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EXAMINATION ON THE CHOICE OF SPORT, SELECTION AND TALENT IDENTIFICATION IN THE HUNGARIAN LITERATURE
Views:614One of the main motives for finding and selecting talent is to ensure the long-term success of a sport. Fortunately, more and more professionals are researching the aspects of selection and the motives for choosing a sport. However, the issue of suitability is less well addressed. On the one hand, the study examines the motives of choosing a sport and the factors influencing it, as well as the question of success based on the results of Hungarian research.
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IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC SELECTION CRITERIA IN YOUNG BALL SPORT PLAYERS
Views:693Background: Our study aimed to analyze body composition and spiroergometric data of young (14-15 years) elite level ball sport players. We suggested three-ball sports (handball, soccer, and basketball) share common performance indicators, as rapid intermittent movements primarily characterize each ball sport.
Methods: We selected one-hundred and ten, handball (n=30), basketball (n=40), and soccer (n=40) players male and female from local clubs in Hungary. Seventy-nine males and thirty-one females participated in our study; their average age was 14.51 and 14.56, respectively.
They participated in laboratory testing; the protocol included a body composition analysis and spiroergometric tests. We measured body composition and physiological parameters utilizing an In Body 720 device and a standard Bruce treadmill protocol. Although we were aware of the Bruce protocol limitations in elite athletes, we choose this protocol as a safer alternative for younger inexperienced athletes.
Results and conclusions: We concluded that in young male soccer and basketball players, mean peak /load (W), peak/VE (l), peak/Vtex (l), peak/VO2 (ml/min), peak/VCO2 (ml/min), and peak/ O2 pulse (ml) data is a reliable indicator of the sport-specific performance. We may also suggest that in our male basketball and handball players' population, peak/Vtex (l) is the only variable, which is significantly different. Between groups of male handball and soccer players, peak/VO2/kg (ml/min) may be a valid performance indicator. Among female basketball and handball players, we found a significant difference in three performance variables: peak/Vtex (l), peak/VO2 (ml/min), and peak/ O2 pulse (ml).
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THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT ON FITNESS STATUS of UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Views:1035The physical fitness state of university students has deteriorated over the years. Relevant data is needed to investigate this tendency thoroughly. We conducted a longitudinal examination among university students in Debrecen, Hungary. At the first stage of our examinations, we examined sixty male and female participants to assess their physical fitness status. They participated in four different activities (pilates, spinning, wellness-general fitness, body-shaping) once a week. Each exercise session lasted for 90 minutes. We conducted a pre-and post-exercise screening, which consisted of a Beep-test, push-up, and sit-up tests.
We hypothesized that the different types of activities might alter the exercise response. Aerobic performance, upper-body, and abdominal strength may differ depending on the type of exercise—international recommendations suggesting that 150 minutes of physical activity is necessary for physical fitness benefits. Our results demonstrated that 90 minutes of exercise might significantly improve inactive young adults' physical fitness state once a week.
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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ANCHOTE (COCCINIA ABYSSINICA (LAM.)) AND EFFECT OF EXTRACT VIA AEROBIC EXERCISE ON ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE
Views:228Many aspects affect sports performance, and nutrition may be one of the most important. The study aimed to examine the phytochemical composition and assess the impact of supplementing Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)) with aerobic exercise on the endurance performance of the Mattu Kenema male football club.
Eighteen players from the Mattu Kenema football team were chosen based on an experimental research methodology. The selected athletes were divided into three groups at random: the supplement group (SG = 6), the aerobic exercise group (AG = 6), and the supplement with the aerobic exercise group (SAG = 6). Every day, members of the SG group took an Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)) supplement, while AE spent 45–60 minutes exercising aerobically. SAG took both interventions for 12 weeks. Pre-tests and post-tests were conducted on all parameters, such as the 12-minute run test and push-up.
The phytochemical screening result of Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)) extract showed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as phenol, flavonoid, tannin, glycoside, steroid, and terpenoids. The proximate composition of this extract indicates the higher content of carbohydrates (69%) and the lower fat value (2.1%).
