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DEVELOPING MOTIVATION IN A DIFFERENTIATED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN AGED 10-14
67-78Views:141Students’ effective motivation is an important requirement from modern education. The main objective of the survey is to examine the motivation of 10–14-year-old students participating in differentiated development. We hypothesize that the motivation to maintain high levels of employment differentiation promotes more efficient and effective knowledge acquirement. Sample: 5-8 classes, examining a total of 354 (177 experimental and 177 control group) students. Method: Using the longitudinal method I followed up how the motivation of students brought under a pilot group and developed in a differentiated way is changing for four academic years. I also measured the motivation of a control group where no differentiated development was carried out. The motivation was measured by the Kozéki-Entwistle learning motivation questionnaire. Results: Results show that in the pilot group there was a considerable positive change in all the three important motive groups (follower, inquirer, performer), while the control group did not produce the same. The efficient learning was advanced considerably by the high level of motivation in the pilot group. Discussion: Differentiated development has got a positive impact on learning motivation.
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THE IMPACT OF CONTINUOUS AND DIFFERENTIATED EDUCATION FOR FORMING OF COMMUNITY ATTITUDE IN STUDENTS OF SENIOR CLASSES
7-25Views:129Background and objectives: In longitudinal research (2006–2010) we examined the progression of upper elementary school students’ self-assessment, self-image, attitude toward community, and change in their anxiety level in order to find out to what degree carefully planned and continuously differentiated education influence these traits of students’ behaviour. In this present study, we address the change in their attitude toward the community. Method: We used the measurement tool developed by Hunyadyné and modified by Tóth for measuring the attitude toward the community (Appendix 1). Hypothesis: We assumed that as a result of differentiation the upper elementary school students’ attitude toward community will progress earlier and more effectively in the pilot than the control group (school community, the society; the class’ cohesion force, self-government’s role and competence, the function of public opinion, potential sociometric relation within the class, group activities). Results: The controlled and planned differentiated development made the areas of attitude toward community advance more in the pilot group than in the group going under only scarce differentiated development. We experienced significant differences in the scales of relation to the broader community, group activity, and class cohesion. Conclusions: Results justify that appropriate differentiated development has got an advantageous impact on attitude toward the community.
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APPLYING FOR AN INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH GROUP
117-119Views:69Applying for an interdisciplinary research group
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RESEARCH ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE SUBJECTIVE SENSE OF HEALTH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
51-64Views:580A number of methods have evolved for assessing our health in parallel with the expansion of scientific knowledge. Medicine describes our health through objective methods and measurable variables. Of course, we also have an image of our own state of health, which, for all its subjectivity, is a good indicator of our physical and mental processes. Our sense of health can be a genuine reflection of our state of health, which directly and indirectly affects our professional/academic performance. We have a constantly expanding knowledge of the beneficial effects of the increase in physical activity on health, and its mechanism of action can be interpreted from a number of aspects. The examination of the health and physical activity of the secondary school age group provides useful information for individuals, parents, and those working in the field of education (education policymakers and educators). In this research, we examined the relationship between the level of physical activity (relative to the recommendations of WHO) and the sense of the health of high school students, their school performance, and the appearance of various emotional factors. Then we complimented it with a study of the motivational background for those aged 14 to 18. During the analysis, we identified a significant link between high levels of physical activity and the high quantified value associated with the sense of health. We found no significant correlation between academic performance and physical activity levels. We experienced a significant relationship between emotional factors when comparing the categories of happiness, mood, energy, as well as sadness, and fatigue with physical activity. Among the motivators for exercise, the improvement of physical condition is prominent, and this age group clearly rejects the expectations of others. It is also instructive for those working in the field of physical education that the experience of exercise is critical for members of the age group.
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MATHEMATICAL STATISTIC BACKGROUND OF EFFECTIVENES STUDIES WHICH COLLECT DATA FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL AND A CONTROLL GROUP ONLY ONCE
73-82Views:168One kind of effectiveness study of developmental programs compares results of an experimental group and a control group (when the data collecting happened only once). This paper offers methodological guidance to choose, apply and interpret adequate mathematical statistic analysis of these studies. Using R environment (this is a downable free software) is recommended to compute statistical results.
