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Maintenance Strategies and Life Cycle Costs of Renewable Energy Systems
106-116Views:146Life cycle costs are important factors in decisions on renewable energy investments. Since maintenance costs generally constitute a high portion of the life cycle costs, the maintenance strategy applied in a project can affect the bottom line significantly. The effective maintenance tools used in the production industry (e.g., diagnostics, condition monitoring, data management, integrated information systems, machine learning, and automated decision making) can be involved in planning and maintenance of renewable energy systems to gain the benefits of these approaches. In this paper the effects of maintenance strategies on life cycle costs are investigated and the benefits of up-to-date condition monitoring techniques are presented through case studies.
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Analysis of labor consumption in Hungary in the last 5 years
127-137Views:181The main idea of my research was the statement of the President of the Hungarian Fruit and Vegetable Interprofessional Organization and Product Council (Ferenc Apáti), according to which the main obstacle to the future development of horticulture and the development plans of horticultural enterprises is capital shortfall factors). The employment of seasonal workers in the production of grapes and fruit and in horticultural farms is of the greatest importance. As a result, in my research, I examined the use of labor by those working in agriculture over the past 5 years. I reviewed how the coronavirus has affected the time spent by seasonal workers at work in the recent past. Since there are a lot of work phases in agriculture where there is a temporary use of labor, I considered it important to get around this topic better. As seasonal agricultural workers are often able to reach their agricultural jobs through travel and border crossings, government regulations (travel restrictions, border closures) have made it more difficult for these people to access jobs.
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What is worth knowing about the establishment from a work safety point of view
24-31Views:127Under establishment, we mean the process that results in the creation of a new unit (eg factory, plant, office, etc.), a workplace or an existing one what will be renewed, expanded or restructured, or installed; installed on a machine, plant, appliance, whether or not for productive or non-productive purposes. It is generally true that the design, construction, use and subsequent operation of workplaces, facilities, technology, materials, energy, personal protective equipment; production, distribution, import, transportation, movement, use and use of workplaces; in the absence of these, the requirements of the scientific-technical standard can be expected. An employer, operator, and service provider must adapt to market conditions. Accordingly, it should monitor the expectations of customers, business partners, market changes, trends to adapt to expectations, and therefore constantly develop their products, services, produce reliable quality, ensure that quality meets the market expectations providing personal and material conditions to ensure that employees can effectively and safely meet market expectations. The recognized business perception of the employer is to accomplish the above, the objectives to be achieved must be formulated, priority should be given to the potential risks (with particular regard to occupational safety risks) to be measured, measures to be taken to ensure effectiveness, short-, medium- and long-term planning, investment.
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Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Renewable Energy Policies in the EU and USA, with Special Emphasis on the Transportation Sector
219-231Views:270The aim of this work is to review recent trends in the field of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and renewable energy policies of the European Union and the United States of America. During the last few decades, there was a significant shift within the political attitude towards these fields, therefore important changes were realized in the electricity production and the climate policy. In the present paper, we discuss the current situation focusing on the transportation segment.
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Self-developed Controller System –based on Open-Source Applications
97-105Views:108In the University of Debrecen Building Mechatronics Research Centre faced by the application of building automation technology, are tackled by cutting edge research performed at the Research Centre. The embedded device system, the focus of the ongoing project at the Research Centre, is programmable, reconfigurable, and adjustable. The design of an efficient embedded system must meet regulatory requirements, for optimizing building energy efficiency. The system provides solutions for a range of industrial applications, and peaks the interest of building services providers (e.g. SMEs).
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Solid-Lattice Stem Optimization Design for Hip Implants
39-46Views:434The goal of this study is analyzed and design a methodology to reduce stem mass, through topology and lattice optimization of a Ti-6Al-4V hip implant, meeting yield stress requirements. Four optimization cases were studied: Topology optimization (1), Lattice design 100% (2), Lattice design 50% (3), Lattice design 25% (4). Five load cases from a study were applied for each optimization cases: Combined (LC1), standing-up (LC2), standing (LC3), going up stairs (LC4), jogging (LC5). The optimized cases design reduced stem mass approximately by 30% (1), 5% (2) ,8% (3) and 2% (4), compared with the total stem hip Ti-6Al-4V implant.
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Relationship between the Lean and Agricultural Companies
370-381Views:196Eliminating losses is a daily challenge for both: companies and individuals in society. Whether through the production or office work, we are wasting the most important human needs: time and energy with useless things and processes. Both are an integral part of our daily lives and are particularly important for agricultural companies. In our study, we look at the relationship between Lean and agricultural companies. We outline the risks associated with these seven Lean Losses at these companies, and how these problems can be corrected and eliminated using current methods. Our research sheds light on how technological innovations affect and influence the position of companies in the market and in financial and human resources. We examine the benefits and drawbacks of the innovations applied and the Lean processes used, and how they affect the environment around them.