Based on the study, 12 weeks of Achote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)) consumption combined with aerobic exercise was thus shown to improve players' fitness levels at Mattu Kenema male football club. Based on the findings, Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.)) supplement associated with aerobic exercise would enhance endurance performance due to the extract's secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, tannin, and phenol.
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BREAKABLE PERFORMANCE - THE ROLE OF MENTAL TOUGHNESS IN ELITE SPORT, INTERNATIONAL OUTLOOK
Views:778Our study aimed to analyze mental toughness and its relationship to sports performance. We reviewed 38 qualitative and quantitative international studies. We performed an in-depth investigation on mental toughness; we also focused on how to improve mental toughness. We hypothesized a significant difference in both genders, suggesting that coaches substantially impact mental toughness. We primarily concentrate on valid, real-time assessments and psychological training in elite sports athletes. Sport psychologists, mental trainers play an essential role in elite sports performance. Results of related studies demonstrated that these age and gender-specific mental training sessions are effective in improving performance. There is an increasing need for computer-based interactive testing methods to analyze cognitive and psychomotor skills under pressure.
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORT RECREATIONAL PARK USE IN SZEGED’S ERZSÉBET LIGET
Views:284Objective: Our research was aimed to explore the opportunities Szeged’s largest park, the Erzsébet Liget's offers in the area of sport recreation, in addition, the composition, the sports habits, and the contentment of the park's adult visitors who came from nearby and also from more distant places. We hypothesized that the characteristics of access to the park and the characteristics of park use depend on the proximity of the user's residence. At the same time, their socio-demographic features and contentment are unrelated.
Method: Our primary data were gained using random paper-based questionnaires (N=108). Those people were asked who was doing some physical exercise at various sports scenes in the park. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to explore the relationship between different categorical variables.
Results: The proximity of the park and the users' place of residence was strongly related to the travel time and the chosen mode of transport. At the same time, it did not show any significant relation to the features of park use for sports. These features, primarily due to the elderly visitors, only impacted the frequency of park visits with an aim other than sport. Also, no significant difference was found concerning the park's proximity, contentment with the services, and socio-demographic variables, although some tendencies were identified.
Conclusion: The park's proximity did not have an impact of significance concerning the composition and the contentment of park visitors and their use of the sports facilities.
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YOUTH SPORT SPECIALIZATION AND PARENTAL INFLUENCE: A TWO-CITY SURVEY FROM HUNGARY
Views:150This study explores the role of parental influence in youth sport selection, motivation, and specialization. Parents of young athletes from two Hungarian county seats were surveyed to identify regional differences. Results indicate that parental influence is generally moderate or low but stronger in families with higher financial investment. Specialization increases in adolescence, while younger participants are more likely to try multiple sports. There is a discrepancy between participants and their parents’ competitive aspirations: participants more often aim for the professional level than parents expect. The findings contribute to developing youth sports talent management and parental education in Hungary.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE ABILITIES STRESS TOLERANCE AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN NOVICE AND EXPERIENCED ATHLETES
Views:710Introduction: Cognitive skills are essential in team sports. Perception, decision-making (tactical thinking, learning, attention, thinking, emotions), stress tolerance, and even the level of motor and technical-tactical skills all affect performance.
Objective: We found a significant difference in stress tolerance of novice / young and experienced team sport players (BALOGH, DONKA 2020). Our results showed that experienced athletes have higher level of stress tolerance. However, as this was a descriptive study, we intended to support our statement involving more number of subjects, and an analysis of cognitive abilities.
Method: A cross-sectional experimental study was performed on 41 male and 13 female team sport (handball, volleyball and football) players. We used the VTS DT software package for cognitive abilities and the MDE Heidelberg StressHolter (gastro, HR, TH, GSR) for stress measurement. During the 35-minute measurement process, a state of rest was measured in the first stage, a response to a 10-minute stress situation (VTS-DT for the cognitive test) in the second stage, and a state of rest and latency in the third stage.
Results: We found a significant relationship between stress tolerance and the cognitive ability of female and male participants. Our results demonstrated that football players had a lower level of stress tolerance than other team sport players. They also tent to make more mistakes in the VTS-DT test.
Conclusions: The classification into novice and experienced categories need to be done more uniformly in the future. We are aware of it, that the unequal number of participants by sports, is one of the limitations of our study. However, it is encouraging that significant results demonstrate a strong relationship between stress tolerance and the number of appropriate decisions. These results reveal other areas of research for us.
