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HAZ Characterization of Automotive DP Steels by Physical Simulation
478-487Views:367DP steels were extensively used in the vehicles industry due to its extraordinary combined properties of strength, ductility, formability and weldability which contributed great significance in reducing strength to weight ratio and CO2 emission. High strength steel i.e. DP steels (3 different grades) were experimentally investigated and thermophysically simulated using Gleeble 3500 simulator to determine softening and hardening in heat affected zone. Samples were heated to different peak temperatures (1350 °C, 950 °C, 775 °C and 650 °C), two cooling time (t8.5/5 = 5 s and 30 s) and Rykalin 2D model were selected. The hardness and microstructure of the specimens were tested and analysed. For longer cooling time (t8.5/5= 30 s), we observed that softening occurs in all grade of investigated DP steels to all sub-regions. But for shorter cooling time i.e. t8.5/5= 5 s the softening is higher in intercritical HAZ compared to other sub-regions for all the types of DP steel with short cooling time (t8.5/5 = 5 s). However, the hardening zone in the CGHAZ occurs when Tmax is 1350 ºC for DP600, DP800 & DP1000 steels but it is more prominent in DP800 as compared to others two steel grade.
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Analysis of Thermal Degradation in the Annealing Process of Colored Parts Built by Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
124-133Views:528With the ever-increasing request of light materials, poly lactic (acid) PLA, have got much in consideration. Low-cost PLA materials have risen its use. Those possess some benefits but nevertheless insufficient mechanical strength. The printed PLA objects have a stumbling block for practical applications. Thus, annealing is an interested alternative to make 3D printed objects strong. This thermal treatment can significantly develop investigational studies and offer technical data. Hence the purpose of this paper is study and discuss how to increase the flexural strength through annealing process. Geometry distortions and color degradation will be analyzed. Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Taguchi Method (TM) and variance (ANOVA) were applied as part of the design experiments and analysis. Twenty-seven printed specimens were tested and factors as temperature, time and color were selected.
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Formation of Oxide Layers with Femtosecond Laser on Steel Surfaces for Color Marking
174-178Views:358With the appearance of ultrashort pulse lasers, the researchers have begun working on various laser marking technology. Atmospheric heating and ablation of a surface induce laser coloration of metal surfaces. However, their application is still problematic today in the industry. With the appearance of femtosecond pulse lasers, a new concept became available for color marking. This concept is based on the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on metal surfaces. The purpose of this article is to summarize the literature of laser color marking with ultrashort pulse lasers.
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The Economic and Social Effects of the COVID-19 Epidemic in the European Union over the Past Year, Especially in Hungary
67-79Views:2372The apparence of the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 affected all countries in the world, entailing major changes in everyday life. In our study – in a one year perspective – we summerize the socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on various economic sectors and their consequences for the European Union and Hungary. As a result of the pandemic restrictions the role of some sectors were decreasing considerably, while on the other hand the other sectors emerged and underwent a significant improvement. The growing trend of working from home, as well as the decline of the tourism, the catering service and the entertainment industry has led to a change in the behavior of the population. . Changes during the pandemic period led to an increase in wealth inequalities.Changes during the pandemic period led to anincreas in economic inequality. The transformation of consumers’ values and income situation is having an huge impact on all sectors of the national economy. When reflecting upon the current situation, the following questions arise: When will the declining businesses be able to recover? Will they be able to achieve their pre-pandemic profit level, and if yes, how long will it take them?
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Examining the Competitiveness of Fish Products on the Market
151-163Views:245Fish and fishery products are one of the key ingredients in human nutrition and are therefore outstanding in terms of both production and trade. Different processed fish products are available in many countries around the world due to globalization and a fast supply chain. In our study, we examined the market for fish and fishery products using secondary data collection. The data were collected several years ago from the databases of FAO, EUROSTAT, COMTRADE and KSH The comparative advantages or disadvantages of international trade were determined with the help of the RCA index for the role of Hungary and the EU in the world in the case of different categories of fish products. The aim of our research is to compare the fish products of different processing in Hungary and in the EU compared to the international situation, paying special attention to the main exporting and importing countries. Based on the secondary research the study has a detailed the specificities of trade, the trends observed in recent years and the competitiveness of fish products in Hungary and the Member States of the European Union and effect relationships behind the RCA-index results.
