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Discourses around the Great Hungarian Plain in Early 19th-Century Travelogues
1-25Views:11Through examining Hungarian travel literature from the first half of the 19th century, the present
paper aims to explore the representations of the Great Hungarian Plain and the discursive transformations
surrounding it. Its premise is that travelogues are not merely descriptive sources, but
texts produced at the intersection of contemporary spatial perception, aesthetic norms, and the
formation of national identity, that transform the landscape into a culturally mediated experience.
The paper's central thesis is that the image of the Great Hungarian Plain underwent a significant
discursive transformation from the beginning of the century to the end of the Reform Era: the
plain, initially characterized by negative aesthetic terms (emptiness, monotony, formlessness),
gradually became one of the privileged spatial embodiments of national identity.
The study concludes that travelogues from the early 19th century depict the Great Plain not simply
as a geographical space, but as a complex mental and cultural construct. These texts contribute to
the formation of a national conception of space in which the Great Plain appears both as a periphery
and as a centre, a paradoxical territory of freedom and exposure, familiarity and alienation. -
Elhurcolva; magyar katonák a Szovjetunióban 1941–1955
117-149Views:1At the end of the 1990s, early 2000s, the Russian Federation handed over to Hungary a database of 66 281 entries: a database of some of the names of Hungarian prisoners of war and civilian interned people who had died in Soviet POW and internment camps. The database was written in Russian, with Cyrill letters, and was in an Excel format, in which the picture of a personal data sheet, the so-called ’ucsetnoje gyelo’ can be ordered to each name. On the occasion of the GULAG Memorial Year, the Museum of Military History compiled a database that is reachable also on the internet for those interested, and with the help of which one can learn the names of people as well as settlements, military corps, ranks, and Soviet POW camps without the need for the researcher to dig into the literature. The database contains information on 240 people born in the Districts of Berettyóújfalu and Derecske. Among those, the Hungarian records of loss contain data on only 53, the destiny of the others can be learned from the new database. -
A Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Hajdú-Bihar Megyei Levéltára adatbázisai
61-81Views:1The National Archives of Hungary’s Hajdú-Bihar County Archives, the Méliusz Ju-
hász Péter Library and Oradea’s Mayor’s Office won a 110 million HUF tender in the
framework of the Hungarian-Romanian cooperation (HURO) in 2009. The work
started on 1st May 2010 and lasted for a year, and the sustainability of the undertaken
work must be granted for five more years. Besides the devices, the institutes have spent
the amount on events, publications, data digitization and on the construction of
databases.
In the National Archives of Hungary’s Hajdú-Bihar County Archives, the staff made
five detached databases, in which the documents of the historical Bihar County’s past
have been processed: diplomas, manuscript maps, rule regulations, hydrological records
and church registers. The data and/or attachment upload is still in progress.
One of the partner institutions: Oradea’s Mayor’s Office created a database for
those Council Proceedings that were created before the unification of the four sections
of the town in 1850.
In the Méliusz Juhász Péter Library, more than 450 local history-themed books,
journals, school year books and school-records, etc. were digitized into database that is
assigned to a search engine and a browser. -
A Magyar Királyi Országos Közegészségügyi Intézet hálózatának kiépülése Ungváron a második világháború éveiben
110-123Views:0In Hungary, raising the standards of public health and immunization against certain infectious diseases began in the 1930s. The Royal Hungarian National Public Health Institute and the related institutional system played an outstanding role in this process. The primary mission was to diagnose and research communicable diseases. Therefore, a public health, a disinfection and infectious supplier, a malaria station and a vaccine production institute were established in Ungvár. The tasks included research, healing, counselling, defence and experimental work. Researchers at the institutes developed vaccines and new methods of diagnosis that were introduced later. As a result, the proportion of infectious diseases in the country decreased. -
Miről mesélnek a levéltári források? – A Magyar Agrártudományi Egyetem Mezőgazdaságtudományi Kara Debreceni Osztályának története (1945–1949)
5-23Views:1At the end of 1944, Debrecen became the capital of the country for the second time. The Provisional National Assembly was summoned here, and it established the Provisional National Government. The Provisional National Government's Regulation No. 8740/1945 M.E decided to set up the Hungarian Agricultural University. The university was established in Budapest with four faculties. One of the provincial departments of the Faculty of Agriculture opened in Debrecen on 1 October 1945. The Department of Debrecen faced great difficulties due to serious damages in the appliances as a result of the war. The department was in a constant financial deficit over the four years of its existence. Next to the farm, an experimental field, a horticulture, a poultry farm, an apiary, and a silkworm colony operated. The number of students registered in the department usually ranged from 160 to 260 people. In the Department of Debrecen, The North of Tiszántúl Agricultural Science Research Community was formed with five groups in March, 1949. The Minister of Agriculture terminated the operation of the departments in Debrecen, Keszthely and Mosonmagyaróvár at 12 o'clock on 17 March 1949. This measure was explained by the fact that the countryside departments had a relatively small number of students, therefore, supporting the operation of the high-cost departments was not economical. After a long time, the agricultural training terminated in Debrecen. -