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THE FREQUENCY OF USE OF EEG AND NEUROFEEDBACK IN SPORT, SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Views:939Increasing athlete performance is an eternal challenge in the world of sports. The success of the training work performed can be checked by performance diagnostics. Proper brain processing is essential for skill learning and the implementation of effective motor performance. It was important for brain mapping technology to improve the capabilities of imaging devices in order to measure cognitive-motor performance in the field. The primary purpose of this review was to summarize the frequency of applications of EEG and its associated neurofeedback in sport. Examine the differences and characteristics of protocols. Assess whether there is this uniform, standardized protocol for each sport and how often it is used among both elite and amateur athletes. Electroencephalography was initially used most in sports in which the stable setting was followed by only minimal movement. These include sport shooting, archery and golf and baseball. Later, it was possible to analyze more complex movements with EEG, such as cycling. One of the most commonly used techniques is neurofeedback training, but despite some research on the topic, the arena of neurotechnology in sports psychology still exists in its rudimentary form and is constrained by a plethora of technological problems.
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QUALITY OF WELLNESS SERVICES IN THE NORTH GREAT PLAIN REGION
Views:743Wellness is the philosophy of life in everyday life. In a holistic sense, it is also used as a harmony of physical, mental, and spiritual abilities, basically means prevention, regeneration, relaxation, and fitness. The investigation took place between September and December 2018. Of the 166 participants, 94 were women, and 72 were men. As a result of the research, we can state that respondents are looking for relaxation and relaxation in wellness hotels. Their expectations are related to their age, place of residence, and family status.
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TALENT IDENTIFICATION, COMPLEX PERFORMANCE DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOL IN BASKETBALL
Views:9If we want to gain a competitive advantage over our domestic and international competitors in continuous competition, the first task is to filter and select the sport or the given sport correctly. Later based on the current results of sports science, it is necessary to consistently, consciously, complete the complex, time-consuming process of talent management. Selection process requires a lot of patience and perseverance. The aim of talent identification is to select children in sports with specific skills that can be systematically transformed into practice.. It is necessary to measure complex, sport-specific components of performance. Researchers in a meta-analysis of talent identification protocols in team sports found that physical parameters such as height, body weight, body composition, and physiological capacities such as aerobic capacity, anaerobic strength, strength, coordination, and agility play a role. On the other hand, the quality of specific psychological-mental skills is also critical in identifying talents.
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INVESTIGATION ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Views:1266Introduction: Effects of physical activity on immune functions may largely depend on the type of activity, its intensity and duration. However, little information is available regarding the immunological effects of sporting activities in older ages.
The aim of our study was to examine the changes in a wide spectrum of lymphocyte subtypes after a period of regular workout among healthy women of different ages.
Methods: In our study, we enrolled 16 elderly women (between ages of 60-75 years) formerly not engaged in regular physical activity, who took part in lightweight conditioning gymnastic exercise program. Eight young athletes and 26 young adults with sedentary lifestyle served as controls. The percentages of peripheral NK, NKT cells, T and B lymphocyte subtypes were determined by flow cytometry based on the staining of extracellular markers and intracellular cytokines.
Results: Lymphocyte subgroups did not differ between the groups of young athletes and young adults with sedentary lifestyle. However, in elderly women, levels of NKT cells were lower, while ratios of T helper / T cytotoxic cells were higher compared to younger individuals. At the end of exercise program, in elderly women, percentages of naive B cells decreased, while levels of switched-memory B cells increased. Furthermore, proportions of Th2 cells increased, while levels of immunosuppressive CD4+CD127-CD25bright Treg cells decreased as the result of regular exercise.