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Optimization of Parking Lot Stormwater Management: a Case Study
75-95Views:421As urbanization accelerates, parking lots lead to stormwater runoff and localized flooding due to impervious layers and inefficient drainage. This case study evaluates stormwater management strategies across four parking lots in Debrecen, Hungary, to propose effective retrofitting solutions. The methodology combines visual site assessments with a comparative analysis of global best practices identified in the literature. Findings suggest integrating Green Infrastructure (GI) and Low Impact Development (LID) principles into parking lot design can enhance infiltration and significantly reduce surface runoff. Key recommendations include utilizing nearby vegetated depressions and replacing conventional concrete slabs with permeable surfaces. Beyond the flood avoidance, these strategies aim to reduce pressure on the local sewer system and minimize puddle formation.
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The Special Aspects of Leasing as Long-Term Asset Financing Method in Hungary
115-128Views:813Leasing has become widespread in the world in the 1970s, while in Hungary the first leasing firms appeared in the 1990s. The authors in this article introduce the most prevailing and most often used forms of leasing and their main characteristics in Hungary. Based on the statistical data of the 2008-2015 period the authors analyse the performance of investments, the volume of trade in the total leasing market and the course of the amount of capital assets and new capital investments on the level of the national economy. The conclusion of the current article is that the changes of the investment’s performance in the national economy and the EU development funds influence greatly the course of the Hungarian leasing market.
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Servant, Ethical and Authentic Comparative Analysis of Leadership Styles in the Light of the Challenges of the BANI World
43-52Views:383In a globalised and accelerated economy, managers are under increasing pressure to reconcile organisational goals that are independent from human being with the reality of human relationships. The human being, as a being with intellect and senses striving towards happiness, is the focus of positive leadership styles and is their major concern in the field of management theory. In this article, three such positive styles, authentic, servant and ethical leadership principles and their operating conditions are compared using international literature. The literature time span of about two decades shows that the evolution of the ethical leadership literature has slowed down, while the authentic and servant leadership literature has continued to evolve and is still evolving today. The comparative table that appears in this study highlights both commonalities and distinctions, in that, in addition to high moral and ethical standards, the authentic style focuses primarily on the person of the leader, the ethical leader on the ethical standards of the organisation, while the servant leader focuses on the development of the well-being of the subordinate, the other person, even through self-sacrifice. We intend to use the results of this research to investigate measures of positive styles, preparing the scientific ground for future primary empirical field studies.
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Demand and Supply in the Talent Market
142-149Views:404In Hungary, the emergence of a talent market for organizations is due to the growing demand for talented workers. The talent's definition, the exploration of the factors affecting the talent market's demand and his supply are necessary to the overview. With the emergence of the talent market, we will also carry out an important analysis of the changes in the labor market in Hungary as well as the shortage of labor shortages. In the labor market today, different generations are present, who have different expectations for their employer and work environment. The lack of skilled workers is attempted by organizations with different methods. One of these is the ability of companies to become a talent-magnet, resulting in a higher number of employees in their area of activity. In areas where labor shortages are high, more and more attention is paid to automating processes. During the research, I worked on the related literature and studies to determine the factors influencing the talent market.
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Szervezeti életciklusok és a Lean transzformáció
646-656Views:482A wide range of literature has been published regarding the features of lean transformation. The main focus of these researches has been the examination of the hurdles and stimulants of a lean transformation as well as the analysis of lean leaders’ qualities and behaviours. However, most of these literatures do not deal with either the connection between lean transformation and organization lifecycles or the examination of the role of a full-time lean facilitator / a lean group. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the importance of these connections and stimulate further research on the matter.
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The Governance of Sports Organizations in Morocco: the Case of the Royal Moroccan Federation of Judo and Related Martial Arts
38-50Views:425Governance is crucial for effective sports organization management, particularly as sports organizations increasingly adopt business models. Research inquiries into suitable governance practices in sports have grown, reflecting the evolving landscape of sports management. This qualitative research examined the governance of the Moroccan Judo Federation through semi-structured interviews and analysis using Voyant Tools. Stakeholders, including the vice president, board members, coaches, athletes, referees, technical committee members, and financial manager, provided insights on key aspects of governance. The findings emphasized the importance of strong leadership, effective decision-making processes, transparent governance structures, stakeholder engagement, and ethical conduct. However, challenges were identified in decision-making, stakeholder engagement, conflict resolution, and financial management. Stakeholders highlighted the need for inclusive decision-making processes and transparent and accountable governance practices. By addressing these challenges, the federation can strengthen its governance, support judo's growth, and foster fairness and inclusivity.
