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• Income situation, income conditions and income inequalities among the inhabitants of those living in settlement conditions

  63-75

  Gergely Fábián

  Views:

  169

  In the studied impoverished neighborhood, the incomes are significantly lower than the incomes typical of the national and the Northern Great Plain region. The low income is due to unfavorable employment, low educational level and household size. The national average is 2.3 people per household, however, here there are 3.2 per household. A significant part of the population finds it very difficult to live only from their income. In terms of livelihood-related expenditures, expenses related to houseing is the biggest problem for inhabitants. Typically, they are not able to pay their bills and deferring payments usually for rent and utilities is common. At the same time, income inequality exceeding the national average is found int the neigborhood. This is primarily due to the very favorable situation of the top 10%of those living there. this top 10% are characterized not only by the net amount of their income, which is significantly higher than in the neighborhood and also to a lesser extent higher than the national average. Not only are their incomes higher but they have smaller households and are fully employed.

• Income situations, income conditions among the residents of two settlements

  45-54

  Gergely Fábián

  Péter Takács

  Views:

  217

  The monthly net income of settlement residents is much lower than in the town of Nyíregyháza or nationwide. Poor employment stands in the background, which naturally stems from the education level of settlement residents. Almost 80% of them completed 8 grades of primary school only or even fewer, while the number and rate of those who gained any qualification is very low. When examining income disparities in Nyíregyháza, it can be seen that the majority of settlement residents, 76.6%, belong to the 2 lowest deciles, and the rate of income poor also exceeds what is measured in the town or across the country. Considering the 60% of median income, 78% of the residents are poor. Regarding the costs of living, housing expenses cause the biggest trouble and many households have been struggling with arrears.

• Lifestyle and socio-economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in Madadeni Township, South Africa

  5-21

  Zibuyile Angel Mposula

  Tünde Pacza

  Judith Szepesi

  Endre Máthé

  Views:

  138

  Rapid urbanization, social inequalities, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy eating habits are contributing factors to the increasing prevalence of diabetes in South Africa. Data was collected from 99 residents in Madadeni, South Africa. The analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) V.29. The sample had a mean age of 67.4±9.4 years, with 73.74% females and 26.26% males. Majority had Grade 10 as their highest level of education (31.31%) and were retired (51.52%). The average number of household members was 6.35±2.57. The average estimated total income was R5681.82±R2585.73 per month, with 2.13±0.92 members contributing to household income. Majority (72.72%) had T2DM, while 27.27% had T1DM. The quantitative results highlight the importance of increasing awareness and providing health education to empower the affected population with self-management knowledge.