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Psychological Influence of Play Method on the Development of Pre-School Children with and without Hearing Impairment in Ika South, Delta State, Nigeria
101-112Views:207The purpose of the study is to determine the psychological influence of play method of teaching on the development of pre-school children with and without hearing impairment in Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State in Nigeria. Four research questions were formulated to guide the study while four hypotheses were tested. A descriptive survey was adopted in this study. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 90 teachers as sample for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire titled “Pre-school Children Development Rating Scale” (PCDRS) for children with and without hearing impairment. Face and content validation were carried out. The reliability of the instrument was done using Cronbach Alpha to give a Reliability index of 0.77. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that: play method of teaching has high psychological influence on language skill development of children with and without hearing impairment with higher influence on hearing children and that play method has a high psychological influence on social skill development, creative skill development and problem solving skill development of both hearing children and children with hearing impairment; there is significant psychological influence of play method on language skills development of pre-school children with and without hearing impairment; the use of play method has no significant influence on the social skills, creative skills and problem solving skills development of preschool children with and without hearing impairment. Based on the findings, the study recommends that play method should be employed to teach language to all children, especially those with hearing impairment to aid language, social, creative and problem-solving skills developments at basic levels and that the pre-school classroom teachers should be trained in workshops and seminars on how to use play to teach to achieve skills development. It also recommends that pre-school classrooms should be appropriately arranged with the adequate play toys and materials that facilitates learning processes.
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HISTORY OF LANGUAGE LEARNING AT AN EARLY AGE ON NYÍREGYHÁZA
7-18Views:364In our paper, we deal with the significance of learning languages at an early age. While going through the literature of the topic, we draw attention to the importance of age in learning a language, as well as the basic differences between language learning and language acquisition. In the following, we present the options outside the family (such as language schools and family creche 'családi bölcsőde') for learning a language at an early age in Nyíregyháza in 2017. In our research, we also wanted to find out what differences can be seen in terms of the methodology of early foreign language activities in kindergartens/preschools between the activities held during the change of the political regime in Hungary (1989/1990) and today. We chose the interview as a research method because in this way we can get a picture of the foreign language activities in kindergartens/preschools and their first steps in the 1990s when they were first available to children. We made eight interviews in spring 2017, asking kindergarten pedagogues/early childhood educators and language teachers as well as who had held English activities in kindergartens/preschools. Based on the information we received from the informants, we can say that early English activities were available in 23 kindergartens/preschools out of the 34 kindergartens/preschools (68%) operating in Nyíregyháza, Hungary in 2017. In some kindergartens/preschools children can also take part in early French and German activities. We have also realized that the number of those kindergartens/preschools which organize playful foreign language activities on a weekly basis has been increasing since the 1990s. From the recollections of the informants, it has also been revealed to us that during the change of the political system providing personal criteria (that is finding qualified teachers) was the most difficult task. Nowadays, several kindergartens/preschools employ kindergarten pedagogues who are able to take part in the language development of children in a foreign language as they are competent users of it. Playfulness, using audiovisual devices, and a lot of props have been highly important since the very beginning in the kindergartens, and pedagogues have also been doing their best to use and try different methods in order to develop the foreign language competence of children aged 4-7.
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The Effect of Digital Screen Use on the Development of Cognitive, Motor and Language Skills in Early Childhood
125-138Views:940The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between cognitive, motor, and speech development in early childhood, with a particular focus on such problems as they are associated with the use of digital screens, by reviewing the relevant literature and theoretical frameworks. In the first part of the study, we present the basic mechanisms of cognitive functions, motor and speech development and their interactions, and briefly discuss the role of cognitive and executive functions in speech development. In the second part of the study, we discuss the impact of digital screen use on child development in light of Hungarian and international research experience and trends. In addition, we review the guidelines and recommendations related to digital screen use that can help parents, caregivers, and (special) educators to support healthy language development in children.
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MONITORING AND SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
69-77Views:272Development is a continuous process influenced by several factors. If practitioners would like to ensure children's and young persons' optimal social and emotional development and school performance, they have to monitor both development and academic achievement from early childhood until the age of 19. In the UK, more than one million children struggle with speech, language, and communication problems so early identification is of vital importance. If identification is missed or late, it may have detrimental effects on the child’s or young person’s psychological, mental, and physical health. Multi-agency teams work in collaboration in order to provide relevant help to those in need.
