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Data-Driven Music Therapy: Application of the Model in the Development of Children with Special Educational Needs
55-66Views:16Data-based music therapy is associated with the name of Suzanne B. Hanser (1999), a music therapist from California, who supported the developmental effect of music with the results of her clinical research. Her publication entitled The New Music Therapist's Handbook is a guide to the organization, planning, implementation, and evaluation of this music therapy model. Since data-based music therapy is an objective, clear and goal-oriented model. There is an indispensable part of this model and basic conditions in the application of it in the precisely defined preparation, intervention and measurement moments. However, strict planning and organization become the main virtue of the model when evaluating the results achieved, as it provides accurate and irrefutable results. The data obtained this way, represent the totality of the results of observations and experiments.The main pillars of the model are the following: observation, goal-oriented planning, implementation, and objective measurement. An objective and completely clear evaluation of music therapy is provided by the measurements specified in the model. The calculation of the reliability rate and its expression as a percentage, as well as the baseline observation, are complemented by the narrative report of the music therapy supervisor with a description and evaluation of the achieved musical and non-musical therapeutic goals. This article to present describes the application of data-based music therapy in the case of a juvenile with special educational needs studying in special educational institutions.
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Theory of the Diversity of Alternative Music Pedagogy Methods
67-75Views:15Our music education is based on the concept of Zoltán Kodály and the methodological guidance of Katalin Forrai in early childhood, which is an indispensable foundation and support for Hungarian music education. The method uses fundamental values to develop children's musical skills and abilities. At about the same time, music teachers throughout Europe were engaged in reforming the structure and methodological tools of music teaching. Among these music teachers, I would like to highlight the pedagogy of Dalcrose, Orff, Willems and Freinet, who successfully applied early childhood music education and the development of children with special educational needs in their programmes. Based on their pedagogy and methods, they agreed on the following principles: musical education should start as early as possible, continuous musical activity (singing, rhythm, listening, movement, improvisation, instrument, listening) should be given priority, and in addition to age-specific characteristics, adequate emphasis should be given to individual talents, since the uneven development of psychic abilities can lead to differences in levels within a single age group over several years. Music can develop empathy and social skills. Through rhythms and harmonies, the development of large and fine movements can be achieved. It is beneficial for thinking, creativity, self-expression and the development of the sense of self. Music improves well-being, concentration and actively helps to develop attention. It leads to openness and flexibility. It also has a powerful effect on speech, imagination and improvisation skills. That is why we can use music for healing and developmental purposes. There is a long line of research that proves that the earlier in life you start to develop, develop or correct your personality through music, the earlier you should start.
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Psychotherapeutic Journeys into the Spiritual World of Healing on the Wings of Gnawa Music: An Anthropological Study
63-70Views:53From the sufferings their art was born, from the torture they lived in during their life as slaves their music was created. From the torturing tools used on them they created their own musical instruments. From their screams as slaves, they composed a new music with unique rhythms. Gnawa become a cultural phenomenon in Morocco. A sufi confrerie imploring God, the prophet and the saints to release them from slavery, torture and the sufferings they encountered. Their music is considered spiritual because it calls souls to join its magic. Gnawa plays a psychotherapeutic role in healing people from various diseases through the practices of syncretic rituals and the trance state they put the participants into. All of these elements music, dances and rituals converge and synthesize into an event called lila a rich ceremony in which the sick tormented by spirits could get healed. This paper examines the practices and impact of the lila ceremony on the community from a psychological point of view revealing each step of the collective healing process and methods as used in the rituals.
