Keresés

Keresési eredmények

• Kísérlet a poena extraordinaria egy jelentésének feltárására a 18. század második felének debreceni ítélkezési gyakorlatában

  121-135

  Biczó András

  Megtekintések száma:

  138

  In my essay I analyze a possible semantic content of poena extraordinaria. Int the first part of the study can be found on interpretation concerning the different meanings of poena ordinaria and poena extraordinaria. In my hypothesis I suppose if the crime hasn't been entirely proved by accuser then the judge has to apply the category of poena extraordinaria. I examine three criminal brief of cases from Debrecen at 18th century in the second part; trying to verify my hypothesis.

• A software-rel kapcsolatos alapvető szabályok nemzetközi aspektusból – különös tekintettel a német jogi megoldásokra

  Papp Tekla

  Auer Ádám

  Megtekintések száma:

  90

  Competion in the field of Informational Techonology influences our everyday life; a competion realized in a global playground, not reduced into a national framework. Joining the discussion around optimal software protection, we introduce some foreign software regulations in our essay from different given aspects, and finally we analyse German legal solutions regarding softwares. Observation of foreign regulations related to softwares and their protection is needed because there are still a lot of unanswered questions around software as a legal instrument. Inadequacy of copyright to serve protection of softwares and the need to create sui generis protection come up in the latest researches. Furthermore, the number of inventions supported by IT and the number of software supported technological solutions increase in our days, and that moves this legal instrument into the field of patent jurisdictions and industrial property. Efficient legal protection is both a tool and a goal in the system, since elaboration and support of genuine ideas are priority interests. According to our opinion, it is not only the task but also the obligation of private law – as the law regulating basic rights of natural persons and legal entities in personal and financial context – to set up proper regulation in this system.

• A „távollétes ügyek” egyes elméleti és gyakorlati kérdései a büntetőeljárásban

  Tarr Ágnes

  Megtekintések száma:

  56

  The idea of simplification of the law of criminal procedure has been an interesting topic in the science of law for a long time. Practical necessities, namely the overburdening of the criminal courts and the new challenges of the criminal law called this concept into life. Finishing up a procedure in a reasonable time limit is a very crucial interest – as it was pointed out several times by the Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers and also the Hungarian Constitutional Court. As the international principle declared in the Human Rights says everyone has the right to plead its case within a reasonable period and it can only be achieved that way.

  Because of the reasonable time limit required for a procedure, various simplifications of methods have been introduced into the national systems of criminal procedure. As a part of this process several legal institutions were introduced in the Hungarian law system aiming to accelerate the legal procedure. One of them, which is called special procedure against absent accused, is regulated by Chapter XXIV. of the Law of Criminal Procedure.

  This essay deals with this special procedure in details. Firstly I show through a short international outlook how the procedure against absent accused appears in the practice of the European Council and the European Union. Hereafter a certain case is examined in details where the European Court for Human Rights considered the necessity of the accused person’s appearance. The Court established a principle if the absence of the accused had hurt the requirements of the fair trial. According to this the appearance of the accused person is necessary if it could play a role in the forming of the Court’s opinion.

  Next, I examine the problems connected to the Hungarian regulations because recently serious constitutional worries have appeared related to this legal institution. As a result of this the Constitutional Court made its decision (n. 14/2004) and found many paragraphs of the then existing legal institution unconstitutional. Based on this Decision I go through in details all the problems and requirements related to this procedure. In the light of this, the regulation effective from the 1^st of January, 2005 is described, which – according to my opinion – meets the requirements made by the Constitutional Court, so it is exceptional and provisional.

  In the next chapter certain practical experiences of the procedure against absent accused are examined. Here it is stated that the application of this legal institution is the rarest among the legal institutions aiming the acceleration of legal procedures. I explain it by the fact that this is a relatively young legal institution and there was not enough time since it was introduced to give certain conclusions, moreover the application is limited concerning the range of individuals. As a conclusion it can be stated that the application is more common in those cases where the accused is abroad but does not stay in an unknown place. I call the attention to some problems emerged in the practice as the protection of the accused, or the delivery of the copy of indictment and summons, etc.

  As a final conclusion it can be stated that using this legal institution is not so common but the importance of this will increase in the future by joining to the EU because of the easier way of crossing the boards. Hopefully the regulation, which suits to the requirements of the Constitutional Court, will be proper to gain its original aim, namely to simplify and accelerate the legal procedure.