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INVESTIGATION OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND EMPATHY IN THE SIBLINGS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
59-68Views:539In recent years, more and more researchers have focused on studies of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, studying their siblings has gained less scientific interest. The present study focuses on siblings of children with ASD and assesses their characteristics in terms of emotional intelligence and empathy. Our sample consisted of n = 61 children in two age groups studied: 6-8 and 10-15 years old. Our experimental group consisted of n = 30 siblings of children with ASD, while our control group also consisted of n = 31 children with sibling relationships. Subjects completed two paper-and-pencil tests: the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Children’s Version), and depending on the age group, the Emotional Intelligence Test (EIT 6-8 / EIT 10-15). We identified higher emotional intelligence and empathy in higher age groups. Among 6-8 years old siblings of children with ASD, higher scores were found to be. At the level of gender differences, girls performed more outstandingly in the tests examined. In our study, the 6-8 years old siblings of children with ASD can be characterized by a higher degree of emotional intelligence and empathy, however, we cannot draw conclusions in a representative way for the entire population.
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COLOURED STICK: TEACHING WITH A COMPREHENSIVE GAME FOR IMPROVING CHILDREN’S SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL ABILITY IN KINDERGARTEN
59-65Views:413The emotional ability must be properly managed in order to survive and adapt to social life so that social and emotional abilities can be trained from an early age. As a part of early childhood, kindergarten is one of the most effective places to help children develop social and emotional abilities effectively through play activities. Thus, kindergarten teachers need to find alternative activities and play equipment that can stimulate socio-emotional abilities. One way is by means of the game "Coloured Stick" made of pieces of wood that are developed by combining three types of games, namely constructive games, educational games, and traditional games. This teaching tool can be applied in an integrated manner in kindergarten learning activities, which include the opening, core, and cover with a strategy that varies according to the indicators of social-emotional development. The learning process is the use of the game "Coloured Stick" which is systematically designed and integrated so as to facilitate its application. The application of this tool was tested in small groups of 8 students over eight meetings in July and August 2015, and a large group of 14 students over 12 meetings in August and September 2015 in Fithria Islamic Kindergarten, South Jakarta. Subjects in the test groups were teachers and kindergarten students. The results of both the trial groups were seen from the difference between initial and final assessments. The small trial group results increased by 0.1 points (4.88%) up to 0.29 points (9.76%) whereas the large trial group results increased by 0.05 points (1.63%)to 0.93 points (30.83%). Descriptive this increase occurred in the child are varied and each child's progress in socio-emotional capabilities in the grain or indicators of social-emotional abilities are different. This is very possible because each child has a differing ability to absorb the learning content. The results show that the colored sticks game tool can help children develop social skills because the learning process can be carried out in groups. In addition to boosting the child's emotional development, it can also help children develop confidence and respect for themselves, not become easily frustrated because the concepts are according to the age and development of the children, and to exercise patience because they have to wait for their turn to play.
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CAN COGNITIVE SKILLS BE DEVELOPED BETTER IN THE CASE OF STUDENTS WITH BETTER ABILITY?
55-66Views:165Background and aims: An important issue of teaching and learning processes is how to assess and develop students’ cognitive abilities. The aim of the study is to examine the correlation between in class 5 and 8 class measured skill levels' attention, memory, and thinking. Assumption: The correlation is between the pre-tested skills level and the post-tested skills level in the pilot group. The students with better skills have developed better during testing than the students with lower skills. Method: During the survey, I monitored the progression of students brought under a group (n=174) who in development activities took part in 4 years. The follow-up of the participants' memory, attention, and thinking was done with tests known in talent management. Results: There is a strong, positive correlation between attention, memory, and thinking. Discussion: The strong positive correlation indicates that the students with better skills show greater development than the students with lower skills. The initial benefits appear in point of the chance of development.
