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The Discourse on Hygiene in Relation to the Role of Public Teachers in the ’Néptanítók Lap’ between 1922–1924
7-17Views:62The Covid epidemic has highlighted that the health care system alone is not enough to tackle a pandemic affecting a large population. In addition to medical and public health activities, there is also a need for educational activities in the education subsystem, involving the professionals involved. This is why it is important to look at the issue of health education in schools from a historical perspective, given the epidemics of our time. In the turbulent social and political environment following the First World War, public health was a less favoured area for policy-makers, while the physical and psychological trauma of soldiers returning from the war and the health of those left behind was a serious problem. The virulent Spanish flu, which affected millions of families across Europe, the devastating tuberculosis in our country, but especially the diphtheria and influenza, which were dangerous for children, posed a serious challenge to the scientific and educational scene in Hungary. The spread of a healthy lifestyle and education was not helped by the environment of schools (attitude of the maintenance staff, quality of the built environment, sociocultural tradition of the rural population, rapid spread of urban life). The alternative health approach and the life reform movement, although sporadically emerging in the period, did not appear in the mainstream of pedagogy, and health education progressed slowly, while, for example, child mortality, which is also linked to the health-conscious behaviour of parents, was blatantly high. The appointment of Kuno Klebelsberg as minister (1922) can be seen as a paradigm shift, as he is not only exposed as a minister with considerable experience in state administration, but also as a conceptual cultural politician who understood the challenges of education and popular education at the micro and macro levels. In our research, we analysed the relevant issues of the People's Teachers' Journal - a standard-setting publication of the Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs, which serves as a guide for teachers in practice - using qualitative thematic content analysis. The selected period: 1922–1924. Our questions are: how is the situation of school health reflected in the journal? What roles and tasks do and would policy-makers delegate to the folk teachers? What extracurricular tasks do they assign to teachers in the field of health education? Are there any patterns in the discourse in relation to school leaders? How have the teachers' organisations received it and what suggestions have they made to policy-makers and practitioners?
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DOCTORS MEETING PATIENTS WITH DISABILITIES
99-111Views:151The paper explores a topic that affects everyday life: the encounter between doctors and patients with disabilities. The aim of the research was to find out how doctors and medical students think about disability, people with disabilities, and their encounters with them, in the course of their work. Despite the fact that age, the number of years spent in practice, and the areas of specialisation of the 10 interviewees present varied pictures they express many similar opinions in their responses. The responses point out that during their university years, they had heard little about the different aspects of disabilities in theoretical classes and during their practice so they really only had everyday knowledge and stereotypes about their disabled patients. The question arises: can doctors with a high social prestige set a positive example to the rest of society when it comes to the treatment of people with disabilities? The question then goes on to raise the need for a wider study, which should include other health professionals.
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DISABILITY IN MEDICINE
7-18Views:365The present paper is the first of a two-part pair of studies exploring the relationship between medical students, doctors, medicine and disability. The factors influencing the perception of people with disabilities in different historical periods are presented, based on different models. We also analyse the development of special education from a medical perspective. The history of medical education and the role of disability studies in the medical education years will be briefly discussed. The study provides the theoretical basis for a later survey-based analysis of the „doctors” opinions, knowledge and hospital experiences with groups of people with disabilities, based on their personal and professional responses.
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THE PLACE OF THE GYPSY LANGUAGE IN PUBLIC EDUCATION
73-81Views:154The Hungarian gypsy population is not only varied from the social, cultural, and ethnic side, but also from the lingual viewpoint. The education, health, the situation of the labour market, and the social sciences discourses are continuously in connection with the Gypsy people. At the same time, the examination of the gypsy language and the use of gypsy language can only be the interest of a narrow professional circle, while the phases of gradual language changes, language retention, and loss, or the language policy issues are showing particular problems. We are talking about a language that has been able to preserve its origins, besides the forced lingual and ethical assimilation. In our country, the form of national upbringing and education is always really closely related to educational policy. In my opinion, every student in the educational institutions is enriched with the knowledge of other nationalities' cultures and language, as they have the opportunity for studying it. During the statistical analysis, we looking for answers to the question of whether this relationship can be traced between the territorial distribution of Roma Gypsies and the schools of Gypsy nationality education.
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EFFECTS ON JOB MARKET OF FRESH GRADUATES’ HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5-13Views:108In our study, we would like to reveal the difficulties of getting a job as a fresh graduate. We conducted a survey among health care graduates at the University of Debrecen. Our goal is to measure the value of qualification of medical staff and to measure the usefulness of the qualification and to see how many graduates could get a job according to their qualification. Our hypothesis is confirmed by statistical measurements.
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HOLISTIC HEALTH PROMOTION (HHP): PRESENT SITUATION
61-80Views:378The health status of the Hungarian population is worse than that of other similarly developed countries’ populations. An important cause for this phenomenon can be characterized as a high prevalence of unhealthy living and deficient health literacy. An important tool to change is efficient health promotion in kindergarten and school. Children and young people spend many years in these institutions, and the way their teachers contact them will influence their health behavior. Therefore it is highly important that holistic health promotion has been prescribed for all schools and kindergartens since 2012 in Hungary. Our paper presents reasonableness and a short summary of the holistic health promotion in educational institutions as well as the helping actions given for teachers by the government.