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THE STATE OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN'S
77-88Views:1151The study addresses the language problems of children with socio-cultural background problems. Children from the environment using a limited language code are more likely to start with a language disadvantage or language delay, and these ability deficits do not or only moderately decrease during the years of institutional education. In the presented pilot study, n = 20 people from Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, disadvantaged Gypsy / Roma children living in three villages and their parents were analyzed. In the study, the Parental Treatment Questionnaire (H-PBI, Gordon, 1979), the LAPP Active Vocabulary Survey (Lőrik et al., 2015), and the speech of children with delayed/impeded speech developed by Dr. Ágnes Juhász and Tiborné Bittera (1995) and its language development was examined. The results were interpreted according to the small sample on the basis of simple statistics, and the drawing of conclusions is also treated sparingly.
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L'EFFETTO DEI SOCIAL MEDIA SULLA LINGUA ITALIANA
123-128Views:312Il presente studio ha valutato le caratteristiche e gli atteggiamenti nell'uso della lingua di n = 97 madrelingua italiani in relazione all'interazione tra i social media e la lingua italiana. I risultati mostrano che i social media hanno solo una piccola influenza sull'uso della lingua degli intervistati e non è chiaro se gli utenti della lingua vedano il cambiamento nella lingua italiana come un'evoluzione o una regressione.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE ITALIAN LANGUAGE
In the Italian-language study, n = 97 native-speaking Italian respondents were assessed for their language use characteristics and attitudes in relation to the interaction between Social Media and the Italian language. The results show that Social Media has only a small influence on the language use of the respondents and it is not clear whether language users see the change in the Italian language as evolution or regression.
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LEARNING GERMAN WITH DYSLEXIA
67-75Views:803The current study provides insight into the specificities of dyslexic pupils learning German as a foreign language by measuring their language lexical knowledge. The aim was to explore the nature of dyslexia whilst learning a foreign language. Should we really free all such pupils from the strains of learning a foreign language? Or is it a case of finding the appropriate methodology to learn a new language? The goal is to measure language skills in a foreign language and draw inferences from this. Method: Word association exercises are used to measure the lexical knowledge of children with learning disorders, including dyslexia. Sample: 19 students with learning disorders. Conclusion: The results clearly indicate that we should find pupils’ individual strengths and utilise these, instead of simply exempting pupils from learning foreign languages.
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POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE AND IN-PERSON INFORMATION PROCESSING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE SKILLS IN CHILDHOOD
101-110Views:563The following study provides a brief overview of some research findings, both Hungarian and international, that draw attention to the dangers of using digital devices in childhood, particularly to the potential for damage to the nervous system, locomotor, and speech development. In all cases, we seek to support the data with clear explanations, from the standpoint of developmental neurology and language development. As a counterweight to the questions raised, we will present equestrian and storytelling task types that illustrate the essential role of personal presence heard speech, and (mainly outdoor) exercise in the development of children's partial skills, such as speech production, speech perception, and speech comprehension. Each of the cases reported here stems from the experience of our equestrian practice. This awareness-raising study was designed to draw attention to the fact that the optimal timing of children’s encounters with the digital world is still unresolved, and that the marginalization of the off-line world poses more dangers than many people think.
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TEACHING GERMAN IN NYÍREGYHÁZA TO STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
69-81Views:460The present paper deals with the issues of teaching a second language to school-aged children with SEN in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. In our research, we made semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions featuring 25 children with Special Educational Needs in grades 7 and 8 in order to gain more information about their opinion and attitudes concerning German lessons at school, which in turn might help to unify the material and/or the methods. We also contacted the children’s parents (25) to fill out a questionnaire about their impressions and opinions with regard to their children’s German learning experience at school. Finally, we asked the two teachers to paint a broader picture of teaching German to children with SEN. The research took place in spring 2020 in Nyíregyháza. We did our research in Viktor Göllesz Vocational School, Skills Development School, Student Hostel, and Integrated Special Educational Methodological Institution as well as in Gusztáv Bárczi Primary School, Skills Development School, Student Hostel, and Integrated Special Educational Methodological Institution. To carry out our research, we asked for the parents’ and the head teachers’ ethical consent. Our experience underlines that all the participants in the teaching process feel that there is a need for unification. It would be much easier for all parties to have a German coursebook written for students aged 13-16 with SEN. Based on the answers of the language teachers, we came to the conclusion that they pay attention to individual development and playful, communicative language teaching, even though it is challenging to teach German to children with SEN, as they often have difficulties in their mother tongue.
