Keresés

Keresési eredmények

• Tévedés jogtörténeti fejlődésének egyes állomásai, különös tekintettel Bernolák Nándor tévedés tanára

  Mónusné Kiss Katalin

  Megtekintések száma:

  50

  I examine one of the grounds for the preclusion of culpability and grounds for the termination of culpability: error. Grounds for the preclusion of culpability are the followings: infancy, abnormal mental condition, constraint and menace, error, negligible degree of danger to society of an act, self-defence, extreme necessity (emergency), absence of private motion, other grounds defined in the Act. Grounds for the termination of culpability are: the death of the perpetrator, prescription, remission, cessation or becoming negligible of the dangerousness for society of the act, other grounds defined in the Act.

  Grounds for the preclusion of culpability and grounds for the termination of culpability mean that culpability shall be precluded.

  Error - as an obstacle of the preclusion of culpability – is not as usual as other grounds for the preclusion of culpability, for example: insane mental state, constraint or menace. Error means - 27. § of the Hungarian Criminal Code – that the perpetrator shall not be punishable for a fact of which he was not aware on perpetration. The person, who commits an act in the erroneous hypothesis that it is not dangerous for society and who has reasonable ground for this hypothesis, shall not be punishable. Error shall not exclude culpability, if it is caused by negligence and the law also punishes perpetration deriving from negligence.

  I examine error’s ruling from Roman law to now days. One of the most important books was written by Nandor Bernolak: The Error doctrine. I succeeded Bernolak’s method to search how error was regulated in different ages. Bernolak wrote his essay in 1910, so he described the rules of error as it appeared in Code Csemegi. I follow his method during the examination of 1950.:II. Criminal Code of General Part, 1961. IV. Criminal Code and finally 1978. IV. Criminal Code.

  I found many differences and similarities between Criminal Codes, Propositions, and finally I compiled a table about the changes of the development in error’s legal history.

  There is a rule that is known generally from Roman law: „ignorantia facti, non iuris excusat”, which means: ignorance of the law means no excuse.

• Az on-line felhasználási folyamat szereplőinek felelősségi kérdéseiről

  Aranyi Péter

  Megtekintések száma:

  26

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A fizetésképtelenségi jog nemzetközi és magyar fejlődéstörténete

  1-14

  Alföldi Ágnes Dóra

  Megtekintések száma:

  64

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A fogyasztóvédelem történeti fejlődése és szabályozási elvei

  71-78

  Zoványi Nikolett

  Megtekintések száma:

  175

  Absztrakt nélkül

• Egy amerikai radikális feminista gondolatai a nemek közötti egyenlőtlenségről – CatharineA. MacKinnon: A feminizmus változásai – Előadások életről és jogról

  95-99

  Mádi Sarolta

  Megtekintések száma:

  140

  Absztrakt nélkül

• Határokon átnyúló egyesülések és felvásárlások az európai szabályozási keret tükrében

  1-12

  Bakerjian Leen

  Megtekintések száma:

  150

  A tanulmány az egyesülések és felvásárlások globális gazdaságban betöltött szerepét vizsgálja. Tárgyalja az ügyletek végrehajtásának kihívásait, előnyeit és kérdéseit a törvényesség, a társadalom és a kultúra szempontjából. Emellett egy empirikus vizsgálatot is tartalmaz, amely az egyesülések és felvásárlások alkalmazását elemzi különböző társadalmi és kulturális munkakörnyezetek jelenlétében.

  Az írás kitér arra is, hogy az ilyen típusú ügyleteket milyen jogi eszközökkel szabályozzák a világ különböző területein, különösen az Európai Unióban. Kitekint az Európai Unióban az egyesüléseket és felvásárlásokat szabályozó jogi eszközökre, és megkérdőjelezi az Európai Unió alapvető szabadságainak alkalmazhatóságát a határokon átnyúló egyesülési és felvásárlási irányelvek fényében. A tanulmány vitatja továbbá az Európai Bíróságnak a letelepedés szabadságával és a határokon átnyúló M & As alkalmazásával kapcsolatos megközelítését.

