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  • Az eingetragene Erwerbsgesellschaft (EEG) társasági forma megszűnése Ausztriában
    Views:
    45

    Nach mehr als zweijähriger Gesetzeswerdung wurde im Herbst 2005 das neue Unternehmensgesetzbuch (UGB) im Parlament beschlossen und damit das bisherige Handelsgesetzbuch reformiert.

    Es gibt nur mehr zwei im Firmenbuch eingetragene Personengesellschaftsformen, und zwar die Offene Gesellschaft (OG; früher OHG) und die Kommanditgesellschaft (KG). Eine OEG oder KEG kann nur mehr bis zum 31.12.2006 gegründet werden. Eine am 1.1.2007 bestehende OEG oder KEG wird automatisch zur OG, KG und muss bis zum 31.12.2009 ihren Rechtsformzusatz im Firmenwortlaut entsprechend abändern. Für eine bestehende OHG sieht das Gesetz keine Anpassung des Firmenwortlautes vor.

    Die Einführung des neuen Unternehmergesetzbuches (UGB) mit Wirkung zum 1.1.2007 bedeutet das „Aus“ für OEG´s und KEG´s. Dies bedeutet, dass bestehende OEG´s und KEG´s bis zum Jänner 2010 den Rechtsformzusatz „OG oder KG“ entsprechend anpassen müssen. Dies geschieht gebührenfrei. Der Zusatz „OHG“ darf weiterhin geführt werden.

    Neu ist, dass die im Unternehmensgesetzbuch geregelten eingetragenen Personengesellschaften zu jedem Zweck gegründet werden können, egal ob gewerblich, freiberuflich, land- und forstwirtschaftlich oder nicht unternehmerisch.

  • Felelősség-áttörés a bírói gyakorlatban
    1-8
    Views:
    194

    Absztrakt nélkül.

  • Gondolatok a fogyasztói szerződési jog kialakulásáról és fejlődéséről
    138-157
    Views:
    116

    In dem ersten Teil der Arbeit wird die historischen Grundlagen des Verbraucherschutzes
    präsentiert: der Prinzip des Schutzes der schwächeren Partei. In dem zweiten Teil wird die
    Arbeit die Herausbildung und die Entwicklung des Verbrauchervertragsrechts in der EU
    geprüft und das Problem der Implementation der verbraucherlichen Richtlinien eröffnet. Das
    Werk enthält die wesentlichen allgemeinen Merkmalen der Verbrauchersverträge: unfair
    Klauseln in den Verbrauchersvertägen, Aufklärungspflicht vor dem Vertragsabschluss, das
    Widerrufsrecht, obligatorischen Inhaltselementen der Verbrauchersverträge, usw. Die Arbeit
    vermeidet auf die gegenständige Tendenz von dem Verbrauchervertragsrecht. Der letzte Teil
    der Arbeit vorzeigt das Zustandekommen und die Entwicklung des Verbrauchervertragsrechts
    in Ungarn, betont die Position der Verbraucherverträge in den Kodifikationen des neuen
    ungarischen BGBs. Das Werk fasst die verschiedenen verbraucherrechtlichen Normen des
    neuen ungarischen BGBs, um die Existieren des Verbrauchervertragsrechts in Ungarn zu
    beweisen. Es muss deswegen bemerkt werden, neben die Normen des gültigen und des neuen
    BGBs viele andere Gesetze auf dem Gebiet des Verbrauchervertragsrechts zu geben. Auch
    der ungarische Gesetzgeber muss entscheiden, ob die verschiedenen verbraucherrechtlichen
    Richtlinien im getränten Gesetz oder in dem BGB implementiert werden sollte. Der
    Gesetzgeber hat die erste Lösung gewählt.
    Die gültigen Normen des Verbrauchervertragsrechts befinden sich in keinem einheitlichen
    Gesetz, und das neue ungarische BGB enthält nur die konstanten Kerne der
    verbraucherrechtlichen Richtlinien. Es wird gehofft, dass das Verbrauchervertragsrecht in der
    Zukunft in einem einheitlichen Verbrauchergesetz geregelt wird, wie darauf die Gründung des
    neuen ungarischen BGBs hinweist.

  • Az online személyiségi jogsértések a bírói gyakorlatban
    121-131
    Views:
    127

    This essay examines the judicial practice of infringements of personality rights in the online media. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of the protection of legal regulation.

    The new media law that came into force in 2011 does not include specific measure for online media products, so it is up to the judicial practice to find a solution to tackle the problems brought forth by the differences of online and print press.