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THE ROLE OF ADVENTURE THERAPY AND ART THERAPY ELEMENTS IN FACILITATING ENCOUNTERS WITH SEVERE AND MULTIPLE DISABILITIES INDIVIDUALS
105-112Views:332The first encounter with people with severe and multiple disabilities could be highly challenging. Physical deformities of the body and face which are highly frequent in this group, lead to subconscious rejection. The lack of verbal communication makes the relationship even more difficult, thus, nonverbal methods are effective in facilitating relationship building. Methods such as nonverbal art therapies are highly popular in creating mutually empowering relationships. Common shared active and receptive artistic experiences as well as commonly solved challenges and other elements of adventure therapy helps to facilitate group processes. In this article, we refer to a pilot project: a special experience-based facultative course about facilitating encounters with adults with severe disabilities with art and adventure-based activities.
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THE ILLUMINATION OF THE PROGRESSIVE APPROACH OF THE PETŐ METHOD ON THE BASIS OF THE CRITERIA OF CONSTRUCTIVE PEDAGOGY
83-100Views:138The study describes the Pető Method based on the principles of Constructive Pedagogy. The study focuses on the importance of the rehabilitation group because of two reasons: Firstly, it helps children to integrate into the mainstream basic and secondary education later successfully. Secondly, the common goal and the feeling of togetherness has a great motivation effect on the individuals as well as the members of the group. Therefore the study also highlights the neurological aspects of motivation. Last but not least, the areas of constructive lifestyle are being reported and those tasks that need to be solved in the near future to make the inclusion process even more effective for people with motor disabilities.
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CALL FOR JOINING AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JUNIOR RESEARCH GROUP
123-124Views:40Call for Joining an Interdisciplinary Junior Research Group
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ANALYSIS OF THE SPEECH PERCEPTION AND READING TECHNIQUES OF 3 AND 4 GRADE CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISABILITY
87-107Views:314The current study focuses on the outstanding role of speech processing in the processes of reading and learning of reading. Its importance and actuality are the shaping attitudes of the special needs teachers because the study shows the causes of certain symptoms. We searched for the answer to the relationship between the speech and reading processes of 3rd and 4th-grade children with mild intellectual disabilities. We touched upon the aspects of perception, the functioning of text comprehension compared with sentence comprehension, and the different levels of reading. The experimental group consisted of 26 pupils and the control group consisted of 25 children. Both of the researched areas were studied by standardized methods: the speech process was studied by GMP-diagnostics and the reading by the reading paper of Meixner. The results show the serious delay of development of every studied level of speech processing which causes remarkable difficulty in the quality of reading and reading comprehension. All this information draws attention to the necessity of prevention and the development of speech perception in education.
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ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SPORT OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, I. E.: IS THE SPORT IMPORTANT IN THE LIVES OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES?