  Végül a cikk bemutatja a határokon átnyúló egyesülési irányelvek rendelkezéseinek hátulütőit, és megkérdőjelezi az európai jogalkotó azon döntéseit, melyeket az említett irányelvek kidolgozásakor hozott.

• A strasbourgi bíróság jogfejlesztő tevékenysége és az „európai konszenzus”

  32-39

  Kémeri Zsófia Eszter

  Megtekintések száma:

  44

  The European Convention on Human Rightsin collaboration with the European Court of Human Rights created a jurisprudence which is simply the most effective system in international human rightsprotection. Based on the Convention’s Preamble, European countries intend to create a common European legal system and develop the cooperation between the “likeminded European countries” through the common heritage of democracy and the rule of law. Keep pace with the needs of present-day society would be difficult for the Court, but using the principles of interpretation of the Convention, the court seems to be able to maintain a balance between development and stability.With the use of evolutive interpretation, the Convention is a so-called living instrument which means that the Court interpret the document according to the present-day conditions. Based on this assumption, I wish to examine the principle of evolutive interpretation adopted by the Strasbourg Court, which has a major role in the so-called European consensus. In the first part of the essay, I discuss the types of consensus-analyzes using by the Strasbourg court, and later I scrutinize the historical aspects of the evolutive interpretation and its practical relevance in the Court’s case-law. After that, I analyze the justification of the principle and I mention the criticisms formulated against the evolutive interpretation. Finally, I consider that the purposes about the closer union among the European countries established by the Preamble and the effective protection of human rights could not occur without the implementation of evolutive interpretation

• Alkotmányozási eljárások Magyarországon (1989-2011)

  Balogh Éva

  Megtekintések száma:

  145

  In my research paper I study the Hungarian constitutional processes. The subjects of my analysis are three periods, namely the change of the political system in 1989, the constitutional attempts from 1994 to 1998, and the constitutional process between 2010 and 2011.

  The processes are examined on the basis of the two notions: “legality” and “legitimacy”. Under the concept “formal legality”, I mean the legal validity of the constitutional process; i.e. whether the constitutional process takes place in accordance with the current legislation. The concept of “legitimacy” has two aspects. On the one hand, empirical legitimacy investigates whether the citizens de facto accept the constitution and value it as respectable independently of the normative motives of its acceptance. On the other hand, normative legitimacy examines whether the constitution is based on justifiable principles and whether it might be considered as legally binding.

  The constitutional process in 1989 - aimed at establishing a democratic transition – took place within round-table discussions of the representatives of the old system and the strengthened opposition. As a result of the radical changes, the democratic Constitution was established in Hungary and the multi-party system also developed. The outcome of the discussions was the general supervision of the Constitution. Formally, there was only an amendment to the Constitution in 1989; however, as regard its content, a completely new norm was established.

  Since the change of the political system in 1989, the idea of creating a new constitution emerges again and again in the Hungarian public life. In the course of the elections in 2010, a party alliance (in which both parties represented the same political line) reached the required two-thirds majority in the Parliament, and aimed at establishing a new constitution. The result of the constitutional process is a completely new constitution (both the form and the content of the previous constitution were changed).

  All things considered, it can be stated that the amendment to the Constitution in 1989 was accepted lawfully by the Parliament of the old system, i.e. the constitutional process was legal, and in a normative sense, a legitimate Constitution was created. In 2011, the Fundamental Law of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország Alaptörvénye) was adopted on the basis of the procedure determined by the Constitution in 1989, i.e. the constitutional process was legal, though; the present research paper highlights some elements of the constitutional process that might be criticized. At present, the legitimacy of the Fundamental Law of Hungary is controversial from both sociological and normative perspectives.

