Keresés
Keresési eredmények
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Economic Freedom and the Process of Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis Based on a New Measure
5-30Megtekintések száma:356This paper, relying on a conceptualization of economic freedom in terms of kinds of government actions, develops a new measure of economic freedom. However, this is not art for art’s sake; instead, it allows us to provide an explanation for how particular institutions of economic freedom enhance economic development, a view upon which scholars agree. We develop two concepts related to economic freedom, namely the freedom-compatible and freedom-non-compatible institutions and use them as tools in an analysis of the process of economic growth, especially the relationship between economic freedom and long-run income. The major argument is that freedom-compatible institutions are primary determinants of income, while freedom-non-compatible institutions depend upon them and are partly the outcomes of the growth process itself, a fact which is explained by the Misesian theory of interventionism. Our regression analyses support our theoretical insights.
JEL Classification: B53, H10, O10
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Freedom of the Markets versus Good Governance: Experiences in Central Europe
35-61Megtekintések száma:141The market and the state, operation and characteristics of two institutions of key importance in the modern mixed economies, are investigated for the former socialist countries in this study. After two decades it can be seen more clearly what system has been established in the region, how it operates, and what its characteristics are. In the first part of the with the help of international comparisons we examine how free the market is, how good the rules are, and how much they help, or hinder, the fulfilment of its function. From an other aspect we compare the scope of the good governance and the size, the freedom and efficiency of the state. According to the evidence of the international studies examined, the former socialist countries established the forms of the market institutional system relatively quickly, but the operation and quality of these lagged significantly behind those of the developed countries. Also important conclusion of the study is that by the first decade of the millennium the characteristics of the former socialist countries are increasingly diverging from one another. Both the characteristics of the earlier socialism, and the more distant historical past which can be caught in the act within it, had and have an effect on the economic and social systems now established in Eastern and Central Europe.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes: H1, P17, P27, P35
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Eltérő hátterű nyersanyagban gazdag országok növekedésének fenntarthatósága a főbb nemzetközi indexek fényében
145-168Megtekintések száma:120A tanulmány arra keres választ, hogy eltérő hátterű, de bizonyos nyersanyagok jelentősége és nettó exportja szempontjából meghatározó országok teljesítményének különbözőségét, a nyersanyagbőségből
eredő hátrányok vagy előnyök dominanciáját milyen tényezők magyarázhatják. Ehhez a főbb ismert nemzetközi versenyképességi és intézményi indikátorokat hasznosítjuk. A tanulmány fő következtetése, hogy a nyersanyaggazdaságok sikeres és fenntartható növekedésében megkülönböztető jelentőséggel bír a piaci hatékonyság, az üzleti környezet minősége, az innovatív képesség, a kormányzati, piaci és jogi intézmények minősége és hatékonysága, a korrupció alacsony szintje, valamint a politikai és polgári szabadságjogok megléte.Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: O13, O17, Q32