Search

Search Results

• Prevailing regulation of the termination of parental control under the Civil Code

  12-18

  Tímea Csizmadiáné Pethő

  Views:

  171

  Being a judge practicing on the area of the law of crimes I rarely come across with the need to apply civil law. Nevertheless, a handful legal concepts may be applied also by criminal courts. One of these concepts is the termination of parental control. Before turning to relevant case analysis in my study, I focus on the principle of the "child's best interest" which is referred to under article 3 of the New York Convention on the rights of children and which has a general fundamental applicability in respect of all provisions of the Convention. This principle must apply not only in civil, but also in criminal proceedings and generally in all types of proceedings irrespective of the area of law such proceedings fall under. Special emphasis is attributed to the legal consequences of terminating parental control and to the distinction of cases where the termination of parental control by the court is mandatory and where such a decision is made in the discretion of the court. I pay separate attention to cases where the court has convicted the parent of a crime committed wilfully against the convicted person's own child and in which cases the convicted person is sentenced to prisonment and as a result of these the criminal court has competence to order the termination of parental control. I address also some issues relating to matters of proof and evidence in connection with crimes of domestic violence. Finally, I explain the nature of a child-focused jurisdiction through the presentation of the Hungarian system which ensures to respect and to give effect to the rights of children to the maximum extent possible. The ability of providing special treatment for children in court proceedings is of the utmost importance.

• Freedom of contract’s role in the economic regulatory

  Éva Török

  Views:

  130

  The freedom of contract has an economic regulating rule, both on individual and on communal level; secures either the enforcement of the law of the self-determination of the parts, or the possibility of market participation.

  Gwartney and Lawson, elaborators of the conception of the economic freedom, said that the capstones of the economic freedom are the freedom for the decisions and for the acts of the persons, moreover the volunteering of the exchange, the freedom of the competition, the protection of the persons and their properties.

  Several indicators are available for measuring the economic freedom. One of them is the index of the Canadian Fraser Institute Economic Freedom of the World; furthermore it is one of the most respected indicators. This index investigates the rate of the economic freedom by using 42 factors grouped to five parts. These five components are the legal system and the protection of the ownership, size of the state, reliable, so stable valued money, the freedom of the foreign trade, the capital market and the regulation of the business. The last four items can be identified as the freedom of the contract.

• Marton Géza debreceni jogi oktatási reformtervei és a római jog helye a curriculumban

  Béla P. Szabó

  Views:

  39

  Without abstract.

• A személyiségvédelem aktuális kérdései

  Ágnes Enikő Béky

  Views:

  86

  Without abstract.

• Az eingetragene Erwerbsgesellschaft (EEG) társasági forma megszűnése Ausztriában

  Veronika Szikora

  Views:

  45

  Nach mehr als zweijähriger Gesetzeswerdung wurde im Herbst 2005 das neue Unternehmensgesetzbuch (UGB) im Parlament beschlossen und damit das bisherige Handelsgesetzbuch reformiert.

  Es gibt nur mehr zwei im Firmenbuch eingetragene Personengesellschaftsformen, und zwar die Offene Gesellschaft (OG; früher OHG) und die Kommanditgesellschaft (KG). Eine OEG oder KEG kann nur mehr bis zum 31.12.2006 gegründet werden. Eine am 1.1.2007 bestehende OEG oder KEG wird automatisch zur OG, KG und muss bis zum 31.12.2009 ihren Rechtsformzusatz im Firmenwortlaut entsprechend abändern. Für eine bestehende OHG sieht das Gesetz keine Anpassung des Firmenwortlautes vor.

  Die Einführung des neuen Unternehmergesetzbuches (UGB) mit Wirkung zum 1.1.2007 bedeutet das „Aus“ für OEG´s und KEG´s. Dies bedeutet, dass bestehende OEG´s und KEG´s bis zum Jänner 2010 den Rechtsformzusatz „OG oder KG“ entsprechend anpassen müssen. Dies geschieht gebührenfrei. Der Zusatz „OHG“ darf weiterhin geführt werden.

  Neu ist, dass die im Unternehmensgesetzbuch geregelten eingetragenen Personengesellschaften zu jedem Zweck gegründet werden können, egal ob gewerblich, freiberuflich, land- und forstwirtschaftlich oder nicht unternehmerisch.

• Felelősség-áttörés a bírói gyakorlatban

  1-8

  Tibor Kiss

  Views:

  194

  Without abstract.

