Keresés

Keresési eredmények

• A felmondási rendszerek dogmatikai csoportosítása

  75-77

  Csák Zsolt

  Megtekintések száma:

  89

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Békefenntartás és humanitárius intervenció a ruandai népirtás idején

  86-92

  Pető Alexandra

  Megtekintések száma:

  132

  Absztrakt nélkül

• Távoltartás osztrák mintára?

  107-119

  Tóth Andrea Noémi

  Megtekintések száma:

  194

  De temps en temps, on entend de tristes nouvelles à propos de la violence familiale. On
  voulait appliquer un moyen efficace contre ces faits; un moyen à empêcher l’auteur du crime
  de retourner à la victime ou de la contacter à son lieu de travail ou à n’importe quel endroit
  précisé par la décision du tribunal. Ce moyen est l’injonction d’éloignement qui existe dans la
  procédure pénale hongroise depuis 2006. Le législateur hongrois avait un modèle : le système
  autrichien qui existe et fonctionne très bien depuis 1997 déjà. C'est pour cela qu'on doit le
  connaître mieux et que j'ai décidé de le présenter. Étant réglé par plusieurs lois et décrets, il a
  trois piliers: expulsion et interdiction d’entrée par la police (Wegweisung und
  Betretungsverbot); une ordonnance de référé par le tribunal (Einstweilige Verfügung); et les
  centres de refuge qui aident les victimes à atteindre à une assistance juridique.
  La réglementation hongroise voulait suivre précisement celle en Autriche, mais on trouve
  plusieurs différences, qui diminuent l’efficacité de la mesure et on peut dire qu’elle ne
  fonctionne pas parfaitement. En même temps, on peut établir un parallèle entre les
  réglementations hongroises et autrichiennes, parce qu’on a la possibilité d’appliquer
  l‘injonction d’éloignement par la police et par le tribunal aussi dans les deux états.
  Il est important de montrer les divergences aussi, ainsi, on doit remarquer qu’il n’y aucun
  système des institutions en Hongrie, qui pourrait être équivivale des centres de refuge
  autrichiens. Ensuite, on ne trouve pas du tout des règles détaillées par exemple en domain de
  l’exécution et le contrôle de la mesure. Il manque un système des institutions, qui se
  chargerait un rôle si marquant en domain de l‘exécution de la mesure et de la défense des
  victimes.
  Enfin, on peut souligner que le législateur hongrois adoptait l’injonction d’éloignement dans
  le système juridique hongrois comme une mesure coercitive dans la procédure pénale, mais en
  Autriche, on ne le trouve pas parmi les mesures coercitives pendant la procédure pénale. C’est un problèm fondamental, qui détermine les règles et diminue l’efficacité de la marche. Il y a
  des insuffisances bases en Hongrie, en face du système en Autriche, où la mesure fonctionne
  bien et on voit l’efforts pour perfectionner les règes.

• A közbeszerzési szerződések módosítása

  57-62

  Tarkó Izabel Ágnes

  Megtekintések száma:

  137

  In the recent study we examine the Public Procurement Law as a clear framework for possibilities to amend procurement contracts after completion of the tender procedure in Hungary.

  Under the amendments, further modification of procurement contracts is permitted if the modifications are non-substantial; or substantial, but in exceptional circumstances could apply regardless of whether the modifications are substantial or not.

  Substantial modifications are modifications that would have made a difference to bidding or participation or selection of tenderers, or where the economic balance – risks and their compensatory measures – are changed in the favour of the supplier, or including work not provided for by the initial contract, replacing the supplier.

  Substantial modifications are permitted only if the tender documentation has clearly provided for the possibility and if the conditions on which the modifications plus the extent and nature of possible modifications are acceptable, or if the modifications are made within a specific negotiating procedure, or if the supplier is replaced due to restructuring or transfer of enterprises by law.