19-34Views:545The equal opportunities approach of the second half of the 20th century emphasizes the social inclusion of disadvantaged groups, including persons with disabilities. Education and employment play a key role in achieving integration. Nevertheless, other fields such as leisure time and sporting activities also contribute positively to the social involvement of persons with disabilities. At present nearly 7,000 persons with disabilities are registered in Hungary who pursue sports competitively, of whom approximately 5,000 persons with intellectual disabilities (Regényi et.al, 2017). The study discloses the partial results of a research aimed at revealing the awareness of the Hungarian population regarding the sport of people with disabilities. As such research has never been carried out in Hungary before, it can fill in a niche. The results of our exploratory research may be the starting point for further investigations. The importance of the topic is given by the fact that thanks to the sport the focus is on the outstanding performance of the social group concerned rather than on their limitations and deficiencies, which therefore reinforces the positive and accepting attitude of citizens. Previous research findings have highlighted that the nature of disability-related knowledge influences the way the members of society think about persons with disabilities, i.e. when it is possible to provide information and gain experience focusing on the existing abilities and strengths of the above -mentioned group, attitudes become more positive as well. The findings of the research reveal that respondents consider it important to pursue sport within an integrated framework, at the same time they feel it is justified to do segregated sports with a view to persons with disabilities. Based on the results we can state that the media coverage of achievements in sports competitions of persons with disabilities is perceived as low level, but apparently it is not considered to be a key area in the lives of persons with disabilities.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DISABILITY ATTITUDE FORMATION PROGRAMS THAT CAN BE USED IN PUBLIC EDUCATION
65-80Views:244Social sensitization created in an organized form can be an extremely powerful tool for society to become more accepting of different disabilities, and all of these can also support the more effective social integration of people with disabilities. Rejection or distancing can mostly be the result of a lack of information, so if society gets more insight and information about all this, a higher degree of acceptance can be assumed. In recent decades, the number of programs and events that set this goal has increased spectacularly. Based on the conclusions of international attitude surveys, it can be formulated as an essential variable the quality and quantity of information the respondent has about the given group, whether there is a person with a disability in his microenvironment, whether he has already established an interaction with them, and also the impulses received from the immediate environment, the family values can be an influencing factor. The foreign research on the subject also points out that attitude formation started at an early age can be really effective, and that the impulses received in institutional education can largely determine the attitude of students towards their peers with disabilities. After summarizing the international and domestic attitude research, an analysis of sensitization programs available in Hungary within the framework of institutional education, which may be suitable for shaping attitudes towards disability, was carried out with the help of a system of criteria compiled along these lines. The aspects of the analysis include how many types of disabilities are included, which age group the program is suitable for, with what intensity and how many times participation is possible, the nature of the knowledge transfer, and whether it is possible to come into contact with a disabled person, thus giving the opportunity to gather personal experience. The aim of the analysis is to compare the available programs with the results of foreign attitude surveys to identify the most optimal and widely applicable sensitization programs.
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CHANGING PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH DIFFERENTIATED EDUCATION: DEVELOPMENT OF AREAS OF SELF-ESTEEM IN UPPER GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
21-42Views:244The central question of this longitudinal research (2006-2010) is whether differentiated education has positive effects on the self-esteem of upper-grade elementary school students. Sample: n = 354 persons (177 students in the examination group, 177 students in the control group), age: 10-14 years. Method: Coopersmith's Self-esteem inventory was applied before, after, and three times during the development (a total of 5 occasions of measurement). Result: the controlled and planned differentiated development has a significant impact on positive self-esteem and school achievement.
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Theory of the Diversity of Alternative Music Pedagogy Methods
67-75Views:82Our music education is based on the concept of Zoltán Kodály and the methodological guidance of Katalin Forrai in early childhood, which is an indispensable foundation and support for Hungarian music education. The method uses fundamental values to develop children's musical skills and abilities. At about the same time, music teachers throughout Europe were engaged in reforming the structure and methodological tools of music teaching. Among these music teachers, I would like to highlight the pedagogy of Dalcrose, Orff, Willems and Freinet, who successfully applied early childhood music education and the development of children with special educational needs in their programmes. Based on their pedagogy and methods, they agreed on the following principles: musical education should start as early as possible, continuous musical activity (singing, rhythm, listening, movement, improvisation, instrument, listening) should be given priority, and in addition to age-specific characteristics, adequate emphasis should be given to individual talents, since the uneven development of psychic abilities can lead to differences in levels within a single age group over several years. Music can develop empathy and social skills. Through rhythms and harmonies, the development of large and fine movements can be achieved. It is beneficial for thinking, creativity, self-expression and the development of the sense of self. Music improves well-being, concentration and actively helps to develop attention. It leads to openness and flexibility. It also has a powerful effect on speech, imagination and improvisation skills. That is why we can use music for healing and developmental purposes. There is a long line of research that proves that the earlier in life you start to develop, develop or correct your personality through music, the earlier you should start.