• Az államigazgatás középszintjének főbb strukturális változásai 2011 óta

  93-101

  Judit Szakos

  Views:

  41

  Without abstract

• Das Thema der Arbeit ist die Entstehung und die Entwicklung des Verbrauchervertragsrechts in der EU und in Ungarn

  138-157

  Nelli Varga

  Views:

  116

  In dem ersten Teil der Arbeit wird die historischen Grundlagen des Verbraucherschutzes
  präsentiert: der Prinzip des Schutzes der schwächeren Partei. In dem zweiten Teil wird die
  Arbeit die Herausbildung und die Entwicklung des Verbrauchervertragsrechts in der EU
  geprüft und das Problem der Implementation der verbraucherlichen Richtlinien eröffnet. Das
  Werk enthält die wesentlichen allgemeinen Merkmalen der Verbrauchersverträge: unfair
  Klauseln in den Verbrauchersvertägen, Aufklärungspflicht vor dem Vertragsabschluss, das
  Widerrufsrecht, obligatorischen Inhaltselementen der Verbrauchersverträge, usw. Die Arbeit
  vermeidet auf die gegenständige Tendenz von dem Verbrauchervertragsrecht. Der letzte Teil
  der Arbeit vorzeigt das Zustandekommen und die Entwicklung des Verbrauchervertragsrechts
  in Ungarn, betont die Position der Verbraucherverträge in den Kodifikationen des neuen
  ungarischen BGBs. Das Werk fasst die verschiedenen verbraucherrechtlichen Normen des
  neuen ungarischen BGBs, um die Existieren des Verbrauchervertragsrechts in Ungarn zu
  beweisen. Es muss deswegen bemerkt werden, neben die Normen des gültigen und des neuen
  BGBs viele andere Gesetze auf dem Gebiet des Verbrauchervertragsrechts zu geben. Auch
  der ungarische Gesetzgeber muss entscheiden, ob die verschiedenen verbraucherrechtlichen
  Richtlinien im getränten Gesetz oder in dem BGB implementiert werden sollte. Der
  Gesetzgeber hat die erste Lösung gewählt.
  Die gültigen Normen des Verbrauchervertragsrechts befinden sich in keinem einheitlichen
  Gesetz, und das neue ungarische BGB enthält nur die konstanten Kerne der
  verbraucherrechtlichen Richtlinien. Es wird gehofft, dass das Verbrauchervertragsrecht in der
  Zukunft in einem einheitlichen Verbrauchergesetz geregelt wird, wie darauf die Gründung des
  neuen ungarischen BGBs hinweist.

• The online infringements of personality rights in the judicial practice

  121-131

  Henrietta Pádár

  Views:

  127

  This essay examines the judicial practice of infringements of personality rights in the online media. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of the protection of legal regulation.

  The new media law that came into force in 2011 does not include specific measure for online media products, so it is up to the judicial practice to find a solution to tackle the problems brought forth by the differences of online and print press.

  Being a legal area where the legal development activity of the judicial practice plays a significant role due to the broad framework of regulation, the joint interpretation of legislation and the practice is necessary to evaluate. Thus the evaluation of the effectiveness of the protection of personality rights is only possible with the joint examination of legal environment and judicial practice.

  The starting point is the observation of the characteristics of online media and the comparison with print media through elements that can be relevant in a lawsuit.

  The investigation of the judicial practice focuses on the infringement of personality law and the process of press correction, considering that these are the most frequently occurring legal actions in lawsuits.

• Thoughts about accessory private prosecution

  Sándor Kardos

  Views:

  68

  In Hungary the new code of criminal procedure established a new legal institution to the Hungarian legal system: accessory private prosecution. This kind of private prosecution gives opportunity to the afflicted person to continue penal procedure in case of negative sentences from investigation authorities. If the prosecutor or the investigation authority stops proceeding or the prosecutor sets aside, withdraws formal accusation, afflicted person can substitute them during a penal procedure and has a right to claim the continuation of it. Our valid code does not limit the field of crimes this legal institution of accessory private prosecution can be applied. But there are some strict reasons, which limit this right of the afflicted person. If the investigation authorities neglected formal accusation because of childhood, death, prescription, clemency, prohibition of ne bis in idem, accessory private prosecution cannot be applied.

  Pros of accessory private prosecution can be found in the rights of afflicted persons. Criminal power of the state cannot be absolute, so we have to give the right for the injured to judge whether he insists on taking the responsibility of the perpetrator despite the opposite opinion of public bodies. This legal institution can help omissions of prosecutors to be remedied. Practicing this right depends on the stadium of the procedure. During the investigation period or the period of formal accusation reasons for accessory private prosecution are different.

  According to the new rules of the code, applying an advocate in the procedure is an obligation for the afflicted person. This regulation ensures that the structure of penal proceedings cannot be changed basically. In a normal procedure there is always a professional expert, the prosecutor on the side of accusation. That is why the code does not permit accusation without applying an advocate.

  Costs are interesting question in case of accessory private prosecution. In popular action procedures costs are paid by the state. When the afflicted person practices the right of accessory private prosecution, state pays in advance, but if perpetrator is acquitted or the court stops proceeding, costs should be paid by the private prosecutor himself. There are some rules to ease this burden for the afflicted person: if he has bad financial capacity and he can certify this circumstance, court can authorize him not to pay for the fee of the advocate.