  So far the contracting authorities are very limited in the scope of modifications. This meant the Act CXLIII of 2015 on Public Procurement provides quite strict conditions to bind economically more successful contracts. Additionally we examine the new EU Directive on public procurement and Case Pressetext (C-454/06) of the European Court provides the guidelines which even substantial modifications of contracts are permitted without carrying out a new tender procedure.

• A vétőképtelen személy károkozásáért való felelősség

  92-101

  Varga Nelli

  Megtekintések száma:

  328

  The new Hungarian Civil Code also modernizes the non-contractual liability law in several aspects. Even if the so-called general clause of non-contractual liability reamains unchanged, its contstitutive elements are regulated in detail in the new Civil Code. The new Code also introduces some new provisions with regard to liability for dameges caused by a person of lack of discretionary power. The objektive of this survey is to present these changes and to examine its possible impacts on judicial practice.

• A cselekvőképességet korlátozó gondnokság

  Fehér Mariann Andrea

  Megtekintések száma:

  94

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• ”Alkalmazni vagy nem alkalmazni, az itt a kérdés” avagy Az Európa-jog időbeli alkalmazhatóságának kérdése az újonnan csatlakozott tagállamokban

  Havas Lóránt

  Megtekintések száma:

  121

  Az Európai Unióhoz való csatlakozás számos jogi kérdést vet fel, amelyek közül az egyik az acquis communautaires időbeli alkalmazásához köthető. Pontosan melyik pillanattól és mely ügyekre alkalmazzuk az új jogrendet? A Csatlakozási Szerződésekben ez a kérdés a következő módon nyert szabályozást: „A csatlakozás időpontjától kezdődően az eredeti szerződések rendelkezései és az intézmények (…) által a csatlakozást megelőzően elfogadott jogi aktusok az új tagállamok számára kötelezőek, és az említett szerződésekben, illetve az ebben az okmányban megállapított feltételekkel alkalmazandók ezekben az államokban.”

  Az így kimondott alapelv alkalmazása azonban nehézségekbe ütközhet, mégpedig az olyan jogi szituációkban, amelyek a csatlakozást megelőző periódusban jöttek létre és jogi hatásaikat vagy azok egy részét már a csatlakozás utáni közegben fejtik ki. Az ilyen helyzetek egy részére még a csatlakozást megelőző jogrend szabályait kell alkalmazni (C-321/97 Andersson vagy C-302/04 Ynos), míg más esetekben (C-43/95 Data Delecta vagy C-122/96 Saldanha) a Közösségi jog alkalmazandó a csatlakozás időpontjától kezdődően. Az ezen esetek közötti különbségtételt szolgálják az Európa-jog időbeli alkalmazhatóságának szabályai, amelyeket az Európai Bíróság ítélkezési gyakorlatából szűrhetünk le.

  A dolgozat sorra veszi az általam fontosnak tartott jogeseteket az 1973-ban eldöntött Westzucker ügytől egészen a 2006. januárjában, az Ynos v Varga János ügyben hozott ítéletig.

  A Metallurgiki-ban kimondott tétel szerint „a Közösségi jog ab initio és in toto alkalmazandó az új tagállamokra a csatlakozás időpontjától, ettől eltérni csak az átmeneti intézkedésekben előírt módon lehet”. A már említett Data Delecta vagy Saldanha esetekben úgy tűnhet, hogy az EB kiterjesztő módon értelmezi az alapelvet és olyan helyzetekre is előírja a Közösségi jog alkalmazandóságát, amelyek tényállásbeli elemei egytől-egyig a csatlakozás előtti periódusban valósultak meg; azonban az eljárás elhúzódása folytán a nemzeti procedurális szabályokat már a Közösségi jog fényében kell vizsgálni.

  Az Andersson ügy jelentős hozadéka a különbségtétel a már véglegesen rendezést nyert esetek (situation définitivement fixée) valamint a függő szituációk (situation continue en cours) között. Az előbbi esetekre a csatlakozás előtti szabályok, míg az utóbbira a csatlakozás utáni (európa-jogi) szabályok érvényesek.