Conclusion: Differences observed after lightweight exercise programs reflect a presumably enhanced immunoreactivity and increased ability for immune responses in older ages.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTENSE MULTIDIRECTIONAL MOVEMENTS IN YOUTH HANDBALL AND SOCCER PLAYERS
Views:1413Modern soccer is characterized by short distance multidirectional movements. Elite level players execute a large number of micromovements of all kinds. Like in handball game situations in soccer usually occur in small areas. We investigated, whether soccer players may be able to perform accelerations, decelerations, intense starting movements and turns at the same level as handball players. We utilized the Speed Court movement analysis system to prove our hypotheses. We measured youth athletes, they executed two testing protocols. High-quality speed, agility, spatial awareness, and decision-making capabilities were required by the participants. We designed two protocols called the “60-meter chase”, and the “30-second chase” to mimic the situations tend to occur in a game. Each participant was asked to perform the test protocols three-times, we registered the best try, after 12 weeks of practice, the athletes repeatedly executed the two protocols. We also performed a body composition analysis, which demonstrated similar data for the two groups. We concluded that soccer players were able to perform at the same level as handball players, some of them even outperformed their counterparts.
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KÜLÖNBÖZŐ ÉTRENDEK, DIÉTÁK HATÁSA A SPORTTELJESÍTMÉNYRE
Views:736The fuel of the human body is food, more specifically the nutrients it contains, so even non-athletes need to pay close attention to what they eat. It is even more important for athletes to develop performance-optimizing eating habits. Sport nutrition is one of the biggest opportunities for performance optimization that has become more and more important recently. There are many special diets, perhaps the best known are: ketogenic diet, Mediterranean diet, vegetarianism, paleo diet. We need to choose our diet while maintaining good health. We should not forget that a long-distance runner, for example, may need a completely different diet than a weightlifter. However, no two people are the same, individuals have different genetics, weight, body composition, movement intensity, metabolism, and the goal they want to achieve, which is why an individualized diet combination within each sport results in the best performance. In our study, we aimed to analyze the effect of diets of different compositions on sports performance based on the mentioned aspects. In the course of our work, we collected and reviewed relevant content on Google and Pubmed. Overall, it can be said that developing the right diet can be a multiplier return on investment. Sport as a physical activity determines lifestyle, including nutrition. Proper, balanced nutrition is essential for both athletes and non-athletes
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PERCEPTION OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COMBAT SPORTS
Views:192For a long time, relatively few studies have investigated sports from a gender perspective. Male dominance was prevalent until the 1960s. By the 1960s, women had already been present in sports, where male dominance and their achievements were unquestionable. At the same time, most research has been prompted to take a more critical view, condemning women's sports as inferior. The most typical reason for excluding women from sports is that they are less physically capable than men. Female athletes may have suffered injuries that make them unable to perform various social tasks. These social tasks may include aesthetic appearance, childbirth, and proper household care. Metheny explored these ideologies, theories, and articles in her work 'Connotations of the Sport and Dance Movements,' published in 1965. The researcher attempted to divide sports into three gender categories. Several Hungarian studies have recently been carried out regarding sports and gender perception. This research investigates the perception of gender-related issues in combat sport athletes. What is considered a distinctly masculine sport, and how does gender determine this?
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THE APPLICATION OF NEUROFEEDBACK TRAINING IN ELITE YOUTH FENCERS
Views:425During our research, we applied neurofeedback training to youth fencers. We investigated the effects of the six-week intervention program on the mental toughness, stress tolerance and executive functions of teenage epee fencers.
We used the validated Muse 2 EEG-based Teamflow system, the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire, Electrogastrographic Stress Holter (MDE Heidelberg, MSB MET Balatonfüred) and the internationally recognized stress test of the Vienna Test System (Schufried, Vienna).
The practical benefit of neurofeedback training can be seen in its application as a complementary method, as this innovative protocol can help enhance the performance of the athlete. However, the international literature is not clear about the effect of neurofeedback training
In conclusion, the improvements can be observed in mental toughness and psycho-physiological indicators, but negative changes can also be observed in several parameters in both subjects. Various other psycho-physiological factors need to be taken into account, since our pilot study included two participants.
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INVESTIGATION OF THE MOTIVATION OF THE SUPPORTERS IN SOCCER MATCHES IN THE EXAMPLE OF DEAC
Views:554In this study, We’ve been examining the motivation of the fans of the Debreceni Egyetemi Atlétikai Club. We chose the questionnaire as a research method in which We used the SPEED-H scale developed by Kajos et al. (2017). We sent the questionnaire online to the target group by the snowball method, the sample was 40 people, mainly students, workers, and teachers of the University of Debrecen. The majority of the repliers are visiting DEAC matches for 2-10 years. It turned out that the reason for their first visit was the love for the sport and the effect of their friends. According to the SPEED-H scale, the main motivation for the repliers to visit was the excitement and beauty of the game.