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3X3 Basketball Tournaments in Debrecen
231-250Views:439Faster attacks, spin speed, increased adrenaline levels, vehement play. This is all about the 3X3 basketball. In Debrecen, the first 3X3 basketball matches were held in 2015, most of them did not even think that the sport would be popular in Hungary as well. Practically, from the start of the first minute, the games were played with great success. Following the successful settlement, the International Basketball Association immediately offered a 3-year contract to Debrecen. The purpose of our research was to examine the 3X3 basketball tournaments in Debrecen, which was analyzed using a questionnaire and an in-depth interview. 69% of the respondents participated in the 2016 and 2017 events, but only 37% attended the 3X3 basketball tournaments that were held for the first time in 2015. It can be stated that this trend is growing and the event is gaining popularity nationwide. Sponsors and sponsors covered every issue of the event so the event was free of charge over the years. 72% of fillers, however, are willing to spend money on a possible entry fee. In terms of revenue growth, the introduction of admission fees is unlikely to reduce interest. Up to 1200 seats have been filled up for the event every year. Therefore, it is not surprising that a lot of people would like to enjoy a higher auditorium with more space. The introduction of 4-point boundaries (3 points) for 3X3 matches would be a great opportunity to try the "little brother" of basketball in the 4-point so that it can be introduced in traditional basketball. Hungary became the pioneer of the sport due to the results of the Hungarian national team and the successful organization of sporting events.
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Characteristics of Knowledge Economy in Respect of Hungary
1-11Views:309The examination of the economic role of information, knowledge, human capital and investment into the human capital has come into the limelight over the last decades. Analyses include the characterisation of knowledge economy and the relationship between knowledge economy and market challenges. In this paper we examine the definition and indicators of knowledge-based economy. We analyse the trend of the participation rate in formal and non-formal education as a knowledge input, furthermore we examine the gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP with particular attention to Hungary.
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Evaluating the Entrepreneurial Performance in South America. Case of Chile
13-28Views:428The research objective is to explore Chile's entrepreneurial landscape by assessing individual characteristics and institutional factors through a 'pillars' framework and compare it against Colombia, and Brazil; to identify socio-economic, individual, and institutional differences using the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI); to apply bottleneck approach to highlight areas requiring policy intervention. GEI features individual and institutional stage variables in a method where every variable collaboratively interacts, incorporating 14 foundational elements and three sub-indexes: attitudes, abilities, and aspirations. Ranking 18th on the GEI globally and the best in Latin America, Chile excels in key entrepreneurial pillars, showcasing strengths in innovation and a robust entrepreneurial culture. Brazil closely rivals Chile in competition and networking, emphasizing political and economic influence. Colombia surpasses Chile in internationalization and growth-stimulating policies but faces challenges like historical conflicts and wealth distribution. This study identified areas where immediate policy intervention may be necessary by examining Chiles's entrepreneurial ecosystem. The Penalty for Bottleneck (PFB) technique identified the weakest pillars highlighting process innovation, competition, and internationalization. The primary component identified as a bottleneck for resource allocation is Process Innovation, accounting for 73% of the allocation, followed by Competition at 23%. The findings show that allocating more resources to process innovation may improve greatly the overall GEI score.
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Challenges of the Quality- and Change Management in the Context of Upcoming Social-Industrial Changes (5.0) – Conclusion of a Survey
138-150Views:366The upcoming industrial-social revolution, which may be called the 5.0, is emphasizing the coordination of the value-creating work of technology (machine) and man. This approach wishes to move towards sustainability, which deserves a significant role in nowadays through the world empathizing the negative effects of the wolrd. During my research I was looking for the answer that how the extended industry 4.0 and its tone be in Hungary via supply chain of the automotive industry. During my research I was looking for the answer that how the extended industry 4.0 be in Hungary and its tune through supply chain of the automotive industry. I also have examined that which changes are justified regarding management systems in interest of efficiency and emphasizing the human capital by leaders interviewed. As a part of qualitative research in-depth expert interviews were interpreted with help of content analysis based on the methodology of grounded theory. The results demonstrate the need to review and change existing processes in order to ensure that the potential of human capital is not lost and that technological development, even more so, is at the service of human resources in order to achieve its efficiency and effectiveness. Among the possible tools we can find the re-structurizing changes of post tracking processes of the audits in management systems providing quality. Furthermore, the practical implementation of multifactorial statistical process control in the evaluation of processed data, which may be one of the essences of industrial (IoT) data.