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SPORTING MOTIVATIONS OF STUDENTS WHO LIVE WITH DISABILITIES, IN THE LIGHT OF A REGIONAL RESEARCH
35-44Views:311Among the sports motivations of children, victory occupies a very special place, success, achievement, the need to recognize performance, which predominantly expresses extrinsic orientation (Duda et al., 1992). Studies examining sports motivational factors for people with disabilities do not provide such a comprehensive system as research on intact sports. Thus, the survey of exercise habits and sports motivation factors that determine the quality of life of people with disabilities can be said to be a deficit area both domestically and internationally. The research examines the sports motivation factors of the 8-18 age group (n = 1158) and reports the results of primary research. I present the adaptation of the questionnaire conducted among the Hungarian disabled population to a child sample and its results. No such survey has yet been conducted in Hungary among children with disabilities. In the questionnaire research, the sports habits of young people with disabilities and the emergence of the role of health awareness in sports motivation. I process the data with the help of SPSS software, in addition to the basic statistics, I use the Chi2 test to examine the correlations.
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THE ASCEND PROJECT: THE HUNGARIAN RESARCH REPORT OF AN INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATION
43-52Views:123Our experience was that the social participation and active citizenship of young people with disabilities were low in Hungary. It was difficult to involve young people with disabilities in advocacy work at the national or EU level, because they did not recognize discrimination. The other problem was that they were not aware enough of the anti-discrimination systems that protect them. In many cases, they were skeptical about the effectiveness of anti-discrimination systems. We wished to explore and expand their knowledge of the democratic and anti-discrimination systems operating in their country (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, and Slovakia) Central and Eastern Europe. We also wanted to increase their trust in these systems. This was one of the main pillars of the one-year Ascend program locally lead by The National Federation of Organisations of People with a Physical Disability (in short: MEOSZ) In Hungary, the main goal of the study was to examine the phenomenon of discrimination and anti-discrimination in education. In the Hungarian part of the research, we used qualitative methods (focus group interviews, mind maps) for examination.
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INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL CARE ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS WITH PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENT IN KWARA STATE
7-16Views:142The study examined the influence of parental care on the academic achievement of students with physical impairment in Kwara state. The study adopted a descriptive survey of a correlational type. All students with a physical impairment in Kwara State were the population of this study while 185 students with a physical impairment who were selected through snowball and purposive sampling techniques constituted a sample for this study. A researcher-designed instrument titled: “Influence of Parental Care on Academic Achievement Questionnaire” (IPCAAQ) was used to collect data from the respondents. The data collected were analysed using percentages for demography data and main research questions, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPPC) statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study revealed that the majority (87.6%) of the students with physical impairment experienced positive parental care and that more than half of the students with physical impaired have high and average levels of academic performance. A significant correlation between parental care and academic achievement of students with physical impairment in Kwara state. In addition, a significant relationship was found between the parental care and academic achievement of male and female students with physical impairment irrespective of their age group. Based on the finding, it was recommended that counsellors should intensify efforts on encouraging parents to show caring for their children with any form of disability in order for them to have good academic achievement.
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THE USE OF ENGLISH MEDIA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
49-57Views:190The flow of information in the digital age is facilitated not only by traditional media such as television, radio, and print but also by new media such as the internet, desktops, and integrated computers, tablets, and smartphones, etc. The presence of IT tools is quite common these days among kindergarten-aged children (3-6/7), and even toddlers can use them on a daily basis. Moreover, modern pedagogy is unthinkable without digital devices that have become integral parts of innovations such as game-based learning, media-based learning, and edutainment. There are several language schools and bilingual creches where they accept very young children and babies. It is said that parents know their child best and children spend a lot of time with their parents. In consequence, this provides an excellent opportunity for parents to raise a bilingual child even if it is not his/her first language. In our paper we are combining these two, currently, central issues: the use of English-language media and early childhood language-learning, as only limited research is available about it. We are going to present the results of empirical research carried out mainly in kindergartens in Debrecen, which focused on early second language learning and the children’s use of media. Our research has two goals, so the questionnaires asked parents about the use of foreign-language media, its content and the time children spend consuming English content. In addition, we were interested in the parents’ attitude to their children’s English-language media use. We analyzed our data in the framework of early second language learning. Our research was carried out within the Early Childhood Research Group run by the Faculty of Education for Children and Special Educational Needs of the University of Debrecen. The research was carried out between October 2016 and January 2017.