• A mediáció lehetőségei a büntető igazságszolgáltatásban munkajogi szemmel

  Rab Henriett

  Megtekintések száma:

  37

  Mediation or agreement between perpetrator and victim in criminal law is a special form of damage reparation. Contrary to the simple reparation – where is no need to have a formal contract between the parties – mediation means a meeting between the parties to make an agreement that suits to both of them.
  

  Development of mediation in criminal law has its roots in the birth of diversion. It was a formal legal procedure to rebuild the injured legal system and repair damages. The first programs of mediation have appeared in Canada and the United States.
  

  Differently from the conciliation in labour law authorities have to define guidelines about forms of procedures outside the trial, about the process and modes of harmonization to preserve the prestige of state’s power of punish.
  

  In the mediation process competence of making decisions are in the hand of the parties too. Parties have to order upon the agreement. This extra-jurisdictional form of agreement means that the potential victim gives up his right to accusation. This agreement frees the perpetrator from the criminal liability.
  

  We can say that fundamental principles of mediation are the same in any fields of law, but mediation in criminal law has the most interesting and numerable specification because of the state power.

• A társadalomra veszélyesség – mint bűncselekmény fogalmi összetevő – értelmezése, különös tekintettel e fogalmi elem szükségességére, vagy elvetendőségére

  Zádor Orsolya

  Megtekintések száma:

  33

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A kérdezés jelentősége a tanúvallomás során

  60-70

  Törő Blanka

  Megtekintések száma:

  125

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• Texas Shoot-out, avagy biztosítéki konstrukciók a szindikátusi kötelemben

  118-129

  Szabó Gergely

  Megtekintések száma:

  67

  The shareholders agreement is considered a typical contract. This agreement is concluded by and between the members of the company in order to establish the rules of the cooperation among them, their behaviour towards and expectations from each other in connection with the company.

  The agreement is often used in the practice, since its flexible construction enables to rule various types of transaction. For example, in Hungary there is a growing tendency i.e.the major investments and joint venture agreements are being established in the frame of a shareholders’ agreement.

  On the other hand, drafting such a contract is a complex procedure. This type of agreement is not governed by specific law, therefore the general rules of the contract law may be linefore. Furthermore the shareholders’ agreement is located at the borderline between the civil and company law, and in a given case it might be complicated to enforce the provisions of the agreement. For example, if the member breaches the voting provision outlined in the shareholders’ agreement, then the resolution passed upon the contract breach cannot be challenged.

  Due to lack of a specific law, the practice created the adequate legal securities to ensure the enforcement of the cooperation structure outlined in the shareholders’ agreement.

  As the first analysed security, the purpose of the buy-out clauses (Russian Roulette, Texas Shoot-out, Dutch Auction, Put-Option, Call-Option) is to ensure the company’s permanent operation, if there is an insoluble dispute among the members, which obstructs the decision making, and consequently the operation of the company, as well. The concept of the buy-out clause is to settle the dispute in the way of taking over the participation of the involved member by another member.

  The exit clauses (Drag Along, Carry Along) aimed to encumber or to unburden the step out from the company. The entitled person is able to sell the shares of the remaining members to the buyer, or to oblige the seller to sell his own and the entitled person’s participations jointly to the buyer.

  The takeover clauses’ (Control Flip Over, Swiss Clause) duty is to enable the enforcement of the corporate legal obligations outlined in the agreement. If a member fails to fulfil his obligations, the entitled person may acquire his participation, which will enable him to pass the necessary resolution in the members meeting (general meeting). After the voting, the “seller” is entitled to buy back his participation at the same price.

  If the members want to exclude acquiring participation by third persons in the company without their approval, there are adequate securities to be specified in the shareholders’ agreement (for example the right of first refusal, option right).

  By the specific type of shareholders’ agreement the creditor makes investments in the company and becomes member in order to secure the transaction. If the company or the original owners of the company breach the contract, they will be held individually liable till the limit of the investmented amount.