• A közigazgatási büntetőjog fejlődése a német jogban

  Árva Zsuzsanna

  Megtekintések száma:

  45

  In dieser Studie versuche ich die historische Entwicklung des Begriffs Verwaltungsstrafrechts, die Änderungen der Dogmatik und die Kodifikation des Ordnungswidrigkeitenrechts vorstellen. Das Rechtswissenschaft interessierte sich lange für die Wesensverschiedenheit zwischen Verbrechen, Vergehen und Übertretungen, also das Problem der Dreiteilung, aber die wichtigste von diesen Fragen war der qualitativ- quantitative Charakter des Unterschiedes zwischen den Übertretungen und den anderen Delikten. Weitere Schwierigkeit war die Festsetzung der Natur der Übertretungen und der Poliezeiübertretungen. Diese Frage war auch ein Forschungengebiet der Internationale Kriminalistische Vereinigung, aber nach viele Kongress und Landesversammlung bliebte die Probleme nicht gelöst.
  Die Bestimmung des selbständigen Verwaltungsstrafrechts versuchten zahlreichen Experten. In 1902 publizierte James Goldschmidt eine Monographie über das Verwaltungsstrafrecht, und leitete seine Theorie von Begriffen Verwaltungswidrigkeit und Verwaltungsdelikt ab und unterschneidete das Verfassungsstrafrecht und Verwaltungsstrafrecht. Der Arbeit löste eine heftige Diskussion aus. Die wesentliche Punkte der Diskussion waren weiterhin die folgende: die strarfrechtliche und die verwaltungsrechtliche Natur der Übertretungen.
  Nach 1945 veränderte sich sehr das Strafrecht und das Nebenstrafrecht im deutschen Recht. Im Wirtschaftstrafgesetz von 1949 traff eine materialle Unterscheidung nach Methode Eberhard Schmidt zwischen Straftaten und Ordnungswidrigkeiten. Auf dieser Grundlage schaffte der Bundesgesetzgeber das Gesetz über Ordnungswidrigkeiten vom 25. März 1952. Nach dem Inkrafttreten dieses Gesetz waren keine Ordnungswidrigkieten mit Freiheitstrafe bedroht, und die wichtigste Sanktionart war die Geldbußstrafe. Der Arrest bleibte nur als zwingende Sanktion neben der Geldbusse eingeführt, damit löste auch die verfassungsrechtlichen Problemen.
  Die Kodifikation war notwendig, weil das OWiG 1952 ein Rahmengesetz war, und Organistaions- und Verfahrensproblemen tauchten auf, beispielweise über die Vereinbarkeit den Ordnungswidrigkeiten und den Verwaltungsregelwidrigkeiten.
  In 1968 kam zustande das Gesetz über Ordnungswidrigkeiten, aber mit der neuen Kodifikation wurden die Diskussion nicht geschlossen. Das Gesetz gibt eine formelle Definition: eine Ordnungswidrigkeit ist eine tatbestandmässige, rechtswidrige und vorwerfbare Handlung, der mit Geldbusse bedroht ist. Aber die Frage der materiellen Definiton der Ordnungswidrigkeiten eschäftigen die Rechtsliteratur bis auf den heutigen Tag.
  Endlich stelle ich in diese Studie die grundlgenden materiellrechtlichen und verfahrensrechtlichen Rechtsinstituten vor, also den Geltungsbereich des Gesetzes, die Grundlagen der Ahndung, das Sanktion des Ordnungswidrigkeit, also die Geldbuße, und das Geldbußverfahren.

• A szerzői jog büntetőjogi védelme és annak harmonizációja

  Herpai Gábor

  Megtekintések száma:

  31

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A monoki Andrássy-hitbizomány bemutatása

  Lukács Nikolett

  Megtekintések száma:

  44

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Carlos Felipe Amunátegui Perelló: Origen de los poderes del paterfamilias. El pater familias y la patria potestas.

  24-27

  Nótári Tamás

  Megtekintések száma:

  58

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A bírói pervezetés és szubjektivitás – befolyásolás a tárgyalóteremben

  59-65

  Resán Dalma

  Megtekintések száma:

  129

  The image of the judicial proceeding and the impressions of the participants are defined by various facts. These are important things, because the prestigious environment and the skill-based human approach are key factors in the acceptance of the judgments. The article analyzes the possibilities of the judicial influence through examples: like the condition of the buildings, the appearance and behavior of the employees and the staff. The statements made by the accused during the investigations are also very important within these topics, because they can justify the charge and predict the process of the proceedings. The personality of judge has great importance in the lead of the proceedings – for example tone, questioning style, situation awareness and logic. These things above are definitely specify the way of the proceedings.