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Studies on Consumer Motivation Among Users Of Fitness Services
442-453Views:470The rate of inactivity experienced world-wide is the cause of numerous health problems. The sedentary lifestyle of the population represents a great burden to a nation’s economy. The health indicators of Hungary are below the European average, not only those concerning physical activity, but also with respect to smoking, nutrition, and alcohol consumption [1]. In 2013, only 38% of the Hungarian population exercised regularly, while 62% rarely or never [2]. The diseases associated with inactivity represent a higher burden to the economy than the costs of raising the level of activity would be [3]. Based on previous studies, the motivating factors for leisure athletes in Hungary are the preservation of health, to increase physical strength, relaxation, recreation, the love of exercising, and stress management [4; 5]. The sports facilities available to a wide range of people, the fitness clubs offer the possibility to join regular sports activities, which is why it is necessary to examine the motivation behind the participation of athletes taking part in the trainings provided by fitness facilities. Many previous studies examined the goals of athletes and the motivational factors behind exercising, and came to the conclusion that trainings held in fitness rooms and at home are related to intrinsic motivational factors, while taking part in other sports activities are related to intrinsic motivational factors [6; 7]. The focus of my study are leisure athletes using the services provided by fitness clubs (753 people), of whom I evaluated the motivational factors behind taking part in trainings. The results show that the motivational factors driving consumers of fitness services show a ranking that is identical to those of other leisure athletes, with most of them taking part in fitness trainings in order to preserve their health, to improve physical strength, and for recreational purposes, while the improvement of physical appearance also plays an important role.
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Labor Market of Enforcement of People with Technical Qualifications in Hungary
6-10Views:232The main purpose of my research was to investigate the validity of those with technical qualifications in the territory of Hungary.
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Effect of Heat Input on the Toughness Properties of S690QL Steel during Hardfacing
1-12Views:93In recent years, the use of high-strength steels in hardfacing process has become increasingly common. One typical industrial example is the case of hydraulic shears used in building demolition operations, where the components are exposed not only to significant abrasive wear but also to intense dynamic loading. The use of quenched and tempered high-strength steel grade S690QL has become particularly widespread in this field, primarily as the base material for the hardfacing applied to the most heavily loaded regions of demolition shears. However, quenched and tempered high-strength steels are highly sensitive to the effects of the welding thermal cycle, which typically cause detrimental changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the heat-affected zone. The thermal cycles occurring during hardfacing differ from those typical of fusion welding, and consequently, the structure and mechanical properties of the resulting heat-affected zone may also vary. In addition, the penetration depth of the hardface layer can differ, which may significantly alter the load-bearing cross-section of the high-strength steel and, thus, the in-service behavior of the component. In the experimental work, hardfaced samples were performed on S690QL base material using different levels of heat input, thereby producing varying penetration depths. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of penetration depth on the resistance of the hardfaced component to dynamic loading. The tests were carried out at both +20 °C and –40 °C. The results clearly demonstrated that samples with deeper penetration exhibited reduced toughness at both investigated temperatures.
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Egy világméretű sportesemény, a 2017 Vizes Világbajnokság néhány társadalmi aspektusa a jövő managereinek szemszögéből a felkészülési időszakban
40-59Views:1015Hungary hosts the 2017 FINA World Championships and Master’s Championships, one of the world’s largest sport event. Besides exploring the influential factors behind the potential effectivity, this study aims to identify social effects related to the event. Students in higher education today are the next generation of managers and company owners, therefore their attitudes and opinions will be determinative in terms of the decision-making. The empirical research took place in the University of Debrecen, the most populouses University of Hungary, 6 month before the official opening ceremony of the Championships.
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Analysis of Henbuk Startup Value Using a Scorecard Assessment Method
1-12Views:404This study aims to determine the valuation value of Henbuk's startup by conducting qualitative and quantitative analyses. Henbuk is a startup engaged in e-commerce. The Henbuk startup is currently in the initial funding stage, and the founders are opening opportunities for investors, which can later support operational and development activities. In obtaining funding from investors, the Henbuk startup requires an initial assessment of the company's value. The score assessment consists of several indicators, e.g., quality of the founder and team, opportunity size, product and technology, competition, marketing, sales and partnerships, and the need for additional investment. The results of the value assessment are obtained by using the Scorecard Assessment Method. The results of this study may help to determine the real value of other start-ups for the investors in the future.