  The shareholders’ agreement is an efficient option to rule major transactions, and with the help of the securities described in this study, the investor could feel his money in safe. On the other hand, there are still a lot of questions to be answered. For example the compliance of these securities with the strict provisions of the law. It is the duty of the practice to reveal the answers.

• Beszámoló a Pavol Jozef Šafárik Egyetem Jogtudományi Karának 40 éves jubileuma alkalmából megrendezett nemzetközi konferenciáról

  71-73

  Hajnal Zsolt

  Megtekintések száma:

  99

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• A jogkövetkezményeket érintő problémák a munkaszerződés egyes hibatípusainál

  19-26

  Prugberger Tamás

  Megtekintések száma:

  82

  Rechtsvolgenabziehungsproblemen bei einigen Fehlertypender der Arbeitvertragsbindung

  In diesem Beitrag werden die am öften vorkommene Fehler analisiert, die an der Arbeitvertragsschliesung tauchen auf. Fünf solcher Fehlertypen werden in diesem Beitrag verhandelt. Diese Vehlertiepen tauchen am öften bei den arbeitvertragsahnliche dauerhafte Unternehmens-, und Mandatsvertrage, genau so wie, bei dem Konkrenzabziehendsvertrag auf. Auserdem die Analisierung dehnt auf solche Vertragsproblemen auch aus, die bei der Arbeitzeitbestimmung und bei der handlungsfahikkeit der Verttragsparteien, eben so wie bei dem „Reservatio mentalis” auftauchen.

• Az EU pénzügyi érdekeinek védelme, fókuszban a korrupció elleni szervezete

  8-13

  Balla Zsuzsa

  Megtekintések száma:

  98

  Nowadays in these economical hard times it is very important to manage the public money efficiently. On the one hand it is a demand in the memberships countries and in the budget in the Europian Union.  On the other hand it is a requirement from the oridnary people too.

  Actually the Europian Union takes part in the struggle against corruption. In fact the Europian Union has a strategy of struggle against corruption and cheating.  The EU focuses on two fileds of strugggle against corruption, one of both is the budget of EU and the other is the public procurements.

  In this study I am dealing with the strategy of struggle against corruption, the main institutes and the main regulations.

• A munkaügyi alternatív vitafeloldó módszerek a bírósághoz fordulás alapjogának fényében

  Nádházy Zsolt

  Megtekintések száma:

  74

   

  Thanking to the fact that numerous European countries have become more democratized, and to the practical experience based on common law legal system, from the middle of the XXth century some of the continental legal systems have begun to apply alternative procedures for solving disputes between parties, such as facilitation, arbitration or mediation. We can stress two important common features of these solutions. Firstly, if parties apply these ways, they can avoid the traditional judicial way (or, if the result of the chosen method is not satisfactory, these ways can be considered as the preliminary step before the judicial way). Secondly, these procedures have appeared firstly in labour law.

  As we emphasized, applying these solutions parties try to avoid the judicial way, for this reason in this study we try to introduce the relationship between these methods and the basic right to turn a (traditional) court. Expert’s opinions in connection with these processes are very different, we introduce only the two farthest standpoint: on the one hand these ways can speed up the procedure between parties, and can increase the efficiency of it, and parties can agree with each other by amicable way. On the other hand, applying these ways some of the basic rights (for example the principle of independence of courts and the right of fair trial or the principle of contradictory) will be decreased.

  In this study we try to examine the problem determined in the title, on the basis of the rules of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the Constitution of Hungary. But, we have to examine not only the right of fair trial and turning to a (traditional) court, but the monopoly of courts in connection with solving legal disputes (as constitutional principle) in details. We utilize the orders of the Hungarian Constitutional Court as well as the theological and practical experience of these procedures. We have to emphasize that from the different alternative dispute-solving mechanisms we examine not all of the models, but only the model of New York, because only the procedures follow these model are relevant for us in this study.

