Keresés
Keresési eredmények
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A biztosítási szerződések hatályba lépésének egyes kérdései
Megtekintések száma:37The dispensation of justice most often makes decisions in legal disputes about contract law on the basis of the general rules of contract law. The freedom of making contracts and the dynamism of contract law have resulted in an agreement that the conditions of the contract and the general rules should generally be considered to an increasing extent rather than the special regulations referring to the given contract. However, there are some contracts which theme, subjects and content require the application of special rules that result in solutions hard to interpret for parties inexperienced in law and that are radically different from those recommended by the general rules of contract law. Insurance contracts are those type of contracts, where the rules determine when the contract comes into existence and effect and when the services are due. These regulations are based on a logic that is radically different from the general rules, so they can often lead to serious misunderstandings. It is discernable in the judiciary practice that the dispensation of justice respects the specific features of insurance contracts, but tries to interpret the rules in a way that draws near to the general rules of contract law. The decisions of the Hungarian Supreme Court give priority to the interests of the insured parties and allow in fewer cases when the insurance company is exempted of its obligation of payment. However, judiciary practice has little effect on the content of insurance law. It seems justified to make insurance companies work out as detailed and clear conditions as possible and make them disclose the orders basically concerning their obligation of running risks.
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A dohányreklámok szabályozásának változásai a magyar jogban
Megtekintések száma:43Since the change of the regime the economic role of advertisements has changed significantly. Advertising forms a considerable part of economic activities, the cost of which constitute a growing portion of the expenses of a given enterprise. The mass-appearance of advertisements has altered the relationship between consumers and advertisers, it has restructured consumption habits and the importance of advertising in media.
The most significant modification of the Hungarian Advertising Act occurred by (Act I of 2001), which was in large passed with the consent of the advertising profession. The modification introduced the concept of deceptive advertisements, apparent comparative advertisements and special offers. Comparative advertisements were also regulated in a satisfactory way. However, several legal institutions were introduced as well, which should have been included in competition law. In the last two decades actions against unlawful advertisements were largely based on competition law, which restricts advertising activities violating fair competition in general. Advertising Decree and later the Advertising Act regulated the restriction of advertisements of certain goods and services, or defined the restrictions on certain advertising activities. Due to the modification, the role of Competition Act became less significant, since Advertising Act also contains most prohibitions on advertising activities that were defined in the Competition Act. In addition, in the case of violation of regulations on deceptive and comparative advertisements, Advertising Act denoted the Bureau of Competition and the court as chief acting powers, whereas the violation of rules on apparent comparative advertisements falls in the scope of the Consumer Protection Authority.
What is more, the (Act I of 2001) “smuggled” the entire prohibition of tobacco advertisements into the Advertising Act, which totally contradicted with the opinion of advertising profession. Thus Hungary, similarly to France, joined the strictest practice in this question. It is also disputable whether such restrictions promote the fight against smoking, and it was certainly disadvantageous that legislation decided in the question without involving the profession, for which there had been no precedents so far.
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A közút tartozéka: egy sajátos jogintézmény ellentmondásai
Megtekintések száma:50In the legal terminology of private law several times the same definition is used for addressing the same legal institution (e.g. default penalty, in-building). In most of the cases there is no problem to separate these institutions and we can also give an explanation why legislator used the same terminology.
The definition of accessory is used for a special group of article groups in the Hungarian Civil Code and also used in the Act I. of 1988. From the angle of judicature it is problematic as even if the definition of road accessory is build upon the general terminology of accessory in the Civil Code, the two legal institutions are not the same.
In the essay we would like to emphasize that the safety of traffic does not give a decent reason why we have to restrict the proprietary rights with using the institution of road accessory. This restriction is in a close connection with not only the distance from the public road but the effect of the property to the safety of traffic. The valid regulations may cause illogical contradictions and judicature problem.
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Az állam jogi személyiségének problémái
Megtekintések száma:35Az állam a polgári jog egyik leggyakrabban szereplő jogalanya. A klasszikus magánjog egyik alapvető elve, hogy a jogalanyok között a jogképesség szempontjából nem tehető különbség (azaz valamennyi jogalany jogképessége egyenlő, feltétlen és általános), hiszen a polgári jog az egymásnak mellérendelt jogalanyok vagyoni és bizonyos személyi jogviszonyait tárgyalja. Az alapelvet azonban a szocialista jogi felfogás nem osztotta, hiszen az állam kiemelt jogalanyisága az egyébként klasszikus magánjogi alapokon (is) nyugvó Polgári Törvénykönyvbe is belekerült. Ennek értelmében a jogi személyek csoportjától eltérően – ahol a főszabály a korlátozott, tehát a feladathoz kötődő jogalanyiság volt – az állam volt a természetes személyek körén kívül eső egyetlen olyan jogalany, amelyik jogképessége korlátlan volt, lévén az államnak nincs behatárolt feladatköre. E felfogás a rendszerváltozás után túlhaladottá vált, azonban mintegy tíz évig tartott az államra vonatkozó Ptk. anyag „rendbetétele”. Az állam jogalanyiságának kiemelt vagy a többi jogalannyal azonos szerepének egyik nagy próbatétele volt a metróper, ahol lényegében két felfogás küzdött egymással: az egyik szerint az állam ugyanolyan feltételekkel vállal polgári jogi kötelezettséget, mint bármely más jogalany, a másik szerint az állam kötelezettségvállalása a költségvetési törvény keretei által behatárolt. Ez a két felfogás különbségét jól mutatják a metróperrel kapcsolatos ítéletek. A Ptk. legutóbbi, ez irányú módosítása ugyan igyekezett e kérdést részben rendezni, de hosszú évekig még sok jogvita várható az állam jogalanyiságával kapcsolatban.
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A reklámok időbeli és terjedelmi korlátai
Megtekintések száma:116Advertising forms are considerable parts of economic activities, the costs of which constitute a growing portion of the expenses of a given enterprise. The mass-appearance of advertisements has altered the relationship between consumers and advertisers, it has restructured consumption habits and the importance of the advertising media. Advertising law defines the restrictions that have to be observed during business and advertising activities. The regulation of advertising is characterized by an approach focusing on content. However, in some cases the legislator also considered it important to determine the form of advertising besides its content. In the case of most advertising media there are only few regulations on form. The Media Act (Act I of 1996) dedicates a whole chapter to restrictions on advertising. The most important part of the Media Act is the regulation of the way commercials can be shown. The regulation of maximum advertising time, the type of programmes which are suitable for advertising and the period of time that can pass between commercials is given priority.