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A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE THERAPEUTIC ROLE OF CHILDREN'S FOLK SONGS
75-81Views:161Starting from the idea that treating a problem is done more efficiently when we address the causes that generated it than when dealing with symptoms, respectively from theories that claim that most of the mental disorders have their roots in the mother-child relationship developed in the early childhood, through the paper entitled A Theoretical Perspective on the Therapeutic Role of Children's Folk Songs we intend to argue the more use of songs from children's folklore in music therapy. Thus, in the first part of the paper, we bring to the attention of the main theories that demonstrate the importance of the mother-child relationship from the early childhood in order to a healthy evolution of the child from the point of view of its psychic development, with special emphasis on their expression through vocal singing. In the second part of the study, we propose to approach the defense mechanisms from the perspective of the positive functions that it performs in the case of normal persons, as a defense mechanism and defense behavior. In the third part of the paper, we present an analysis of the repertoire of songs from the children's folklore from the perspective of the content of ideas, of the structure of the melodic line, of the specific rhythms, as a mirror of the relationships that children develop with themselves and with others, in particular with my mother. In the fourth part of the paper, we argue the use of songs from children's folklore in music therapy in order to trigger certain memories from the first childhood so that the traumas that have not been overcome are then treated properly. The paper concludes with some final considerations.
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NEW "CONTACTS": MUSIC TEACHERS, THEOLOGY TEACHERS, AND 'SEN' STUDENTS
39-53Views:132This study focuses on the integrated-inclusive education of the students with special educational needs from the side of two 'new' groups of teachers. After outlining the specific situation religious and music teachers perform in education a detailed analysis follows, which focuses on the facts of how these people see their own knowledge, difficulties, and needs in inclusive and integrated education. To assess their situation their results are compared to a so-called ’control group’. The study group is formed by the ’classic’ actors of public education, the teachers who teach general subjects.
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GNAWA: SPIRITUAL SOUNDS OF HEALING SLAVERY, RITUALS, MUSIC
127-133Views:195Morocco is known for its cultural and ethnic diversity. In this writing, I would like to shed light on a mystical ethnic group in Morocco that baffled many people from all over the globe; descendants of slaves who traced their origin to Sub-Saharan countries (Mali, Guinea, Ghana, Senegal, Niger). It also refers to a spiritual type of music that can be used as a method of healing with special rituals.
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THE EFFECT OF PICTURE EXCHANGE COMPLEX EARLY INTERVENTION ON CHILDREN’S SOCIAL SKILLS WITH ASD
7-17Views:362In the present research, we were interested in the correlations between the development of cognitive and communication skills, along with musical social abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This was verified by correlation design based on the abilities of ASD children between 11, 3, and 5 years of age. Based on this, we created a complex image shifting early development program that targets the development of cognitive skills and speech through music. We observed using Custom Design what changes this development program results in the children’s socialization. The program consists of 12 occasions, with three children participating in the activities, during which we used our own “Together with Bo!” image shifting tool. Our research reveals that correlations can be recognized between these abilities and that cognitive, communication skills, and musical abilities together with are predictors of social abilities. This is also evidenced by the effectiveness of the development program, as not only targeted skills have evolved, but also socialization. Consequently, we can state that learning through gaming also plays an important role in socialization.
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PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD THROUGH MUSIC EDUCATION
189-196Views:292The study focuses on a small but important segment of Hungarian culture, the musical education of children aged 3-7. Its central theme is to examine how the adaptation of folk games and related movements can be one of the most complex developmental forces in the personality development of this age group. This is because this period is fundamental in terms of cultural transmission and plays an integrative role in aesthetic education. As the pre-school child develops musically, his or her memory, imagination, associative abilities, creativity, attention and interest are constantly being developed through joyful activity, since his or her movements in connection with folk play are not yet guided and determined by the meaning and content of the text, but by the melody and its rhythm and the spontaneous feeling of joy associated with them. The role of musical education, and within it of folk games, is also evident in the process of emotional education, socialisation, intellectual development and language development. The links examined and presented demonstrate that folk games help children to develop skills that will enable them to become school-ready and to continue to develop in adult life.