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Material flows and stocks of a service company from Debrecen
313-321Views:240Over the past 25 years, many renowned scientists from a number of research institutes have developed a new research method, a new family of methodologies which is the MFA (Material Flow Analysis). The importance of MFA is given by the extent of excited material flows created by mankind. The basis of MFA's growing success is a radically new, interdisciplinary vision that requires collaboration between the natural and social sciences (ecology, thermodynamics, and economics), not only as an effective tool for examining material efficiency of production and environmental pressures, as well as the security of supply of the strategic material requirements of the system under investigation. In our article, we conduct an enterprise level analysis of the input and output side material flows and materials of a service company in Debrecen for 2018 using the MFA method. MFA indicators capture environmental pressures in a natural dimension, that is, in terms of mass, energy, or land, respectively, in terms of kilograms or tons, of the company's raw materials and their changes, or material inputs.
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Quality Development of a New Type Pharmaceutical Formulation
112-127Views:231The aims of companies to understand internal and external customer demands in order to improve their existing products and develop new ones. Product development aims at understanding customer demands that may influence the production of the product to be manufactured. As a first step in the process, the customer voice method was used to define demands with measurable parameters. A questionnaire survey was used to prioritise them, which were then compared and ranked using a preference matrix. Within the QFD method, technical parameters influencing the satisfaction of customer demands were determined. A correlation matrix was established and the relationship between the technical parameters was investigated. A competition analysis of technical parameters and customer demands was carried out. From the absolute and relative weights, it is easy to establish the order of the technical parameters, so that the most important parameter in terms of meeting the defined customer demands is the determination of the ratio of raw materials, and important parameters are chemical stability, pharmaceutical formulation and particle size.
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Opportunities in circular agriculture
17-23Views:262Water is the source of life. For the long-term preservation of water resources it is very important to develop sewerage and sewage treatment. Sewage sludge is not primarily a waste that needs to be disposed of but also a secondary raw material or a renewable energy source. Municipal sewage sludge, and sewage sludge composts, contain relatively large quantities of organic matter, so agricultural utilization can be a major potential of its use. The transition to sustainable agriculture is becoming more urgent and increasingly important as it can provide a solution that looks to the future. Sustainable agriculture should work according to natural law, so it should be self-sustaining, that means, cycles, where in to one process the waste created can be used as raw material in the other process. The beneficial effects of sludge on soil include increasing soil organic matter content, increasing soil fertility, nutritional capacity, microbiological activity, and complex fertilizing effects. However, when is applicated, there is always a problem with the occurrence and accumulation of toxic elements and drug residues. The traditional model of economic activity is the linear model. This model ignores the high economic social, and environmental costs of exploiting, transforming and removing of the resources therefore it is not sustainable in the long term. The circular economy offers an alternative model in which the products materials and resources are maintaned as long as possible and the amount of waste is significantly reduced or lost. It is also possible adapt the overtuned ecological, biological balance of agricultural production systems, with a closed loop circular model. According to this model, the development of tillage technologies and the restoration of organic materials and nutrient supply are possible.
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Role of Biomass in Urban Energy Management
62-76Views:152When making decisions on the use of energy, both on building and on city level, biomass plays certainly a role in looking for sustainable solutions. This study starts with highlighting some key points regarding urban energy management, including world urbanization trends, heat island effect of big cities and energy hierarchy in energy management. With these in mind, it is worth considering, how the shading effect of surrounding biomass can mitigate the heating needs as a wind barrier in the winter or decrease the cooling load as shadowing element in the summer, both for buildings and whole cities. These can be further enhanced by biomass integrated in the buildings’ envelope: green roofs and green walls can have significant energy conservation effects, according the characteristics of their different types. Lastly, urban disposal of biomass can lead to renewable energy generation, both in case of biogas production and waste incineration. These shading, covering and fuel possibilities all underline the importance of biomass in urban energy management.
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Ecological Balance of the Life Cycle of the Battery Electric Vehicles
137-141Views:112The economic and ecological assessment of propulsions for mobil applications is based on the analysis oft he entire chain of energy transformation. In this regard, the ecological assessment oft he automobile is complemented by emissions created during its production and ist recycling. The following paper aims at promoting the understandig oft he underlying subject matter and to make the reader aware of relevant aspects that must be looked for in similar assessments. Understanding the discussed contex makes it possible to objectively asses the contribution of BEVs (battery electric vehicles) to the enviroment. The assessment provides hints thet help discover problem areas and assist in deducting goals and measures fort he strategy of emobility.