A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia állami támogatása és a törvényhozás a két világháború közötti Magyarországon
68-77Views:1By 1920, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences was in a critical financial situation. The solution lay in increasing state subsidies, but the possibilities were limited due to the economic crisis that had lasted for years. Finally, in 1925, the institution received a one-time allocation, followed by regular, larger subsidies from the 1926/27 fiscal year onwards. The state subsidy was supported by all parties in parliament, but a debate arose among them about the role of the Academy and its relationship with the state. In the early 1930s, the amount of aid was significantly reduced, but due to the generous bequest of Count Ferenc Vigyázó, this had no significant negative impact. -
A Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Hajdú-Bihar Megyei Levéltára Oral History Gyűjteményének 1956-os interjúi
41-50Views:1The 1956 material contained in the Oral History Collection of the Hajdú-Bihar County Archives of the Hungarian National Archives might become an important resource for the researchers of the topic. The collection does not contain topic interviews, but it tries to present the antecedent lives of the participants, their roles during the revolution, and the time periods afterwards via complete life course interviews. By the latter, that is, through the passion of people struck by retaliation, the life of lawsuits and prison life also comes alive. The number of the ’56 interviews contained in the collection is 38, which is more than half of the complete assortment of interviews. Of course, most interviews are connected to Debrecen (19 interviews), the second most related is Hajdúnánás (8 interviews), followed by Berettyóújfalu (3 interviews), and then the material of the individual county settlements with one interview each. The interviews were prepared by Tibor Valuch (27 interviews) and Zoltán Völgyesi (11 interviews) in the years after the change of regime. The ranking of interviews in the collection follows the order of the date of entry. -
A Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Hajdú-Bihar Megyei Levéltára
35-51Views:1The State Archives of Debrecen – the predecessor of the National Archives of
Hungary's Hajdú-Bihar County Archives – was established in 1952 by the integration of
the three municipality's archives: Debrecen city, Bihar and Hajdú counties. In 1968,
after a 17-year-old state history, the archives were returned to the counties, and after
that, the State Archives of Debrecen has functioned as the Hajdu-Bihar County
Archives. In 1981, a branch archive was established in Hajdúböszörmény where the
Hajdú district's documents were returned to. In effect from 1st January 2012, the
Archives returned to state maintenance, and the National Archives of Hungary was created on 1st October of the same year. Thereby, the institutional autonomy of the
county archives ceased, but the contents of public service provision have not changed.
The documentary materials of the Archives allow an insight to the history of
Debrecen city and the former counties of Hajdú and Bihar since 1950, Hajdú-Bihar
county and its settlements.
The Archives maintains a research service at three places. The researchers have the
opportunity to get photo- and digital copies, or to take photos of the documents.
The Archives, operating also as a scientific institution since 1969, takes care of
several series besides the special publications; and since 1973, it organizes the Archives
Day of Hajdú-Bihar County Archives, as well as numerous conferences and smaller
events associated with the institute. Within and outside the borderlines of the county,
the Archives regularly appears with travelling- and temporary exhibitions. -
Tudomány és reintegráció. A magyar tudományos elit válaszai a hadviselt katonák visszailleszkedési kihívásaira a Nagy Háború korában
51-67Views:3The study at hand examines the role of the Hungarian scientific elite during World War I, paying particular attention to the challenges associated with the reintegration of war veterans. First, it reviews the impact of the Great War on the functioning of science and the transformation of international scientific relations, then it demonstrates that reintegration was a complex challenge that engaged several disciplines. Special attention is devoted to the public lectures held by members of the scientific elite of the time, which were significant not only in that they created an independent professional discourse, but also in that they contributed to raising awareness of the traumas experienced by war veterans, thereby strengthening social sensitivity and solidarity. The main argument of the article is that the scientific elite actively sought to contribute to the processing of war experiences and to facilitate the reintegration of veterans, but the impact of these efforts remained limited due to institutional constraints.
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