  Az egyik első magyar döntéshozatali kérelem nyomán született Ynos ítéletben az EB úgy találta, hogy a kérdéses esetre nem a Közösségi jog az alkalmazandó. A Bíróság ítélete egyfelől illeszkedik az Andersson által meghatározott csapásirányba, másfelől azonban intő jelként is lehet értelmezni az “új fiúk” irányába. A minden korábbi csatlakozási hullámnál nagyobb léptékű 2004-es kibővülés után az Európai Bíróság talán nem véletlenül óvatosabban bánik az acquis alkalmazandóságának kérdésével.

• A jogi személy büntetőjogi felelőssége

  Kovács Zsuzsa Gyöngyvér

  Megtekintések száma:

  185

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Bűnhődés bűn nélkül - A kikényszerített elsajátított hamis vallomás

  66-71

  Siket Zsuzsanna

  Megtekintések száma:

  153

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Gondolatébresztő a PPP magyarországi alkalmazásához

  66-73

  Varga Judit

  Megtekintések száma:

  171

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Gyermektartásdíjat megállapító határozatok hazai és külföldi végrehajtásának elméleti és gyakorlati kérdései

  9-21

  Kerekes Szilvia

  Megtekintések száma:

  132

  Absztrakt nélkül

• Az alternatív vitarendezés lehetőségei és korlátai az egészségügyi szolgáltatók és a betegek közötti konfliktusok tekintetében

  55-63

  Zákány Judit

  Megtekintések száma:

  130

  Absztrakt nélkül

• A személyes szabadsághoz való jog érvényesülése a Bűnvádi Perrendtartásban

  Szabó Zsanett

  Megtekintések száma:

  165

  In this study, first of all I am dealing with the question, how the right to personal liberty prevails in the Bűnvádi Perrendtartás, however at the beginning I would like to introduce how the law for the personal liberty formed and how it appeared in Hungary and in the international documents, so in the British, American and French law as well.

  The most serious barrier of the personal liberty is the criminal law, so i find it especially important to examine that for this reason what kind of safeguards were placed into the Bűnvádi Perrendtartás.

  In general it can be said that the most important guarantees of the personal liberty are found in the principles of the criminal law, for example presumption of innocence, and through this it prevails in the Bűnvádi Perrendtartás' system.

  Firstable the limitation of the personal liberty has to be looked in the coercive measures, so I studied the pre-trial detention institution, that besides the basic principle what kind of safeguards were brought in by the legislature.

  In the end, it can be said that the right to personal liberty influences the whole Bűnvádi Perrendtartás, and in the cases where there were limitations, they always solved it with a safeguard.

• A természetvédelmi igazgatás szervezetrendszere Magyarországon

  Bányai Orsolya

  Megtekintések száma:

  92

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Az ítélkezési szabály, mint az eljárásjogok létezését megalapozó kategória Hart szabály-elméletében

  Nyilas Anna

  Megtekintések száma:

  125

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A mezőgazdasági őstermelők speciális jövedelemadózási és társadalombiztosítási kötelezettségei

  Szilágyi Bernadett

  Megtekintések száma:

  116

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Néhány gondolat a női munkavállalók közösségi szintű védelméről

  38-46

  Zaccaria Márton Leó

  Megtekintések száma:

  150

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Az egészségügyi ellátás során bekövetkező károkért való felelősség alapvető jellemzői Franciaországban

  53-58

  Zákány Judit

  Megtekintések száma:

  219

  Absztrakt nélkül

• Az orvostudomány elméleti, gyakorlati eredményei és a büntetőjog kapcsolata

  1-8

  Béky Ágnes Enikő

  Megtekintések száma:

  278

  In the 19th Century the results of the natural sciences – physics, chemistry –, the technical
  achievements incorporated in the medical science, and made the medical science an intensive
  progress. This article presents the scientific results, which have the largest relevance regard
  the criminal law and which have a significant impact on the science of criminal law and its
  affiliates.
  The advance of medical science results the appearance on the one part the expansion of the
  medical knowledge and medical tasks, on the other hand new offenses and new types of
  evidence. The practical application of the results of medical research into the criminal
  procedure (blood tests, DNA test, etc.) allows primary the faster detection in the investigative
  stage of criminal proceedings, and the making of more reasonable judgments. On the territory
  of psychiatry are very important the results of research of the state of consciousness, that
  influence the offenders culpableness, because they give an answer to the question, in what
  consciousness was the offender at the time of the crime.
  This article submitted the most important correspondences of the medical science and
  criminal law, and it is established, that the results of the medical science support the further
  development of the criminal law and its affiliates.

• A tisztességtelen kereskedelmi gyakorlatok szabályozása és joggyakorlata Romániában

  213-241

  Kovács Bálint

  Megtekintések száma:

  179

• Az új Polgári Perrendtartás osztott tárgyalási rendszere az 1911. évi I. törvénycikk tükrében

  88-96

  Ferenczi Áron

  Megtekintések száma:

  210

  n my paper, I dealt with the divided trial system, because in the Conception of the New Code of Civil Procedure arised the idea, that the first-instance procedure will be regulated by the divided trial system. During my studies, I researched the trial system of the Act I of 1911, and I analyzed the sentencing practice in this era.

  First, I presented the matter of the trial system, as well as the two dominant trends in Hungary relating to the creation of civil action. The difference between the two trends, that distinct mesne process creates the civil action. According to one of them, the civil action is created when the defendant gets the statement of claim, or, on the other hand, when the defendant submits countermotion.

  In the next chapter, I intended to present the point of intersection of action, which legal institution separates the first-instance procedure to pre-trial hearing and the trial on the merits.

  After this chapter, I reportedtheresults of sentencing practice and cametotwoconclusions. Ontheonehand, thepre-trialhearinghangedfirefor a longtimebecause of theappealproceedings. Ontheotherhand, thesentencing practice wasnotconsistent, becausethecourtsused an incorrectterminology. Thecourtsdismissedtheproceedingsbeforethesubmission ofcountermotion, butaccordingtotheAct of 1911 themesneprocess of creating a civil actionwastosubmit a countermotion.

  Inconclusion, I thinkthe divided trial system of the New Code of Civil Procedure will be totally different than the divided trial system of the Act of 1911.

• A kisajátítás helye új magánjogi kódexünkben

  Andorkó Imre

  Megtekintések száma:

  286

  The expropriation is a neglected legal institution in the Hungarian law, especially in the civil law. Although the expropriation usually appears in the civil law codes of the European states, it is ambiguous of the aspect of the civil law. However, it cannot be ignored that the civil law aspects of the expropriation are very important.In the civil law literature the expropriation is discussed either as the original way of acquisition of property or as the limit of the public property relations.My lecture is about the theoretical problems of the expropriation in the system of civil law. This article will provide an overview of doctrinal opinions about expropriation law in the delayed codification and in the new Hungarian civil law codex.

• A polgári eljárások egyszerűsítése az Európai Unióban, különös tekintettel a kis pertárgyértékű ügyek szabályozására

  Nyilas Anna

  Megtekintések száma:

  118

  Introduced to reduce obstacles to the free movement of goods and persons, judicial cooperation in civil matters has become part and parcel of the new European area of justice. Creation of this area is meant to simplify the existing legal environment and to reinforce citizens' feeling of being part of a common entity. The Conclusions of the Tampere European Council state in this respect that “in a genuine European Area of Justice individuals and businesses should not be prevented or discouraged from exercising their rights by the incompatibility or complexity of legal or administrative systems in the Member States.”

