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• Incidence and characteristics of risk behaviours in a sample group who living in settlement conditions

  163-188

  Views:

  223

  Roma people living in settlement conditions generally consider their health to be worse in Hungary. They feel less able to influence and act to improve their health. Risk behaviors are present at a higher rate in Roma, than in a majority population. In our study, we present the results related to the risk behavior of a local Roma living in settlement conditions in 2021. The results were analyzed using the SPSS software. 11.6% of the respondents (n = 220) declared themselves to be in poorer health. The proportion of daily smokers reaches 70% (70.3%). According to the self-report, 2.1% of the men in the sample consume alcoholic beverages every day and an additional 2.1% drink 1-2 times a week. 24.2% of respondents know of a close acquaintance (at least one person) who is addicted to substance use. The issue of multiple fruit consumers is a significant gender difference (8%) to the detriment of male fruit consumption (female: 18.1% vs. male: 10.6%). 57.4% of men and 33.5% of women were overweight and a further 20% were obese (male: 19.1% vs. female: 33.5%). The interventions are urgent.

• Income situation, income conditions and income inequalities among the inhabitants of those living in settlement conditions

  63-75

  Views:

  141

  In the studied impoverished neighborhood, the incomes are significantly lower than the incomes typical of the national and the Northern Great Plain region. The low income is due to unfavorable employment, low educational level and household size. The national average is 2.3 people per household, however, here there are 3.2 per household. A significant part of the population finds it very difficult to live only from their income. In terms of livelihood-related expenditures, expenses related to houseing is the biggest problem for inhabitants. Typically, they are not able to pay their bills and deferring payments usually for rent and utilities is common. At the same time, income inequality exceeding the national average is found int the neigborhood. This is primarily due to the very favorable situation of the top 10%of those living there. this top 10% are characterized not only by the net amount of their income, which is significantly higher than in the neighborhood and also to a lesser extent higher than the national average. Not only are their incomes higher but they have smaller households and are fully employed.

• Health state and health education

  138-162

  Views:

  466

  In our study, we present the results of a survey, presented among the roma local group living in settlement conditions; concerning their health state, health education and health awareness behaviour. The study explored the quality of life of these disadvantaged groups in several dimensions. According to our results health state and health education need a multilevel intervention, focused on emphasising the preventive functions of the primary health care; in order to gain a long term, positive change among the related social groups.

• Roma employment – disadvantaged situation - labour market insecurity

  90-111

  Views:

  401

  The problems faced by disadvantaged social groups are complex and require a multidimensional, interdisciplinary approach. In our study, we present the employment-related results of a 2021 survey of a predominantly Roma local community living in a settlement conditions across several dimensions of quality of life. In addition to the employment characteristics of the target group, we explore their employment attitudes, work value preferences and related gender and social roles. Our results show a positive change in the employment situation of the local society, although general labour market insecurity remains to be seen.

• Income situations, income conditions among the residents of two settlements

  45-54

  Gergely Fábián

  Péter Takács

  Views:

  200

  The monthly net income of settlement residents is much lower than in the town of Nyíregyháza or nationwide. Poor employment stands in the background, which naturally stems from the education level of settlement residents. Almost 80% of them completed 8 grades of primary school only or even fewer, while the number and rate of those who gained any qualification is very low. When examining income disparities in Nyíregyháza, it can be seen that the majority of settlement residents, 76.6%, belong to the 2 lowest deciles, and the rate of income poor also exceeds what is measured in the town or across the country. Considering the 60% of median income, 78% of the residents are poor. Regarding the costs of living, housing expenses cause the biggest trouble and many households have been struggling with arrears.

• Housing in a slum

  76-89

  Views:

  149

  The study analyses the quality of life of the inhabitants of the Roma housing estate through the housing conditions. The housing estate has undergone several changes in the last two years, but the segregation character of the estate has not changed. There is the mobility of residents moving in and out of the settlement, and one-third of the population has moved in from other settlements that have been demolished in the last two years. The exterior and refurbishment of the residential buildings on the site have renewed the housing stock and the residents are now living in comfortable rental accommodation. However, housing poverty persists. Residents live mainly in small and overcrowded flats where children usually share a room with adults. The rising cost of housing maintenance is a serious problem for payment in the settlement. Although the condition of the housing has improved with renovations in the settlement, the increase in overcrowding and housing costs has not brought an increase in the standard of living in terms of housing.

• Health behaviour of 18-29 year-old youngster living in settlement conditions in Nyíregyháza (Focus group interview)

  84-100

  Zsolt Ember

  Views:

  307

  Besides being at economic, educational and cultural disadvantage, Roma people prove to be a highly disadvantageous social layer in health care, as well. The most disadvantageous ones reside in settlements. Although health is a basic value and activity potential for everybody, it is unlikely to develop and function well without sufficient knowledge on health and individual responsibility, or when the right to access to health care and the principle of equal treatment are damaged, or when comprehensive social policy development programs are incomplete, but most of all when the majority does not show an inclusive attitude towards Roma people. The present study reveals the health behaviour of young Roma adults of 18-19 years of age through a focus group interview.

• Situational picture of the educational attainment of people living in settlements in Nyíregyháza

  55-69

  Erzsébet Balogh

  Views:

  205

  In our study we examine the education of people living in two separate settlements in Nyíregyháza focussing on the type and level of completed school(s) and qualification, what they think of their future studies and getting a qualification so that similarities and differences between the two settlements can be compared. In the analysis, we present data gained in the Husar and Eastern settlements and alsocompare them with data on education from the Quality of Life Research 2018 in Nyíregyháza and the 2016 Micro Census Research by KSH. One-variable and two-variable methods were used to analyze data. Our results show that in terms of education people living in settlements lag far behind the town, county, regional and national data.

• Situational picture of the employment of Roma people residing in settlements in Nyíregyháza

  32-44

  Anita R. Fedor

  Petra Balla

  Views:

  327

  In our study we present the employment situation of people residing in the Husar and Eastern settlements which can be found in Nyíregyháza. This study is focussing on one aspect from the many dimensions examined by the research into the life quality of Roma people residing in settlements. As expected, our results revealed that the residents of these settlements are at a huge disadvantage in employment. The extent of employment is mainly influenced by low education, the high number of children and their attitude towards working. According to our results, 70% of the respondents have been unemployed before and 49.8% of them are unemployed at the moment.