  There is a special question in connection with accessory private prosecution: representation of the state. In these procedures the afflicted person is the state or one of the state bodies itself. There are two points of view to answer the question: who is authorized to represent the state as an accessory private prosecutor during a penal procedure. First we have to make difference between the injuries: if the injury is against the state while practising public authority, the injured party is the state itself. But if the injury hit the state as a civil legal entity, a possessor, the right to claim is in the hand of that public body, which was entrusted to handle the injured property. This theory means that in case of injuries against the public author state, only the prosecutor can represent it, so there is no chance for accessory private prosecution.

  The other solution for this problem has its starting point that in every crime against public property, accessory private prosecution can be applied. In this case the state can be represented by that part of it, which has interest. Although there are no jurisdiction in this question, because accessory private prosecution was established by the new code from 1st July 2003 after fifty years into the Hungarian legal practice. According to the regulations of the code, we can find the following sentence: afflicted person is whose right or legal interest was hurt or endangered by the crime. Analyzing this definition the argument can be read previously is decent for those situations, when we would like to find the legal representative of the state as an accessory private prosecutor.

  Accessory private prosecution is a good solution that fits to the new directions of law development, to increase rights of the afflicted person. Naturally, time needs to become a well-adopted legal institution in Hungarian legal system after half a century silence.

• The change of legal rules concerning employment policy instruments

  Henriett Rab

  Views:

  40

  The aim of the present essay is to give an overview of the means of the employment policy through the analysis and construction of the relevant statutory intruments and legal rules.

  During the treatment of the means of the employment policy this essay tooks the classification accepted by the scientific literature as a basis therefore it deals with these instruments divided into two big groups.

  Among the active types of the means of the employment policy the direct and also the indirect kinds of benefits of the jobless and unemployed are treated here.

  Among the passive types of means those instruments are presented which are to succeed the unemployment benefit and the unemployment allowance such as jobsearch benefit and jobsearch allowance.

  The definition of ‘employment policy’ is widely construed that is why this definition comprises the classical instruments of Labour Law and in a separate subsection the subsidy of the atypical legal relations of employment are also presented.

• Die innere Differenzierung der Bagatelhandlungen als Charakteristikum

  Zsuzsanna Árva

  Views:

  40

  Without abstract.

• Lehetséges kutatási módszerek a közbeszerzésben - résztvevő megfigyelés és interjú -

  Zsuzsa Balla

  Views:

  43

  Without abstract.

• Recenzió Gatter László Az igazságszolgáltatás reformja 1987-1997. Rendszerváltozás a bíróságok igazgatásában című könyvéről

  79-80

  Nóra Madai

  Views:

  73

  Without abstract.

• Választott- és döntőbizottságok múltja és jelene nemzetközi tapasztalatokkal

  43-52

  Dóra Nagyné Dorka

  Views:

  46

  Without abstract

• A foglalkozás körében elkövetett veszélyeztetés bűncselekményének hatályos szabályozása, különös tekintettel az orvosi műhibákra

  59-65

  Emese Boglárka Tóth

  Bálint Rózsavölgyi

  Views:

  74

  Without abstract

• Patient’s right to self-determination and its interpretation in case law

  145-172

  Judit Zákány

  Views:

  93

  The aim of the study is to examine the patient's right to self-determination and the present issues of legal interpretation. The right to self-determination – along with the right to information – is one of the most important patient’s right. It ensures that the patient can be a well-informed person, who is not just a vulnerable subject suffering from lack of information. If this right prevails properly, the patient is able to make decisions based on his own interests and values during his medical treatment.

  The focus is on the narrower interpretation of the right to self-determination, namely the consent to interventions, as well as its limits and the exercise of the right by deputy decision-makers. In addition to the legal content and interpretation of the right, we consider it important to cite examples of recent case law from the last few years and to present the most significant findings. The examination of the right of self-determination is current and necessary, since the legal disputed related to this are still present nowadays, and the case law is constantly evolving in this area.

• The civil liability of the medical doctor

  28-42

  György Juhász

  Views:

  237

  The article wish to briefly cover the civil liability of the medic. The actuality of this topic is exemplified well by the fact that court trials for compensation of damages against healthcare providers show an increasing tendency year by year. It is deem important to briefly delineate the drawing of line between the civil and criminal liability during the presentation of the civil liability. After speaking about issues of drawing of line, the study is going to cover the effective liability for damages of the medic. While explaining the liability for damages of the medic, it will cover the concept of legal nature of invasive procedures, matters concerning the liability of healthcare institutions, and the basic topics of tort and contractual liability. The article is going to introduce the issues concerning illegality, the patient’s right to self-determination, his or her right to information, the obligation of medics to disclose information, in addition to matters related to the concept of the legal nature of informed consent along with the connected judicial practice in the chapter about the informed consent of the patient. As for closure, during the analysis of issues regarding evidence, it wish to cover the rules of culpability, the choice for healing methods of medics, and medical documentation, respectively.