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Changes in the financing of domestic research and development
153-161Views:303Nowadays, the fourth industrial revolution is taking place at an incredible speed, with innovation at its heart. Of this, R & D funding is of paramount importance, which is directly or indirectly one of the most important tools for increasing corporate competitiveness. The study examines trends in domestic R & D expenditures over the past one and a half decades. It focuses on the extent to which the financial crisis has affected the amount of funding resources and their structure. From an international comparison, Hungary and the European Union spend much less on research and development than those in the global competition. The impact of the crisis is reflected in the decline in the growth dynamics of R & D expenditures, but it has not been solved solely as a result of the crisis. Changes in the domestic structure of expenditures in recent years are encouraging and are in sync with the change in attitude that is considered desirable in R & D funding. If we examine the domestic statistical data more thoroughly, we can no longer be very satisfied. However, from trends in data from recent years, it becomes apparent that neither Hungary nor the European Union will achieve the 1.8 and 3.0 per cent of GDP R & D spending by 2020.
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On Institutional Services from Foreign Students’ Perspective – What Makes a Higher Educational Institution Multicultural?
343-363Views:319Higher education is of the utmost importance in terms of the competitiveness of every nation, including the Hungarian economy, therefore it is considered determinant for the future to survey student mobility of foreign students pursuing their studies in Hungary. Demographic decline that is characteristic to Hungary, already makes its influence felt in higher education, therefore internationalisation of institutions is of essential importance in terms of their operation and sustainability. Currently, it cannot remain unmentioned that it is a question of vital importance for domestic higher education institutions – and this process might only be further strengthened in the future – how they are able to compensate declining domestic demand by making their workshops attractive to foreign students and researchers.
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Selection of Possible Installation Sites for Sour Cherry Refrigerated Containers and Estimation of Container Volumes to be Installed Using GIS Tools
108-115Views:225The purpose of this study is to propose the selection of installation sites based on publicly available data and sour cherry refrigeration container specifications, as well as to estimate the number of containers to be installed at possible sites. Today's escalating fuel supply and fuel price extremes make it particularly important to develop a sensible logistics sub-solution in the complex process of production, harvesting, storage, processing and sales. We undertook to develop a geospatial system that can be built and operated economically, its data sources can be updated occasionally or even at regular intervals, it is suitable for producing other outputs with additional descriptive or spatial data.
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A Literature Review of Modern Branding
63-73Views:561In the modern business landscape, branding goes beyond identifying products and services; it has become a crucial factor for corporate success. The leadership branding, and employer branding emerges as a key strategic tool in gaining competitive advantage, fostering loyalty, and enhancing engagement. Personal branding, as the conscious presentation of individual values and capabilities, supports leaders in strengthening credibility and trust. Leadership branding encapsulates a leader’s personality and style, serving as an inspiring example within the organization. Moreover, employer branding reflects the corporate culture and workplace values, making the organization attractive to talented employees. The aim of the study is to demonstrate how personal branding, including leadership branding and employer branding, can contribute to the more successful operation of a company, highlighting the synergy between the different levels of branding and their economic and social impacts.
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CSR Reporting Practices of Hungarian Banks
70-81Views:302The disclosure of information on the exercise of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the tool most frequently used by companies to promote understanding of the social and environmental performance of an organisation and to improve relationships with stakeholders. For most of the world’s largest companies, reporting on non-financial information appears to be a continuing trend, so it is essential to present the new corporate reporting trends of the 21st century. The disclosure of socially responsible information will be analysed, with a focus on the application of the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines related to CSR. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the best-known framework for voluntary reporting of environmental and social performance by business worldwide. The main objective of the paper is to explore the corporate voluntary disclosure practices of the listed and non-listed banks in Hungary. The extent of voluntary disclosure has significantly improved for decades worldwide, but the situation is not that obvious regarding the Hungarian financial sector. This paper aims to describe the status of disclosure practices of corporate sustainability in the annual reports, sustainability reports or CSR reports of the banking industry in Hungary. Also, increased corporate visibility and financial risk increase stakeholder demand for transparency on the social impact of financial institutions and their CSR practices. Finally, the analysis and subsequent comparison of available CSR reports of banks will be presented.