    Being a legal area where the legal development activity of the judicial practice plays a significant role due to the broad framework of regulation, the joint interpretation of legislation and the practice is necessary to evaluate. Thus the evaluation of the effectiveness of the protection of personality rights is only possible with the joint examination of legal environment and judicial practice.

    The starting point is the observation of the characteristics of online media and the comparison with print media through elements that can be relevant in a lawsuit.

    The investigation of the judicial practice focuses on the infringement of personality law and the process of press correction, considering that these are the most frequently occurring legal actions in lawsuits.

  • Gondolatok a pótmagánvádról
    Views:
    68

    In Hungary the new code of criminal procedure established a new legal institution to the Hungarian legal system: accessory private prosecution. This kind of private prosecution gives opportunity to the afflicted person to continue penal procedure in case of negative sentences from investigation authorities. If the prosecutor or the investigation authority stops proceeding or the prosecutor sets aside, withdraws formal accusation, afflicted person can substitute them during a penal procedure and has a right to claim the continuation of it. Our valid code does not limit the field of crimes this legal institution of accessory private prosecution can be applied. But there are some strict reasons, which limit this right of the afflicted person. If the investigation authorities neglected formal accusation because of childhood, death, prescription, clemency, prohibition of ne bis in idem, accessory private prosecution cannot be applied.

    Pros of accessory private prosecution can be found in the rights of afflicted persons. Criminal power of the state cannot be absolute, so we have to give the right for the injured to judge whether he insists on taking the responsibility of the perpetrator despite the opposite opinion of public bodies. This legal institution can help omissions of prosecutors to be remedied. Practicing this right depends on the stadium of the procedure. During the investigation period or the period of formal accusation reasons for accessory private prosecution are different.

    According to the new rules of the code, applying an advocate in the procedure is an obligation for the afflicted person. This regulation ensures that the structure of penal proceedings cannot be changed basically. In a normal procedure there is always a professional expert, the prosecutor on the side of accusation. That is why the code does not permit accusation without applying an advocate.

    Costs are interesting question in case of accessory private prosecution. In popular action procedures costs are paid by the state. When the afflicted person practices the right of accessory private prosecution, state pays in advance, but if perpetrator is acquitted or the court stops proceeding, costs should be paid by the private prosecutor himself. There are some rules to ease this burden for the afflicted person: if he has bad financial capacity and he can certify this circumstance, court can authorize him not to pay for the fee of the advocate.

    There is a special question in connection with accessory private prosecution: representation of the state. In these procedures the afflicted person is the state or one of the state bodies itself. There are two points of view to answer the question: who is authorized to represent the state as an accessory private prosecutor during a penal procedure. First we have to make difference between the injuries: if the injury is against the state while practising public authority, the injured party is the state itself. But if the injury hit the state as a civil legal entity, a possessor, the right to claim is in the hand of that public body, which was entrusted to handle the injured property. This theory means that in case of injuries against the public author state, only the prosecutor can represent it, so there is no chance for accessory private prosecution.

    The other solution for this problem has its starting point that in every crime against public property, accessory private prosecution can be applied. In this case the state can be represented by that part of it, which has interest. Although there are no jurisdiction in this question, because accessory private prosecution was established by the new code from 1st July 2003 after fifty years into the Hungarian legal practice. According to the regulations of the code, we can find the following sentence: afflicted person is whose right or legal interest was hurt or endangered by the crime. Analyzing this definition the argument can be read previously is decent for those situations, when we would like to find the legal representative of the state as an accessory private prosecutor.

    Accessory private prosecution is a good solution that fits to the new directions of law development, to increase rights of the afflicted person. Naturally, time needs to become a well-adopted legal institution in Hungarian legal system after half a century silence.

  • A foglalkoztatáspolitikai eszközök szabályozásának változása napjainkban
    Views:
    40

    The aim of the present essay is to give an overview of the means of the employment policy through the analysis and construction of the relevant statutory intruments and legal rules.

    During the treatment of the means of the employment policy this essay tooks the classification accepted by the scientific literature as a basis therefore it deals with these instruments divided into two big groups.

    Among the active types of the means of the employment policy the direct and also the indirect kinds of benefits of the jobless and unemployed are treated here.

    Among the passive types of means those instruments are presented which are to succeed the unemployment benefit and the unemployment allowance such as jobsearch benefit and jobsearch allowance.

    The definition of ‘employment policy’ is widely construed that is why this definition comprises the classical instruments of Labour Law and in a separate subsection the subsidy of the atypical legal relations of employment are also presented.