• The Rules concerning Compensation for Expropriation in Hungary

  Imre Andorkó

  Views:

  170

  The regulation of expropriation law is indicative of the sound of rule of law. It shows how the state treats vulnerable groups, and people adversely affected by expropriation. In this paper I will give a short overview of the rules concerning compensation for expropriation, from the inception of expropriation law, right up to 2014. I pay particular attention to the characteristics of the regulation in the socialist era between 1948, and the regime change in 1989/1990. I expand on how Hungary tried to free itself of the burdensome heritage of the socialist regulation of that law, after the regime change of 1989/1990. Then I review the current status of legal regulation concerning compensation for expropriation that gives me a great opportunity to and explain suggestions de lege ferenda.

• Problems of globalization examining the development of local governments

  Tamás Horváth M.

  Views:

  42

  In Hungary almost every reform has its reference to the integration in the west, especially European Union. The explanation for failures is the difficulties of adjustment. The dilemma is what kind of reasons result this problem: is it a national feature or the original distress of Hungary. We can say that the root of it is the problem of following patterns. The origin of these patterns are from the western world but these patterns needed years or sometimes ages to reach the present situation. It was an organic development.

  In our modern world we can find plenty of legislative elements of globalization, unifying and harmonizing rules and institutions. Most of the international economic organizations make every effort to harmonize economic institutions, but the example of European Union shows that borders are not as simple as it seems. This harmonization and unification has to surpass it to a wider perspective (e.g. administration, public education, telecommunication or private law institutions, etc.).

  In the study I examine the development of self-governing and local governments. In Hungary over the last years – since the birth of self-governing – many changes could be found. Reforms followed reforms. According to a survey the most important fields of reforms are the following:

  • decentralization
  • privatization
  • decreasing the role of public sector
  • reform of the law for public servants
  • information technology
  • financial and budgetary management.

  Reforms of local governments are part of the globalization especially in those countries where change of the regime has happened. To reach the desired western pattern some lemmas are necessary:

  • constitutional state
  • territorialism of state
  • guaranteed financial sources
  • stability from the perspective of economy and policy.

  These foundational criterions are spread by international organizations like NAFTA, GATT, WTO, IMF, WB, OECD or EU itself. Plenty of recommendations exist on this field for administration and local governments. The Council of Europe has a basic document, the Charta of European Local Governments.

  If we examine the problem closer we can see that in spite of every recommendation or regulation, local governments are in trouble for example in Hungary. There are exact rules or principles to ensure the liberty or free space for them, but financial problems always exist.

  In the essay I analyzes the way of following patterns in typical countries and try to show how hard is to introduce a pattern from a moment to another that has prestigious past.

• A magyar versenyjogi fogyasztóvédelem „fogyasztó” szemlélete a Versenytanács joggyakorlatában

  Imre Andorkó

  Views:

  35

  Without abstract.

• Thoughts about the new directions of European contract law

  Ágnes Enikő Béky

  Views:

  49

  On the field of contract law the European Union started a wide legislative effect at the end of the 20th Century. Despite of the originally economic and public legal goals of the Communities recently the competence of the EC institutions conquest a major field in the area of private law. To ensure the fast and non-problematic acceptance of these directives concerning to contract law EC chose two important solutions. Most of the directives focus on the neglected area of the so-called atypical contracts (hawk contracts, e-commerce contracts, leasing contracts, factoring contracts, etc.). As these contractual forms were born in the hands of business actors, most of the European civil codes do not deal with them in an explicit way. As a gap of law this area is the best approach to create unified legal institutions in all Member States’ legislation. The other relevant factor is the law of consumer protection. This is not only a fashionable topic in Europe but a rather underdeveloped issue in – especially – the new Member States. Almost all legal institutions in the EC directives in connection with contract law contain a strong link to protecting customers. As and indirect effect, these new institutions (such as consumer’s right to withdrawal) found their ways in the national codes to be flagships applicable for all consumer contracts. This essay contains thoughts about these relevant changes in approaching contract law from the rather unique EC perspective.

• Irak nemzetközi jogi megítélése a filmeken keresztül

  65-71

  Nikolett Lukács

  Views:

  65

  Without abstract.

• A bűncselekmények áldozatainak járó jóvátétel elméleti kérdései

  1-14

  Tamás Fézer

  Views:

  90

  Without abstract

• Helytállás és felelősség a fizetésképtelen gazdasági társaságok tartozásaiért a magyar társasági jogban

  70-94

  Izabel Ágnes Tarkó

  Views:

  110

  Without abstract