• Terhelti védekezések jogi és pszichológiai szempontú értékelése az adminisztratív csődbüntett köréből

  Elek Balázs

  Hajdú Krisztina

  Megtekintések száma:

  74

  Psychology plays a main role in the criminal procedure, in which the people’s personality is very important to be investigated and known. The psychological methods started being used only in the 19th century. During the legal proceedings the authorities must deal with people. The behavior of the people is very different. The authorities must know the basic rules of the psychology to understand these different behaviors of accused people. The human memory has a lot of regularity. The knowledge of these regularities make easier the efforts of the authorities to get the truth. In the whole process of the investigation the most important fact to know is the personality of the person who committed the crime. When the suspected is being heard, different type of personalities can cause different final resumes. Therefore the importance of the psychological knowledge in the legal occupation is unquestionable.

• A szerződési szabadság értelmezése a modern polgári jogban

  Béky Ágnes Enikő

  Megtekintések száma:

  133

  A szerződések joga a polgári és kereskedelmi jog egyik legdinamikusabban fejlődő jogterülete napjainkban. A szerződéskötési technikák, a szerződések teljesítése, valamint a szerződéstípusok köre is új tartalommal telítődik. A jogterület fejlődésének és népszerűségének alapköve a római jogban gyökerező szerződési szabadság mai napig fenntartott tétele. A szerződési szabadság négy fő aspektusa (szerződéskötés szabadsága, partnerválasztás szabadsága, típusszabadság, tartalom szabadsága) biztosítja, hogy a szerződések jogának szabályai könnyen alkalmazkodnak a társadalmi, gazdasági változásokhoz. A szerződő felek jogviszonyukat személyre szabottan alakítják, az e köré keretet építő kontraktus szabályait nagyfokú szabadsággal formálhatják. A szerződések jogának alapelve a modern jogrendszerek alappillére, azonban értelmezése, megítélése államonként és időszakonként változik. Ez a változás sosem tekinthető visszalépésnek, vagy az alapelv lényegi jelentését átértékelő, lerontó változásnak. Az azonban kétségtelen, hogy a szerződési szabadság alapelvi szintű elismertsége egyes nemzetek jogrendszerében valódi operatív alapelvként jogvitát eldöntő, joggyakorlatot fejlesztő mozgatórugó, míg más nemzetek jogalkotásában és jogalkalmazásában az állandóság megtestesítője e gyorsan változó jogi környezetben.

  A tanulmány a szerződési szabadság aspektusainak jelentéstartalmát elemzi a kontinentális és az angol-amerikai jogrendszerek írott szabályainak és jogalkalmazási gyakorlatának függvényében. A jogtudomány értelmezései, konkrét jogesetek szentenciái, valamint az írott jogforrások indokolása adja a tanulmány kiindulópontját. A szerződési szabadság korlátlan érvényesülését „lerontó” szabályok (pl. szerződéskötési kötelezettség, formakényszer, stb.) az alapelv céljának és létének fényében kerülnek vizsgálat alá. Az angolszász rendszerekben az alapelv által generált jogfejlesztő értelmezés a kontinentális jogok lassan változó szemléletével ütközik.

  A tanulmány célja, hogy a szerződési szabadság alapelvének funkcióját megvilágítva bemutassa azt a lineáris jogfejlődést az európai jogi tudományosságban, mely a mai tartalommal ismert alapelvet alkalmassá teszi a szerződések jogában fejlődést generáló és iránymutató szerepkör betöltésére.

• Új könyv az Európai Bíróság környezetvédelmi ügyeinek tapasztalatairól

  5-8

  Fodor László

  Megtekintések száma:

  36

  Absztrakt nélkül.