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INVESTIGATION OF THE MOTIVATION OF THE SUPPORTERS IN VOLLEYBALL MATCHES IN THE EXAMPLE OF DEAC
Views:290In the present study, we investigated the motivation of people attending volleyball matches of the Debreceni Egyetemi Atlétikai Club. In our complex research, we investigate the passive sports consumption of teams competing in the spectator sports of the DEAC university club. The present study explicitly examines the spectatorship of volleyball, as we are curious to discover whether the followers of different sports show different motivations. The method chosen for the research was a questionnaire delivered online to the target audience using the snowball method. The resulting sample of 128 respondents was relevant to the opinions of 54 respondents. Based on our previous research, we hypothesized that one of the main motivation factors would be the game's beauty and the sport's aesthetics. Our hypothesis was confirmed; our study found that not only one of the main factors but the most important motivating factor is the beauty of the sport; as in the present study, the aesthetics and excitement of volleyball was the most important motivating factor for the respondents.
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OFFICIALS DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN OPEN SKILL SPORTS, A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Views:652In the ever-accelerating world of sports, decisions are playing a more critical role. The coaches' decisions determine the outcome of the match. The study aimed to review what factors determine the decisions of sports officials in different sports. Today, many former players choose to stay in the sport and continue their activities as coaches. Nonetheless, there is no unified system for determining the experience of coaches. Various factors influence sports officials in their decisions. These can be both external and internal factors. Take the First heuristic leads to more consistent and better decisions. In terms of coaches and referees, the most studied and examined sport is football. Research in other sports appears in minimal numbers.
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THE EQUITY ROLE OF PLAYERS' RIGHTS BASED ON THE REPORTS OF HUNGARIAN AND FOREIGN FOOTBALL CLUBS
Views:154Sport – and particularly football – has evolved into a strategically significant sector of the global economy. Professional football today is no longer merely a form of entertainment but a complex business model with substantial value-creation potential. The volume of capital flowing into sports continues to grow, as reflected in increasing transfer market activity, rising transfer fees, and the expanding financial scope of clubs. In parallel, the strategic importance of the player market has intensified: player registration rights have become one of the most important intangible assets football clubs hold. As such, these rights' accounting recognition and valuation is not merely a technical issue but a central element of sport-related financial planning and strategic management. The rise in transfer fees directly affects clubs' asset structure and long-term financial strategies.
This study conducts a comparative analysis of the financial statements of three European football clubs – Borussia Dortmund, Juventus FC, and FTC Labdarúgó Zrt.– from 2020 to 2024. The objective is to examine the development of the value, proportion, and role of player rights in the clubs' asset structures and to assess how these changes can be interpreted within the broader context of sports strategy and capital market dynamics. The research focuses on identifying whether there is a correlation between the increasing capital inflow into the football industry and the rising asset value of player rights, how these intangible assets are proportionally represented within total assets, and what trends can be observed across the clubs' financial positions.
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THE EDUCATIONAL ROLE OF SCHOOL IN SPORT DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH PROMOTION IN SUBURBAN AREAS - CASE STUDY
Views:182This study investigates the sports preferences and participation levels among young residents of Soroksár, a district on the outskirts of Budapest, Hungary. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, data was collected through a questionnaire survey conducted in autumn 2023. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the significance of factors influencing sports participation. The results indicate that local infrastructure and accessibility significantly impact sports engagement among youth, with preferences leaning towards sports readily available in the community. Notably, early initiation of sports participation positively correlated with academic achievement, emphasizing the importance of holistic development through sports. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive infrastructural development to support mass sports participation and promote healthy lifestyles. Local policymakers are urged to prioritize investments in sports facilities and opportunities, recognizing the multifaceted benefits of sustained sports engagement beyond elite-level support. This study provides insights into sports participation in Soroksár and calls for further research to inform evidence-based interventions promoting physical activity and intellectual development among youth.