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FIRST STEPS OF EDUCATION IN THE FAMILY – THE POSSIBILITIES OF EARLY CHILDHOOD PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION AT THE DEPARTMENT OF PEDIATRICS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN
109-116Views:231In Hungary, preterm birth is a common issue; approximately 8.000 infants are born preterm each year. At the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Debrecen, our Pediatric Psychology and Psychosomatic Unit work to minimize the risk of neurodevelopmental delay in children born prematurely or in other risk groups. In favour of it, we help families at both the prevention and the intervention levels. Parent education, organization of parent groups, and counselling provide us an opportunity to acquaint parents with the possibilities of using help. The chapter briefly describes the possibilities of prevention (screening tests, diagnostics) and intervention (parent group, music therapy, animal-assisted therapy, sensory integration therapy), the family implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Bayley-III diagnostic and screening test, which is one of the most advanced developmental tools for early prevention. Our approach is that, in favour of healthy and balanced development, the whole family needs to get the appropriate support and care. Supporting and strengthening parental efficiency is an important step by which the parent is able to implement a method of education that takes into account the individual characteristics of the child, by which the child's adaptability, carrying capacity, and social skills develop and strengthen.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE RECREATIONAL CONSUMPTION HABITS OF DISABLED CHILDREN LIVING IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAIN REGION
31-39Views:172In our research, we studied the leisure habits of students with disabilities (8-18 years, n = 289) living in the North Great Plain region using a questionnaire method. The aim of the research was to examine the leisure habits of children with disabilities in the region, their main characteristics, and their recreational attitudes. Our goal was also the gender test to see whether there was a significant difference between the sexes and how this correlated with the results of the study of leisure habits in the wild. We sought to find out what the most common leisure time activities for general and high school students with disabilities are, how does this affect genders? What is their attitude towards spending time on leisure? What are their sporting habits and sporting consumption? We have found that the recreational consumption of young people with disabilities is similar to the results of surveys carried among normal children as passive leisure time is dominant (listening to music, watching TV). In girls' leisure time, the preference for listening and reading is more dominant while watching TV, especially popular sports channels are more characteristic of boys. For leisure-time activities, staying fit, trying out new things, and community experience is crucial for young people with disabilities. Recreational sports prove to be popular, as more than 50% of both girls and boys say they are engaged in recreational sports.
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INVESTIGATION OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY ELEMENTS OF LEISURE SPORTS IN THE HEALTH TOURISM OF NORTHERN GREAT PLAIN REGION
45-54Views:212Nowadays, leisure and recreational trends justify the significant appearance of health-conscious consumers, among whom the need for various recreational sports and fitness services is formulated during their holiday, to which the hotel offerings are adapted. The aim of our research was to analyze leisure sports offerings of hotels in the Northern Great Plain region (n = 39) and the development of hotel guests (n = 141) demand for leisure sports and fitness services. The results of our research confirmed, that 23.4% of the guests are influenced by the recreational- and 19.1% by the sports elements of the hotel offerings. 62.4% of those surveyed find it important to have the possibility for leisure activities during their stay, and 70.2% of them use these services during their stay. Music and dance forms of exercise, outdoor sports (cycling, hiking), and fitness room services have proven to be the most popular. The preference system of males and females differed, in which we could identify a significant difference: while females preferred yoga and the conditioning treadmill, males preferred the use of free weights.
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ACTIVITY, LEISURE SPORTS
49-58Views:656Nowadays sedentary lifestyle is at the forefront. In our spare time, both passive and active recreational trends and activities appear. The role of leisure sports is getting more and more appreciated among health-conscious consumers. Several studies proved that regular sports activities are projective factors against lifestyle-dependent diseases, so they are excellent means of prevention. Methods: Our study examined the leisure habits of Romanian and Hungarian residents, their activity in sport, their attitude towards active recreation activities, and their openness to new methods. The results were analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: The results underline that passive leisure activities (watching television, listening to music, reading, surfing the internet) are popular in people's lives, although most people live a sedentary lifestyle. People, who exercise in their free time have noticed a number of positive effects on themselves. 80-90% of respondents interested in new methods and would like to take part in sports events at work, at school, or at university.