• A roma és a nem roma együttélést zavaró bűnözés

  59-70

  Vinkler Éva

  Megtekintések száma:

  151

  Geschichte über eine Gemeinschaft und ihr Los. Die, einen schweren Weg zurücklegen haben, trotzdem sind sie nie nach Hause angekommen und haben nie ihre Heimat gefunden. Geschichte über die, wir so wenig wissen, aber alles glauben. Über die, die meisten denken, dass sie nur durch Unterstützung und Kriminalität leben, scheuen die Arbeit und geben die meisten Aufgaben den Polizisten. Es ist die Geschichte von den Zigeunern. In meiner Artikel möchte ich die Antwort suchen, warum verbindet man die Zigeuner mit der Kriminalität wohl oder übel. In dieser Hinsicht der Vorurteile versuchte ich das Thema durch die Historie der Zigeuner beleuchten, natürlich nur die wesentliche Tatsachen erwähnt. Das Thema ist sehr weit, und heutzutage allgemein beliebt. Das Problem interessiert viele Menschen, und viele probieren es lösen. An Hand von dieser strebte ich mich eine Vorstellung zu machen, welche diese Vorurteile sind, wie die öffentliche Meinung beeinflussen, sowie einige Lösungen empfehlen, natürlich objektiv.

• A fogyasztói adásvétel egyes kérdéseinek szabályozása és joggyakorlata Szlovákiában

  119-136.

  Mészáros Peter

  Megtekintések száma:

  124

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• A strasbourgi bíróság jogfejlesztő tevékenysége és az „európai konszenzus”

  32-39

  Kémeri Zsófia Eszter

  Megtekintések száma:

  44

  The European Convention on Human Rightsin collaboration with the European Court of Human Rights created a jurisprudence which is simply the most effective system in international human rightsprotection. Based on the Convention’s Preamble, European countries intend to create a common European legal system and develop the cooperation between the “likeminded European countries” through the common heritage of democracy and the rule of law. Keep pace with the needs of present-day society would be difficult for the Court, but using the principles of interpretation of the Convention, the court seems to be able to maintain a balance between development and stability.With the use of evolutive interpretation, the Convention is a so-called living instrument which means that the Court interpret the document according to the present-day conditions. Based on this assumption, I wish to examine the principle of evolutive interpretation adopted by the Strasbourg Court, which has a major role in the so-called European consensus. In the first part of the essay, I discuss the types of consensus-analyzes using by the Strasbourg court, and later I scrutinize the historical aspects of the evolutive interpretation and its practical relevance in the Court’s case-law. After that, I analyze the justification of the principle and I mention the criticisms formulated against the evolutive interpretation. Finally, I consider that the purposes about the closer union among the European countries established by the Preamble and the effective protection of human rights could not occur without the implementation of evolutive interpretation

• Az egyesülettel összefüggő új polgári jogi szabályozás az alkotmánybírósági határozatok tükrében

  Kaprinay Zsófia

  Megtekintések száma:

  84

  After the creation of the Basic Law of Hungary, and following a drawn discussion Act CLXXV of 2011 on the Right of Association and the Operation and Funding of Civil Society organizations has come into force (hereinafter referred to as Civil Act). The Civil Act repealed a lot former provitions, thus the Act II. of 1989 on the Right of Association, the law concerning non-profit status, and the provitions related to association of the previous Civil Code. The new Act V of 2013 in the Civil Code has also brought significant changes according to associations.

  The base of the rules has changed considerabely, as the permissive legislation, and the freedom of the parties has become the main line.

  At present to association the Civil Act, the new regulations about the court registration of associations – such as Act CLXXXI of 2011 –, and the provisions concerning legal persons and associations of the new Civil Code should be applied.

  Since the relevant legal regulation has changed, the previous judicial practice is not applicable, courts have to answer the questions among the new legal circumstances as well. However it is sure that the basis of association is the right of association which is a constitutional fundamental right. Due to these significant changes in this paper I have examined those important Constitutional Court Rulings which can be connected with the right of association, and I have tried to compare the decisions of the Constitutional Court with the new present regulation.