  At present, the judicial cooperation in civil procedures is based on the Hague Programme, adopted by the 2004 Europen Council in Bruxelles.The Hague Programme requires that the Commission should translate the Hague objectives into concrete measures. To this end, the Annex to the Communication from the Commission to the Council and the. European Parliament on the Hague Programme, consists of an Action Plan listing the main actions and measures to be taken over the next five years, including a specific set of deadlines for their presentation to the Council and the European Parliament.

  The chapter dealing with this area is named „Strengthening justice”, and it includes amongst others the following tasks:

  • Specific Programme on Judicial Cooperation in Civil and Commercial Matters (2007)
  • Support by the Union to networks of judicial organisations and institutions (continuous)
  • Creating a „European Judicial culture”
  • Evaluation of quality of justice (Communication - 2006)
  • Creation, from the existing structures, of an effective European training network for judicial authorities for both civil and criminal matters (2007)

  The European Union has set itself the objective of maintaining and developing the European Union as an area of freedom, security and justice in which the free movement of persons is ensured. For the gradual establishment of such an area, the Community is to adopt, among others, the measures relating to judicial cooperation in civil matters needed for the proper functioning of the internal market.

  The Community has among other measures already adopted Council Regulation (EC) No 1348/2000 of 29 May 2000, on the service in the Member States of judicial and extrajudicial documents in civil or commercial matters; Council Decision 2001/470/EC of 28 May 2001, establishing a European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters; Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters; Regulation (EC) No 805/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004, creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims; Council Directive 2002/8/EC, of 27 January 2003, to improve access to justice in cross-border disputes by establishing minimum common rules relating to legal aid for such disputes; Council Regulation (EC) 2201/2003, of 27 November 2003, concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) 1347/2000; Regulation (EC) No 805/2004, of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004, creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims; Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council creating a European order for payment procedure; Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a European Small Claims Procedure.

  The disproportionate cost of litigation for small claims has led many Member States to provide simplified procedures for claims of small value which are intended to provide access to justice at a lower cost, thus influencing one of the three factors that determine the rationales in dispute resolution. The details of these procedures have been investigated and documented in detail in studies prepared for the Commission. The evidence from these reports suggests that the costs and timescale associated with the domestic simplified measures, and thus their use and utility to claimants, varies widely. A 1995 study for the Commission found evidence of how costs of cross-border claims were significant compared to the size of most potential claims, and that these costs varied substantially between Member States. The total costs of pursuing a cross-border claim with a value of € 2.000 was found to vary, depending on the combination of Member States, from € 980 to € 6.600, with an average quoted figure of € 2.489 for a proceeding at the plaintiff’s residence. The study also showed that due to different and conflicting costing rules part of the costs have to be paid even by successful plaintiffs.

  On 20 December 2002, the Commission adopted a Green Paper on a European order for payment procedure and on measures to simplify and speed up small claims litigation. The Green Paper launched a consultation on measures concerning the simplification and the speeding up of small claims litigation.