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ISTVÁN KONCZ 'S LARGE HANDBOOK FOR TRAINERS (Recension)
97-98Views:176The reviewed book is:
Koncz István (2015): Sikeres trénerek nagy kézikönyve. FITT IMAGE Kft., Budapest. 412 oldal, ISBN: 978-963-12-3898-3
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Juggling for Effective Learning - Methods to Encourage the Acquisition of New Skills in an Optional Course at Óbuda University
91-101Views:95Play and learn, or learn while having fun. Unfortunately, in today's achievement-oriented society, education is all about getting a student to complete a predetermined task on time. This pressure can be very stressful for students, especially if they themselves are perfectionists and want to do their best, and fear failure (repeating a term) and the feeling of underachievement when compared to the abilities of their peers. The "Juggling for Effective Learning" course has already been offered six times to students at Óbuda University. The primary reason for the course was to help students who have a disability, primarily a learning disability (dyslexia or dysgraphia). However, students who are curious about the course are also welcome to attend.
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COOPERATION VS. COMPETITION. APPROACHES ON THE INCLUSION OF CHILDREN WITH SEN
25-33Views:301Solving learning tasks, among students, is usually done in the context of an interaction based on competition or cooperation. Either of the two types of interaction - cooperation and competition - has different effects in terms of the students' mutual attitudes, the degree of involvement, and the degree of participation in the performance of school tasks and individual school performance. The success of the school inclusion of students with SEN implies the cooperation between all the factors involved in this process. Special education is a part of the Romanian education system and should support educational programs for pupils with SEN suitable for their harmonious development. We started in our research from the application of a questionnaire to which teachers from Bihor County responded. If, in the preceding article, this working instrument was applied to a number of 163 teachers from mass education, to mixed classes that had in their composition and children with special educational requirements, in this article we extract the data that we have collected from to a number of 63 teachers in special education. The questionnaire comprises a total of 46 items referring to the atmosphere of cooperation and competition and comprises two parts. The first part includes questions regarding seniority in work, educational grade, age, number of the group of students they work with, etc.
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ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG THE POPULATION OF HAJDÚBÖSZÖRMÉNY OVER 65 YEARS OF AGE
67-76Views:226The importance of physical activity is increasingly recognized by many people, both laymen, and professionals. Regular exercise at all ages contributes to strengthening the different dimensions of health. Ideally, physical activity is integrated into our lives from an early age, however, based on public health indicators, unfortunately, the opposite trend is to be seen in Hungary. One of the most striking features of demographic processes is the continuous increase in the number and proportion of the elderly population. In an ageing society, it is crucial to maintain good health conditions for people over 65 for the following reasons: to improve the quality of life of the individual, to reduce health expenditures, and because of the inevitably increased number of elderly in the labour market. National demographic changes are just as characteristic in Hajdúböszörmény, so it is worth examining the components of the physical activity of the local population. The aim of our research is to explore the characteristics of exercising related to work, transport, household work, and leisure sports. Unfortunately, as well as the amount, the quality of the population’s time spent exercising is below international recommendations. Mapping the exercising motives of the elderly confirmed our assumption that the preservation of physical and mental health is the main drive behind the activity of the target group.
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NEW "CONTACTS": MUSIC TEACHERS, THEOLOGY TEACHERS, AND 'SEN' STUDENTS
39-53Views:159This study focuses on the integrated-inclusive education of the students with special educational needs from the side of two 'new' groups of teachers. After outlining the specific situation religious and music teachers perform in education a detailed analysis follows, which focuses on the facts of how these people see their own knowledge, difficulties, and needs in inclusive and integrated education. To assess their situation their results are compared to a so-called ’control group’. The study group is formed by the ’classic’ actors of public education, the teachers who teach general subjects.