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INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PLAYFUL COMPETITION IN ADOLESCENT FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Views:205Games are one of the most effective educational methods. Thanks to the game and the competitive situation, we can avoid monotonous work and motivate the child. In our research, we were interested in how the players’ performance changes due to the competitive situation. We hypothesized that speed and agility would be more effective if the competitive method were used. U-16 football players took part in the study. Our results showed that in both cases, speed and agility improved when we used the playful method. In this case, the playful method was to create a competitive situation. When measuring speed, 81% of players achieved better results when we created a competitive situation. When testing agility, 75% of the players performed better with the player method.
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WITH THE APPEARANCE OF COVID-19 THE DETERMINATION OF THE „FINISHED” ICE HOCKEY CHAMPIONSHIPS’ FINAL RESULTS – FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE THEORIES OF JUSTICE
Views:253COVID-19 has long-term effects – solving (or trying to solve) these primary social problems attention can also be focused on sport as a social subsystem. The study examines the competitive sport, including the final results of championships in ice hockey. Most championships were going on when the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. As a result, the most of the championships were suspended – which were either continued after the restrictions, or ended the season. What about the ice hockey tournaments, where the season ended prematurely? In this case, was the final result determined as well? If so, on what basis? At determining the final results, the organizers tried to make the most just decision. However, on what basis is it just to determine the final results of these championships? The study examines several theories of justice which play a (key) role in determining the final result of ice hockey in different championships. The study confirms this theory in several case examples: the organizers (league association) really made a just decision. The only, but the most important question is: which theory of justice was (or theories of justice were) dominated in determining the final results? In each case examined, the principle of meritocracy appeared (at some level). In accordance to the nature (telos) of the competitive sports, at determining of the final results the idea of meritocracy dominated. However, there is also a difference within meritocracy: between the timeliness and actuality of the reached results. In addition to the achievements on the sports field, the egalitarianism has also appeared in many cases, as another theory of justice – as well as the utilitarianism (by Bentham and Mill).
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EXAMINING THE KNOWLEDGE OF FUTURE SPORTS PROFESSIONALS IN CONNECTION WITH WATER RESCUE AND LIFE-SAVING
Views:618Water drowning is a problem affecting the total population of the Earth. Drowning is a leading cause of death (one of every three deaths). On the planet, a man, a woman or a child drops into the water every two minutes. Every year, 4 million people worldwide are in danger of drowning, either in freshwater lakes or in the sea. Almost 10% of them do not survive the dive, so they die as a result of suffocation. More than half of those drowned in water are children or juveniles. Sports professionals, especially PE teachers, have a prominent role in preventing water accidents, so it is essential to be aware of life-saving and water-saving. The question arises as to what kind of knowledge these experts have on the subject and how they could stand up if it were wrong. The purpose of our research is to reveal the knowledge gaps and fears of students that prevent them from starting a rescue process. In our survey, we chose the questionnaire method, 147 students with PE or sports major participated. The results showed that a significant proportion, 64% of the students did not even see the resuscitation process. Most of them, 90%, did not resume the resuscitation experiment, 88% of them had not yet helped resuscitation. Most of them have no rescue practice, and their knowledge is incomplete for rescue and first aid.
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RELATIONSHIP NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORTS AND NON-SPORTS YOUNG ADOLESCENTS
Views:349From school onwards, children spend more and more time with their peers without direct adult supervision. In peer groups, the emphasis is on shared interests, understanding and trust, rather than joint activities. The biological changes associated with adolescent sexual maturation also lead to changes in social relationships. The topic is particularly topical now, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, when opportunities for face-to- face communication have been significantly reduced, leading in many cases to a transformation of relationships.
Playing sport expands the individual's range of experience: he or she is exposed to a new social environment, has the opportunity to form new relationships, and encounters a new set of values and norms. All this shapes their personality, their individuality and has an impact on their whole life. However, many children today do not play sport regularly, partly because of the increased mental workload and demands and the resulting lack of time. In my research, I was looking for answers to the question of how regular sporting activities affect the social relationships of young adolescents. As the data from my research show, regular sporting activity has a beneficial effect on both the extension and the intensity of children's relational networks, especially for those playing team sports.