• A fiatalkorúakkal szemben alkalmazható büntetések és intézkedések, különös tekintettel a szabadságvesztés büntetésre és a javítóintézeti nevelésre

  Rajzinger Ágnes

  Megtekintések száma:

  81

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A élettársi kapcsolatról a hatályos bírói gyakorlat és a Ptk. Koncepció alapján

  Ács Alexandra

  Megtekintések száma:

  46

  An examination of the statistical data reveals that the number of marriages concluded has significantly decreased in recent years, accompanied by an increase in divorce cases. In a parallel way, there is a growing number of domestic partnerships.[1]

  This study surveys the judicial practice of this field in the past two decades with the intention of attempting to describe and shed some light on the essence of domestic partnership in Hungary by way of discussing some of the most important cases and the relevant provisions of law. In view of the fact that preparation for the codification of the new Civil Code is now under way and new rules are expected to enter into force in 2 or 3 years, the changes anticipated in this area are also briefly addressed in the study. Since the Proposal intends to change the current legal provisions in three areas, special emphasis was laid on these, namely:

  1. Under certain conditions, as defined by law, alimony may be awarded to a formal domestic partner.

  2. Continued use of the place of residence earlier shared with the former domestic partner is possible also after the termination of the domestic partnership.

  3. A former domestic partner may request that the property relations be settled after the termination of the domestic partnership. 

  ---

  [1] Domestic partnerships were first surveyed in Hungary in the 1970 census: the number of such relationships, which was 62 thousand in 1970, doubled by 1990, and increased by nearly four and half times by 2001. As a result of these developments, 74% of the 2,869,000 families counted were based on a married couple. Ten years before this proportion was still 80%, while three decades ago it was as high as 88%. (Népszámlálás [Census], Vol. 2001, no. 19. “Family types, family forms”, KSH, p. 17).

• A társadalomra veszélyesség – mint bűncselekmény fogalmi összetevő – értelmezése, különös tekintettel e fogalmi elem szükségességére, vagy elvetendőségére

  Zádor Orsolya

  Megtekintések száma:

  33

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Az élőlények jogalanyiságának környezeti etikai háttere

  Bányai Orsolya

  Megtekintések száma:

  112

  In the focus of the discipline of environmental ethics stands the moral relationship between human beings and the environment. The development of this science was necessary due to the traditional anthropocentrical approach, which provided an excellent moral base for the exploitation of our natural environment.

  Although nature was the focus of much of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, contemporary environmental ethics only emerged as an academic discipline in the 1970s. Basically two main lines can be distinguished: the invidualistic and the holistic approach. The main idea of individualism (biocentric), similarly to traditional anthropocentrical paradigm, is that only individuals can represent value, which must be respected by others. These individuals are not only human beings, but all living being?, because each individual living thing in nature - whether it is an animal, a plant, or a micro-organism - is a ‘teleological-center-of-life’ having a good or well-being of its own which can be enhanced or damaged, and that all individuals who are teleological-centers-of life have equal intrinsic value (or ‘inherent worth’) which entitles them to moral respect. The holistic approach offers a totally different solution by extending the moral concern to the whole biosphere.

  Hereinafter this article, along with the most popular disciplines of environmental ethics, examines whether non human beings can have legal standing or not.

• Bűnhődés bűn nélkül - A kikényszerített elsajátított hamis vallomás

  66-71

  Siket Zsuzsanna

  Megtekintések száma:

  57

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A fiatalkorú tanú büntetőeljárásbeli szerepe - avagy mit érzékel ebből a közvélemény

  36-43

  Bardi Anett

  Megtekintések száma:

  77

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A kényszervallatás tényállásának értelmezéséhez

  86-95

  Gyöngy Réka

  Megtekintések száma:

  185

  Absztrakt nélkül

• A tudás hatalma vs. a jog keretrendszere (?) Gondolatok a tudás, s különösen az ötlet jogi keretrendszerbe vonhatóságáról

  3-8

  Görög Márta

  Megtekintések száma:

  62

  Die Kernfrage des Aufsatzes lautet: Kann sämtliches Wissen in dem jeweiligen Rechtsrahmen ausgelegt werden? Ist alles Wissen rechtlich geschützt? Geistiges Eigentum steht für absolute Rechte an immateriellen Gütern. Als Geistiges Eigentum bezeichnet wird: Marken, Patente, Gebrauchsmuster, Geschmacksmuster und urheberrechtliche Nutzungsrechte. Es handelt sich um absolute Ausschließlichkeitsrechte, die gegenüber jedermann wirken. Aber doch kann die Idee als Monopolrecht verstehen? Die Idee kann urheberrechtlich nicht geschützt werden, kann als der Teil des Gewerblichen Rechts, oder des Geistigen Eigentumsrecht ipso iure nicht beurteilt werden, nur dann, wenn sie als Geheimnis ausgelegt werden kann, oder manifestiert ist.