  The European Small Claims Procedure is meant to simplify and speed up litigation concerning small claims, whilst reducing costs, by offering an optional tool in addition to the possibilities existing under the laws of the Member States. This Regulation should also make it simpler to obtain the recognition and enforcement of a judgment given in a European Small Claims Procedure in another Member State, including judgements which were initially of a purely domestic nature. In order to facilitate the introduction of the procedure, the claimant should commence the European Small Claims Procedure by completing a claim form and lodging it at the competent court or tribunal. In order to reduce costs and delays, documents should be served on the parties by registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt, or by any simpler means such as simple letter, fax or email. The procedure should be a written procedure, unless an oral hearing is considered necessary by the court. The parties should not be obliged to be represented by a lawyer. The court should be given the possibility to hold a hearing through an audio, video or email conference. It should also be given the possibility to determine the means of proof and the extent of the taking of evidence according to its discretion and admit the taking of evidence through telephone, written statements of witnesses, and audio, video or email conferences. The court should respect the principle of an adversarial process. In order to speed up the resolution of disputes, the judgment should be rendered within six months following the registration of the claim. In order to speed up the recovery of small claims, the judgment should be immediately enforceable notwithstanding any possible appeal and without the condition of the provision of a security. In order to reduce costs, when the unsuccessful party is a natural person and is not represented by a lawyer or another legal professional, he should not be obliged to reimburse the fees of a lawyer or another legal professional of the other party. In order to facilitate recognition and enforcement, a judgment given in a Member State in a European Small Claims Procedure should be recognised and enforceable in another Member State without the need for a declaration of enforceability and without any possibility of opposing its recognition. Since the objectives of the action to be taken namely the establishment of a procedure to simplify and speed up litigation concerning small claims, and reduce costs, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore be better achieved at Community level, the Community may adopt measures in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in that Article this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary to achieve those objectives.

  The European Council underlines the need further to enhance work on the creation of a Europe for citizens and the essential role that the setting up of a European Area for Justice will play in thisrespect. A number of measures have already been carried out. Further efforts should be made to facilitate access to justice and judicial cooperation as well as the full employment of mutual recognition. It is of particular importance that borders between countries in Europe no longer constitute an obstacle to the settlement of civil law matters or to the bringing of court proceedings and the enforcement of decisions in civil matters.

• Time management of civil procedures in European countries

  Nyilas Anna

  Megtekintések száma:

  113

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A szabadalmi jogi szerződés és hatásai a hazai jogban

  Petkó Mihály

  Megtekintések száma:

  187

  Significant changes have happened on the field of intellectual property law in the last few years. The emphasis placed on the material relations and economy became stronger. These changes caused that creations of the man came into the limelight. Of course the legal background became also very important.

  We can feel the re-regulation of this legal field. Legal institutions became regulated in new Acts to be adjusted modified circumstances. There were several causes of the necessity of these changes. First of all, the new economic and social environment after the change of the regime claimed to modify the legal materials. On the other hand the international environment changed rapidly and it is still in progress. So the Republic of Hungary had to face with the obligations that are stated in international treaties and we had to put a strong emphasis on our member status in the European Union: EU regulations and directives. By now we can tell that re-codifying this area is over, we can only expect to small modification in the near future.

  Modifications in most of the cases prepared for the future. But it does not mean that we can count on a very crystallized legal material. In the dynamically developing world of IP law it is not rare to use smaller modifications. We have to examine the legal practice too, that helps us finding the correct way in the fast changing economical and social relations. Performing the harmonization duty, legislator could not always take into consideration the national significances, legal practice. The lack of examining these circumstances can cause modifications in the legal material.

  The Patent Law Treaty adopted at Geneva on June 1st, 2000. The provisions of the Treaty and the Regulations shall apply to national and regional applications for patents for invention and for invention and for patents of addition, which are filed with or for the Office of a Contracting Party. The Patent Law Treaty became applicable on April 28th, 2005.

  Hungary joined the Treaty at the beginning, because of the need in 2008 to change the Hungarian patent law. The Treaty suggests the European Patent Convention, however in many ways it is the complementary. The Treaty gives types of applications permitted to be filed as international applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, divisional applications of the types of applications referred to in item.

  Earlier the rules of Hungarian patent law were complicated, the process of registry was less favorable for the patentee. The harmonization of process rules effects that the patentee cannot lose his patent rights. The new rules introduce an electronic process in patent law, which makes the process easier, cheaper, and faster. But not all the procedures became electronic: only the lodgment of petition. In the future that should be better to reach electronic procedure on every level.

  The harmonization of patent rules means liberalization, the notification will be easier and faster, which effected growth in the trust of business. Process rules need more harmonization in the future, and hopefully the final goal will be one global process at in all member states of the European Union.