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The Role of Small-Scale Household Power Plants in the Electricity Supply by the Hungarian Settlements
355-372Views:139The utilization of renewable energy sources spread with stormy speed on the world therefore more and more municipalities propose that they satisfy their energy demand from renewable sources. The fossil fuels represent a significant proportion in Hungarian energy balance and the majority of these is import energy. The proportion of renewable energy sources must be increased to decrease the energy dependence and the energy cost of municipalities, to increase the energy security and to consider the aspects of environment.The interest of Hungary is to increase the proportion of renewable energy sources in energy supply. In order to this, the government created the small-scale household power plant (SSHPP) category in the Electricity law. This power plants should be not greater than 50 kW's performance. In this category, electricity can be produced from renewable and fossil sources. Since the government introduced the small, household size power plant category the installed capacity was grown quickly in the last seven years. The general capacity was 0.51 MW altogether at the end of year 2008 but it has already approached 129 MW’s at the end of year 2015. The general capacity was increased by the multiple of the previous year every year between 2008 and 2015 and there will be more a dynamic capacity expansion. Data about the capacity and the produced electricity can be displayed on municipality level, too. The purpose of the investigations is to determine: how can the built capacity of the small, household size power plant category participates in the electricity supply of the Hungarian settlements? So how many percentages of electricity demand can be gratified by this electricity power on the settlements? Based on this a ranking can be made among municipalities which shows the level of sufficiency in production of renewable energy and give a possibility for the power shift. Finally, to what extent can be built upon this power plant category in order to that Hungary can comply its objective value.
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Selection of Possible Installation Sites for Sour Cherry Refrigerated Containers and Estimation of Container Volumes to be Installed Using GIS Tools
108-115Views:76The purpose of this study is to propose the selection of installation sites based on publicly available data and sour cherry refrigeration container specifications, as well as to estimate the number of containers to be installed at possible sites. Today's escalating fuel supply and fuel price extremes make it particularly important to develop a sensible logistics sub-solution in the complex process of production, harvesting, storage, processing and sales. We undertook to develop a geospatial system that can be built and operated economically, its data sources can be updated occasionally or even at regular intervals, it is suitable for producing other outputs with additional descriptive or spatial data.
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Research of titration curves of red mud samples
270-276Views:103The aluminium demand is increasing worldwide, so the amount of red mud, which produced during the production of aluminium, is constantly increasing, also. The researching of the economical processing of the byproduct has been under way for a long time, but the industrial implementation of recovery technology, that is suitable in all aspects, has not yet been realized. The use of by-products, in addition to reduce the risk of contamination of environmental elements, may be useful for the recovery of valuable metals, which contained therein.
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Designing Aspects and Classification of Bearing Industry Box Handling Apparatus
325-334Views:125It has been an accepted tendency in the industrial practice since the last third of the 20th Century to decrease the living labour demand of the manufacturing processes. One of the main tools of it is the automation of production. In the design, the construction and the programming of the developed automata, the results of electronics, informatics and mechatronics can be used. All of the scientific fields mentioned above undergo intensive development. By the application of the results achieved in the design of the applications, the monotonous, dangerous and tiresome work not requiring expertise can be assigned to machines. In the longer run, the application of the automata is beneficial also in financial aspect, since the costs of living labour are continuously growing, while that of the mechatronic and technological devices show a rather decreasing tendency. Reliability is also an important aspect. It is well known for everyone that a well-designed and programmed automatic device performs its task without mistakes. If there is any objection or breakdown, on the basis of the currently valid safety technology rules, the machine stops, does not trigger any damage and after its repair, work can be continued.
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The Pressure Characteristics of the Released Gases from Sand Cores
73-79Views:164The core packages used for the production of castings are generally made from cores of different quality (no- bake phenol, HB-phenol, and HB-furan) and resin quantity, to meet the various requirements for the casting. In our research, the effect of the amount of resin on the pressure of the gases evolved from the cores was investigated. Experiments have shown that increasing the amount of resin has a different effect on different binder systems.
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The Location of Energy Plantations in the Sowing Structure and Its Evaluation with Linear Programming
255-269Views:119The research is examining traditional arable crops and woody plants on the basis of their marginal contribution. Calculations of income, expenditure and revenue were made on the grounds of sectoral technologies, which were the basis of the value of marginal contribution of the given sectors. As the linear programming model is quite comprehensive, we used this method for our calculations. To compile our model, we have gathered all the necessary information from farmers of the region of the Northern Great Plain. The missing data was completed from the databases of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH), Institute for Agricultural Economics Research and Information Technologies (AKII) and the Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT). In some cases, we also used data of the Agricultural Administration Office and the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development. Our goal is to compile a 12-year production structure that suits for the characteristics of the region of the Northern Great Plain by achieving the maximum marginal contribution of a feature-farm.