• A szerv- és szövetadományozás polgári jogi érvényesíthetõsége, avagy jogi szabályozásának ellentmondásai

  Kiss Nóra

  Megtekintések száma:

  50

  Developments in the last centuries in the fields of pharmacy and surgery have had a beneficial effect on the treatment of various diseases and injuries. As a result these two areas have attracted the support and admiration both of the scientific world and the general public.

  The examination of the effects of taking part by human beings has become unavoidable in the healing process. This relationship is unusually complex regards scientific opportunities and fragile in respect of people’s defencelessness.

  Important legal background material is available today relating to organ transplantations. It must be recognized, however, that this legal corpus has been a long time in the making and is still taking shape even today. Although people are trying to establish suitable legal framework for medical law, there are still some weak points and „prejudices”. Nowadays it is necessary to make an attempt at reconciling medical science and law not forgetting about the fact that their approaches are different.

  Medical law is not just about damages. Informing about the topic, the rights and the possibilities, preventing the trials: all of these things are more important. First of all, this is a life-saving procedure and money can not „repair” the problem in that case. Although it sounds cliché, it is true: you can not replace the unpurchasable organ by money. On the other hand, this should be a teamwork between the donors and recipients. They have to cooperate. The „job” of the law – which tries to be objective while it makes rules- should be to consider both views.

  It is well-known that the waitinglists are very long. What is the reason? What kind of solution is able to make the waiting-time shorter? These are very serious questions but the efficient transplantation is the most important. Transplantation is one thing and surviving it is another. And top of all that there is the problem of the „tragedy of the transplantation”: it is often said that donors have no rights. Which should/ can be preferred : the right to live or the right to voluntarism?! Can you decide which system (opt-in or opt-out donation system) gives better solution?!

  Giving a right answer is not so easy. Opt-out system may increase the level of available organs but it does not mean necessarily that there will be more organs for donation with absolute certainty. That is why you can not say simply that the „donor-licence” is a bad idea. There are lot of „ingredients” you should consider: technical developments, public education and last but not least social acceptance. According to the law in the opt-out system doctors should not ask the relatives about their opinions but it is said they usually do it. Is this an efficient system?!

  In my opinion an effective „dialogue” is needed -not only between law and medical science but between the organ donation systems, too- for the sake of a „flexible” legal background which can take part actively in our everydays in the 21st century. 

• A társadalomra veszélyességben való tévedés gyakorlati jelentősége a gazdasági bűncselekmények kapcsán

  Mónusné Kiss Katalin

  Megtekintések száma:

  45

  In this study I examined the error, one of the grounds for the preclusion and termination of punishability. Grounds for the preclusion of punishability and grounds for the termination of punishability, mean that punishability shall be precluded. Error, as an obstacle of the preclusion of punishability, doesn’t happened as usually as other grounds for the preclusion of punishability, for example: insane mental state, constraint and menace. The error means- 27. §- the perpetrator shall not be punishable for a fact, of which he was not aware on perpetration. The person, who commits an act in the erroneous hypothesis that it is not dangerous for society and who has reasonable ground for this hypothesis, shall not be punishable. Error shall not exclude punishability, if it is caused by negligence, and the law also punishes perpetration deriving from negligence. I examined how often the judge accept an error, if the person commit a crime, for example: tax fraud, practise usury, bribe somebody. Is it exceptional or not? When can the perpetrator of a crime refer to error? What examine judge?

• Szabad felhasználás és kultúra – Észrevételek a Gowers-jelentéssel kapcsolatban

  Mezei Péter

  Megtekintések száma:

  26

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Máthé Gábor – Gecsényi Lajos: Sub Clausula – 1920, 1947. Dokumentumok két békeszerződés – Trianon, Párizs – történetéből (Gecsényi Lajos–Máthé Gábor (szerk.): Sub Clausula – 1920, 1947. Dokumentumok két békeszerződés – Trianon, Párizs – történetéből. Buda

  Matura Tamás

  Megtekintések száma:

  39

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Adalékok a (büntető)jog és irodalom témaköréhez: Koestler és Camus a halálbüntetésről

  29-36

  Tóth J. Zoltán

  Megtekintések száma:

  51

  Absztrakt  nélkül.