miere prevalencie pádov. Spadlo 14,2 % seniorov, ktorí nemali problém s vyprázdňovaním oproti 32,7%, ktorí mali problém s vyprázdňovaním alebo trpeli inkontinenciou. Najčastejšie sestry používali ako preventívne opatrenia voči pádom v skúmanom súbore pacientov úpravu prostredia v 66,4 % , zvýšený dohľad nad rizikovými pacientmi v 52,2 %, viacnásobné intervencie používali v 67,3 % prípadov. Pričom ako osvedčené intervencie považovali sestry: zvýšený dohľad/dozor nad rizikovými pacientmi (16,0 %), používanie kompenzačných pomôcok pri chôdzi (5,0 %), vhodnú obuv, (14,0 %), úpravu prostredia ( 29%) rehabilitačné cvičenie (13,0 %), dodržiavanie pitného režimu (7,0 %).
  Záver:
  U seniorov s duševným ochorením bol vyšší výskyt pádov bez ohľadu na vek, užívanie psychofarmakologickej liečby najmä vo forme benzodiazepínov viedlo k väčšiemu výskytu pádov. Ošetrujúci personál používal viacnásobné intervencie. Ako najúčinnejšie sa osvedčilo upravenie prostredia a používanie vhodnej protišmykovej obuvi.
  Korešpondujúci autor:
  doc. PhDr. Ľubica Libová PhD.
  Vysoká škola zdravotníctva a sociálnej práce sv. Alžbety,n.o. Bratislava; FZaSP sv. Ladislava, ul. Slovenská 11 940 52 Nové Zámky, Slovenská republika
  +421 903169357
  lubica.libova@gmail.com
  Zber dát prebiehal so súhlasom etickej komisie zdravotníckeho zariadenia a s informovaným súhlasom respondentov.

• Spiritual care in Slovenian nursing homes: a quantitative descriptive study

  29-30

  Igor Karnjuš

  Denis Bogdan

  Mirko Prosen

  Sabina Ličen

  Views:

  245

  Introduction:
  Spiritual care is an important component of holistic care in nursing. However, health care workers are not unanimous in who is responsible for the spiritual care of patients. It is likely that nurses are best suited to provide spiritual care because of the nature of their work, which requires constant contact with patients. Yet, meeting spiritual needs is not well defined in the role of nurses and is not always taught comprehensively in formal nursing education programmes. The aim of this study was to explore the extent to which nurses working in social care settings implement interventions related to spiritual care in their daily practise, how they perceive their knowledge of spiritual care, and the extent to which this dimension of care was included in their nursing education programmes.
  Methods:
  A non-experimental quantitative descriptive research study was used. In April 2020, 214 nurse assistants and registered nurses from 12 nursing homes in Slovenia participated in the study. The questionnaire used in the study included 12 statements related to 3 main areas: i) knowledge of the concepts of spirituality and religion, ii) implementation of spiritual/religious interventions in daily practice, iii) spirituality in nursing education. The individual statements were rated by the respondents on a 5-point Likert scale (1 - strongly disagree to 5 - strongly agree). The questionnaire had adequate internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.857). Data were described using calculated means, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation coefficient. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
  Results:
  Regular spiritual assessment of nursing home residents is rarely performed by nurses (x̄=2.73, s=1.03). Female nurses (U=2191.500, p=0.008) and nurses who described themselves as religious (U=3314.000, p=0.001) implement spiritual/religious interventions in daily practice to a greater extent; they also expressed higher knowledge of the concepts of spirituality and religion compared to the others (religious/non-religious: U=2920.000, p=0.000; female/male: U=1885.000, p=0.000). The implementation of spiritual/religious interventions in daily practice correlated positively and statistically significantly mainly with self-perceived knowledge of the concepts of spirituality and religion (r=0.495, p=0.000) and the extent to which the content of spiritual care was represented in their nursing education program (r=0.494, p=0.000). However, nurses emphasized that the concept of spirituality and spiritual care tended to be poorly represented in formal nursing education programs (x̄=2.76, s=0.89).
  Discussion and conclusions:
  Individual characteristics, particularly self-reported religiosity and gender, appear to have an important influence on the implementation of spiritual/religious interventions in daily practise. In addition, our study suggests that the level of knowledge about the concepts of spirituality and religion influences nurses' willingness to implement spiritual care with their residents. Therefore, nursing educators need to develop curricula that include strategies to increase trainees' awareness of spiritual care. Current international research efforts on perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care in nursing offer important contributions to understanding the role of nursing in relation to spirituality and to developing educational content and approaches for both undergraduate and lifelong learning in nursing.

• Unmet care needs of older patients with maxillofacial diseases: A cross-sectional study

  38-39

  Dominika Kohanová

  Ján Valentíny

  Andrea Sollárová

  Views:

  9

  Recognizing and addressing unmet care needs is essential for enhancing the quality of healthcare and social support. For patients with maxillofacial diseases who often face complex physical, emotional, and functional challenges, these unmet needs can significantly impact their recovery, well-being, and quality of life.

• A new Precedent in Health Cooperation to Make an Assessment Model of Total Demand for Health Service

  6-7

  Bassel Anwar Asaad

  Dana Dagher

  Mohammad Bassam Kashmar

  Zahraa Ammar Khadour

  Views:

  7

  Working in a team greatly improves health cooperation and helps propose innovative solutions for health issues. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary team has more overlapping roles defined by communication and troubleshooting.

• Unmet care needs of older individuals: prevalence, patterns and influencing factors

  26-27

  Dominika Kohanová

  Mária Tomciková

  Andrea Solgajová

  Views:

  160

  Understanding and identifying unmet needs are crucial for improving the quality of health and social care. Research addressing unmet needs among older individuals in Slovakia is insufficient, highlighting the need for further investigation into this pressing issue.