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PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD THROUGH MUSIC EDUCATION
189-196Views:713The study focuses on a small but important segment of Hungarian culture, the musical education of children aged 3-7. Its central theme is to examine how the adaptation of folk games and related movements can be one of the most complex developmental forces in the personality development of this age group. This is because this period is fundamental in terms of cultural transmission and plays an integrative role in aesthetic education. As the pre-school child develops musically, his or her memory, imagination, associative abilities, creativity, attention and interest are constantly being developed through joyful activity, since his or her movements in connection with folk play are not yet guided and determined by the meaning and content of the text, but by the melody and its rhythm and the spontaneous feeling of joy associated with them. The role of musical education, and within it of folk games, is also evident in the process of emotional education, socialisation, intellectual development and language development. The links examined and presented demonstrate that folk games help children to develop skills that will enable them to become school-ready and to continue to develop in adult life.
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MATHEMATICAL STATISTICAL BACKGROUND OF SELF-CONTROLLED EFFECTIVENESS STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
65-75Views:824This paper offers methodological guidance to the mathematical-statistical analysis of self-controlled (pre-test - development - post-test type) effectiveness studies of development programs written for children who need special treatment. After summarising the basic terms we show what kind of commands can be given to a downloadable free software (it is the R language), and how we can interpret the results of statistical calculations done by the software.
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MATHEMATICAL STATISTICAL BACKGROUND OF ONE SAMPLE, CRITERIUM ORIENTED EFFECTIVENESS STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
69-78Views:792This paper offers methodological guidance to the mathematical-statistical analysis of criterium-oriented effectiveness studies (in case of examining one sample, when we compare the observed values to a criterium value of a development plan) of development programs for children who need special treatment. We provide practical help to choose the adequate mathematical-statistical test for examining differences in the case of one sample (see: Abari et all, 2015), to create commands for R statistical software, as well as to the interpretation of R results.
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LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGE WITH CARICATURES AND COMICS
73-85Views:318Applying comics and cartoons can be an effective method of talent development in the area of learning foreign languages. The present study shows a) how we can use the possibilities of comics and cartoons to develop the creativity of students in the frame of foreign language lessons; b) what cooperative methods we can apply with help of the drawings; c) how we can motivate our students to learn languages.
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A HISTORICAL LOOK AT THE DEVELOPMENT OF 19TH CENTURY GYPSY LITERARY WRITING
113-121Views:254The present study attempts to parallel the history of the development of 19th-century Gypsy literary writing with the history of the development of Hungarian language writing and literature in the 18th and 19th centuries. The basis of which was the concept of the literary historian János Horváth
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STRUCTURES OF DATABASES FOR IMPACT STUDIES OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES IN A FREE STATISTICAL SOFTWARE: IN THE SOFTWARE ’R’
37-47Views:2022In order to carry out effectiveness study of the development programs (e.g. education, children with special needs) based on mathematical-statistical methods, the following factors are important: 1) you need some basic mathematical definitions (Math et all., 2015), 2) a statistical software (e.g.: the ’R’) at a reasonable price, 3) some experience in working with this software. The ’R’ is free downloadable software (that can be applied in mathematical-statistical calculations too) which can be a very useful instrument of research of children who need special treatment. This paper provides a practical solution in connection with the last two factors and introduces language ’R’ and its possibilities.
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Talent Workshop at the Institute of Hungarian Linguistics and Literary Science in Nyitra
205-214Views:157Since the establishment of the Faculty of Central European Studies, the staff of our Institute have been engaged in both theoretical and practical inquiries related to talent development. This study presents a brief history of the Institute of the Hungarian Linguistics and Literary Science at the Faculty of Central European Studies of the Constantine Philosopher University of Nitra, outlines the linguistic research conducted there, and provides an overview of the Institute’s talent development activities in the field of linguistics. a century and historical adversity to become an internationally recognised intellectual centre. The Institute has overcome the difficulties of more than half a century and historical adversity to become an internationally recognised intellectual centre. It has a wide range of educational and scientific activities, the mainstay of which is talent management and training. The Institute's core mission is to carry out research in two fields: language and literature. There needs to be a growing awareness in our institution of the responsibility to provide prospective teachers with a multifaceted, complex body of knowledge, not only in terms of lexical knowledge and methodology, but also in terms of the possibilities for developing their professional role as individuals. The study also reports on the linguistic talent development programs currently being implemented at the Institute, as well as on its strategies for fostering the next generation of scholars.