• A jogorvoslathoz való jog érvényesülése a végrehajtási eljárásban

  49-76

  Németh Zoltán György

  Megtekintések száma:

  79

  Absztrakt nélkül

• A mediáció helye az új évezred büntetőpolitikájában

  1-12

  Béky Ágnes Enikő

  Megtekintések száma:

  64

  Absztrakt nélkül

• Egyenlő munkáért egyenlőtlen bér – avagy mennyire értékteremtő a közfoglalkoztatási bér?

  Sipos Marcell

  Megtekintések száma:

  118

  The aim of this paper is to scrutinise the wages in the Hungarian public work programme – probably the most controversial anomaly of the Act CVI of 2011 on public work and the modification of the act on public work and other acts. Furthermore, the study analyses the effectivity of the value creation in this programme and exposes the passive sight of the public work.The paper identifies the public work programme as a hybrid contract of the Hungarian labour law and detected the social side of this kind of legal instrument of the active labour market policies. The research also focuses on Order no. 3175/2016 of the Hungarian Constitutional Court and highlights the discriminative dangers of the wages. To emphasize my opinion I set the European Pillar of Social Rights in the middle of the research and concluded that the national regulation is not even enough to create effective reintegration to the primal labour market. In my opinion, to increase the effectivity of this program, we need to use the principles of the Social Pillar and the national labour law system. The conclusion of the paper can be a possible way to highlight the value creation in the public work programme.

• A szülői felügyeleti jog megszüntetésének hatályos jogi szabályozása a Polgári Törvénykönyvben

  12-18

  Csizmadiáné Pethő Tímea

  Megtekintések száma:

  171

  Being a judge practicing on the area of the law of crimes I rarely come across with the need to apply civil law. Nevertheless, a handful legal concepts may be applied also by criminal courts. One of these concepts is the termination of parental control. Before turning to relevant case analysis in my study, I focus on the principle of the "child's best interest" which is referred to under article 3 of the New York Convention on the rights of children and which has a general fundamental applicability in respect of all provisions of the Convention. This principle must apply not only in civil, but also in criminal proceedings and generally in all types of proceedings irrespective of the area of law such proceedings fall under. Special emphasis is attributed to the legal consequences of terminating parental control and to the distinction of cases where the termination of parental control by the court is mandatory and where such a decision is made in the discretion of the court. I pay separate attention to cases where the court has convicted the parent of a crime committed wilfully against the convicted person's own child and in which cases the convicted person is sentenced to prisonment and as a result of these the criminal court has competence to order the termination of parental control. I address also some issues relating to matters of proof and evidence in connection with crimes of domestic violence. Finally, I explain the nature of a child-focused jurisdiction through the presentation of the Hungarian system which ensures to respect and to give effect to the rights of children to the maximum extent possible. The ability of providing special treatment for children in court proceedings is of the utmost importance.

• A szerződési szabadság gazdaságszabályozó szerepe

  Török Éva

  Megtekintések száma:

  130

  The freedom of contract has an economic regulating rule, both on individual and on communal level; secures either the enforcement of the law of the self-determination of the parts, or the possibility of market participation.

  Gwartney and Lawson, elaborators of the conception of the economic freedom, said that the capstones of the economic freedom are the freedom for the decisions and for the acts of the persons, moreover the volunteering of the exchange, the freedom of the competition, the protection of the persons and their properties.

  Several indicators are available for measuring the economic freedom. One of them is the index of the Canadian Fraser Institute Economic Freedom of the World; furthermore it is one of the most respected indicators. This index investigates the rate of the economic freedom by using 42 factors grouped to five parts. These five components are the legal system and the protection of the ownership, size of the state, reliable, so stable valued money, the freedom of the foreign trade, the capital market and the regulation of the business. The last four items can be identified as the freedom of the contract.

• Marton Géza debreceni jogi oktatási reformtervei és a római jog helye a curriculumban

  P. Szabó Béla

  Megtekintések száma:

  39

  Absztrakt nélkül.