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• Nyugdíjreform-dilemmák – jövedelemelosztási arányok és makropénzügyi egyensúly

  5-32

  Laszlo Antal

  Views:

  134

  The paper aims to outline the main relations and critical points of the pension system which make the reform of the whole system inevitable in near future. The most important cause stems from demographic change: in the developed countries average life expectancy is rising rapidly while the number of births is diminishing. This results in rising retirement outgoings and decreasing revenues from superannuation taxes. In addition to this medical expenses are increasing due to the development of treatment methods. In contrast, in Hungary the average life expectancy will only increase after 20-30 years. The main problems of the distributive systems are rooted in the particular characteristics of the political change following the collapse of communism. The level of employment decreased dramatically and there are many tax arbitrage opportunities. In addition nowadays 90% of employers tend to retire on a pension before retirement age. These factors make the main distributive system unsustainable. Additionally the elderly dependence rate will double in the next few decades. Parties debating a socially and financially sustainable main distributive system agree on the inevitability of an increasing role for self-provision and a cut in the growth in expenditure. The pension system will not be able to keep pace with growing wages, to guarantee insurance principals and a minimal income in old-age, and to meet the requirements of long-term financing at the same time, especially not in the period of demographic changes.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL): I38, J11, J26 

• On the Global Expansion of Venture Capital

  60-69

  Judit Edit Futó

  Views:

  132

  The venture capital industry has also been negatively affected worldwide by the financial crisis of 2008, thus the usual investment conditions have changed. One aim of the study is to provide an overview of the changes. As shown in the global trends, the level of the global annual venture capital investments in 2013 just reached the level of before 2008. Although in some Asian countries (China and India) the decline was not significant, unlike in the European countries. Another aim of the study is to examine whether there is a reality of an integrated global venture capital model, or it is different in each country. If there is a difference, then what kind of explanatory factors can be tracked back. On the basis of extensive international literature the article argues that there are a number of factors such as the characteristics of financial systems, the legal and institutional barriers and the culture that affect the emergence of an integrated venture capital model.

  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: G24

• A monetáris politika eltérő hatása az USA-ban és az eurózónában – azaz gondolatok az eltérő kibocsátási reakcióról

  113-132

  Balint Herczeg

  Views:

  130

  Angeloni és szerzőtársai 2003-as tanulmányukban kvantitatív módszerekkel nem találták a választ arra kérdésre, hogy miért reagál az Egyesült Államokban érzékenyebben a fogyasztás egy monetáris politikai lépésre, mint az eurózóna országaiban. E dolgozatban kvalitatív módon vázol fel egy lehetséges választ a fenti problémára. A szerző elsősorban a pénzügyi közvetítőrendszer, az ebből következő pénzügyi vagyonszerkezet és az erre épülő transzmissziós mechanizmusok különbségében látja a lehetséges megoldást. Módszerünkkel nem tudunk választ adni arra a kérdésre, hogy a felvázolt strukturális eltérésekből következő érzékenységkülönbség megmagyarázza az Angeloni és szerzőtársai által kimutatott mértéket.
  
  Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: E21, E44, E52, G20