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MATHEMATICAL STATISTICAL BACKGROUND OF ONE SAMPLED LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
63-72Views:851This paper offers methodological guidance to the mathematical-statistical analysis of one sampled longitudinal study of development programs. After summarising the basic terms we: a) show a simple algorithm to choice adequate statistic tests, b) present R commands of these statistic tests (note: R is a downloadable free software), and c) give suggestions about how we can interpret the results of statistical calculations done by this software.
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A CASE STUDY OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN KINDERGARTENS SINCE 1989 – A NORTH-EAST HUNGARIAN CITY
127-137Views:297In our paper, we deal with the significance of learning languages at an early age. The research aimed to explore how the teaching methods employed in kindergartens have altered with the change of the political regime in 1989–90. A case-study was conducted using semi-structured interviews (n=7) with early childhood educators and language teachers in 2016/2017. Oral history method was used because no written material was produced. Based on information we received from the informants and local authorities, early English activities were available in 68% of kindergartens in the North-East Hungarian city when the research was undertaken. The number of kindergartens which organize playbased foreign language practices has been increasing since the 1990s. In the beginning, providing educational personnal was the most difficult task. Using audio-visual devices and props has been highly important, and Early Childhood Educators have been doing their best when working with children aged 4–7. However, there are differences too, due to the development of technology.
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL COMPETENCE OF CHILDREN FROM AN UNDERPRIVILEGED BACKGROUND
87-94Views:491In September 2010, by the introduction of the educational reform in Serbia, namely the introduction of inclusion, the number of children from disadvantaged backgrounds and multiple disadvantaged backgrounds has significantly increased. From September 2013, the University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Education in Hungarian Language, Subotica and University of Szeged, Gyula Juhász Faculty of Education, Institute of Adult Education worked out a program, in which the students of these two Universities participated as mentors in the compensatory education of disadvantaged children. The purpose of the present study is to introduce the structure of the Student Mentoring Program that serves as an excellent example for other schools. According to in-service teachers, one of the long-term positive outcomes of the mentoring program is the development of the social competencies of disadvantaged children.
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SIMPLE GAMES FOR TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES TO LEARNERS WITH LANGUAGE-BASED LEARNING DISABILITIES
121-134Views:553Teaching languages to learners with dyslexia is a challenge for the language teacher since preparing materials for Multi-sensory Structured Learning Techniques (MSL) is time-consuming and costly. In our paper, we present simple teaching aids that are appropriate, mostly for upper-primary English lessons (Grade 4–8). The paper does not discuss possibilities offered by ICT tools, focusing on manipulative tasks only. First, we present techniques without writing (e.g. TPR), then we present tasks and ideas that require writing in the areas of developing spelling, vocabulary and speaking. In addition, we discuss the development of listening and writing skills.
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MATHEMATICAL STATISTIC BACKGROUND OF EFFECTIVENES STUDIES WHICH COLLECT DATA FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL AND A CONTROLL GROUP ONLY ONCE
73-82Views:841One kind of effectiveness study of developmental programs compares results of an experimental group and a control group (when the data collecting happened only once). This paper offers methodological guidance to choose, apply and interpret adequate mathematical statistic analysis of these studies. Using R environment (this is a downable free software) is recommended to compute statistical results.
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I Move, Therefore I Am: An Arts Programme for Equality of Opportunity
151-161Views:216The study presents the adaptation and investigation of an art program tailored to the developmental focus of children/students with intellectual disabilities. Klára Kokas's music reception method is well-known to music teachers. The structure of the ritual-like sessions is constant, while the content varies, and it includes several creative elements—creative singing, improvisational dance, and visual creation. With modifications, this technique may be suitable for the language development of students with intellectual disabilities. From the art program, the improvisational movement and dance—among the creative components of the Kokas method—were retained, following motivating and engaging preliminary singing that differed from the original Kokas instructions. Instead of creative singing, the emphasis was placed on incorporating ritual elements adopted from folk tradition, which are tailored to the structure of the specific abilities of the participants. The musicality and cathartic effect of folk rhymes and children's games do not contradict Kokas pedagogy; rather, they harmonize with it. Their repetition provides security for the participants, and the recurring elements act with the joy of recognition. Visual creation was omitted due to time constraints imposed by the 45-minute school class structure. The study is based on modern theoretical frameworks, e.g., the principle of transfer, the theory of Embodied Cognition, and the OPERA theory.