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„a hol a borból pénzelnek az emberek” A hegyközszentimrei református eklézsia és a bor kapcsolata a 19. század első felében
5-22Views:1Our study explores the multifaceted relationship between the material life of the local viticulture/wine growing in the historical wine region of Érmellék (and Berettyó) and the Reformed parish of Hegyközszentimre. In particular, an examination of the surviving data sets of guardian accounts shed light on the primary, and even almost exclusive, role of wine in church taxation as well as in the salaries of contemporary pastors, school rectors, and girls’ teachers, not least the ecclesia’s own farming. -
Fellélegzés és illúziók – Nagy Imre első miniszterelnökségének visszhangja Hajdú-Biharban az MDP iratainak tükrében
5-20Views:1Both the power struggles after Stalin’s death, and the new course of Soviet leadership in the Cold War lead to a turn in the Hungarian government, as well. The Stalinist Rákosi was succeeded by Prime Minister Imre Nagy, and his reign started off with a huge wave of reform declarations. The whole country was relieved as a result of the measures that somewhat mitigated the repression of the system and slightly raised living standards. The reforms met also in Hajdú-Bihar an almost unanimous sympathy: from the cooperative owners through the individual peasants, from the working class through the intelligentsia, every social layer in the county found the parts they liked in the government program. However, several people wanted to see more in the reforms than what they indeed meant, at some places, people saw even the complete retirement of the system behind these measures. The party apparat took the measures facilitating everyday life (the “new period”) uncomprehendingly nation-wide, thus even in Hajdú-Bihar, and therefore they moved sluggishly to realize those measures, finding them too much. When the evolution of foreign policy of the Cold War created unfavourable conditions, the Soviet government also drew back from Imre Nagy. Therefore, the reform era – that was happily welcomed and that compelled further hopes, and at some places, illusions – ended. -
Területi különbségek a trianoni Magyarország területén a 20. század első felében. Módszertani modell
54-69Views:1The topic of the present methodological dissertation is the examination of Hungarian territorial differences in the context of modernization and development. In the background of my choice of topic lies the scientific importance of the issue, the growing domestic quantitative research and the illumination of the Trianon trauma from a new perspective (Demeter 2018, Szilágyi 2018). I also consider this to be a novel approach, because it is a fact that June 4, 1920 significantly affected our country in all areas, but approaches have come to light (Tomka 2018) that already paint a more nuanced picture of Trianon and the subsequent economic downturn. So I consider it justified to carry out an empirical research on a quantitative basis with the involvement of the settlement network. Thus, we can approach the relationship between development and Trianon from new perspectives. Writing of which, the 100th anniversary itself is another motivation. -
A XX. század első országgyűlési választása Nagyváradon
21-49Views:1The structure of the study is characterized by duality: it presents the whole election of 1901, and it also analyses the social distribution of the population participating in the parliamentary elections in Oradea. The appearance of the working class is one of the peculiarities of the parliamentary elections in Oradea. With the single vote they got, they did not really have a say in the competition, but they forecast their future presence in the political life of Hungary. Another characteristic feature is the outcome of the election of representatives: based onthe cast votes, the independentist Béla Barabás won against Kálmán Tisza. Based on a comparison of the list of electors and the number of votes, it became possible to examine the political behaviour and social distribution of those having the right to vote. According to the data, Tisza was supported by industrialists, a narrow spectrum of leaders in the administrative apparatus, and some part of the middle class, and he was less supported by the lower middle class. Barabás got support from the part of the middle class that was devoted to the conception of independence, and the majority of the lower middle class and peasantry. -
A hegyvidéki akció első évei Egán Ede irányítása alatt
105-132Views:0The Mountainous Action was the aim of the farming modernization of the Carpathian areas around the turn of the 19th-20th century. The base model was the Swiss type offarming. The idea – and thereby partly the implementation as well – was initiated by Ede Egán, who lead the Mountainous Ministerial Branch Office (established in Bereg county) between 1897 and 1901 that controlled the operation of the settlements of the four northeastern counties: Bereg, Máramaros, Ugocsa, and Ung. The lagging upland farming methods did not accommodate to the facilities, instead, they primarily meant a copying of the lowland farming methods. Besides this, another aim ofthe action controlled by the Ministry of Agriculture was to end landlessness and poverty, and to make a clear sweep of the low level educational standards and literacy. The leasing of land was managed by the entailed lordship of the Schönborn family, with governmental intervention.The Exchequer leased more than 12 000 cad. acre of land in 1897 from the lordship, which was underleased in turn to the local smallholders. This significantly alleviated the land needs of the farmers, and the majority of the leased land was gradually purchased by smallholders. Another part of the land was looked after by the Mountainous Ministerial Branch Office, which was leased primarily for grazing purposes. This version of the lease was calledlabelling. During the late 19th, early 20th century, the upland action in the North-eastern Carpathians meant, on the one hand, a national aid program affecting several areas of life in the struggle against poverty; and on the other hand, recognizing the values of uplandfarming, it provided an improvement opportunity for the inhabitants. -
Sándor Eckhardt’s Historical Journey: From the Minerva Journal to György Bessenyei
48-57Views:7The present study examines the phase of Sándor Eckhardt’s career as a historian associated with
the journal Minerva during the first half of the 1920s. Throughout this period, Eckhardt primarily
worked as a member of the Minerva Society and as a contributor to the journal. The aim of this
paper is to interpret the theoretical writings published there within the narrower context of the
journal as well as within the broader framework of European historiography. Special attention is
given to studies on the Enlightenment and the ideas of the French Revolution, as well as to texts
related to György Bessenyei that, although not published in Minerva, fit organically into the contemporary
discourse on the Enlightenment. -
Discourses around the Great Hungarian Plain in Early 19th-Century Travelogues
1-25Views:11Through examining Hungarian travel literature from the first half of the 19th century, the present
paper aims to explore the representations of the Great Hungarian Plain and the discursive transformations
surrounding it. Its premise is that travelogues are not merely descriptive sources, but
texts produced at the intersection of contemporary spatial perception, aesthetic norms, and the
formation of national identity, that transform the landscape into a culturally mediated experience.
The paper's central thesis is that the image of the Great Hungarian Plain underwent a significant
discursive transformation from the beginning of the century to the end of the Reform Era: the
plain, initially characterized by negative aesthetic terms (emptiness, monotony, formlessness),
gradually became one of the privileged spatial embodiments of national identity.
The study concludes that travelogues from the early 19th century depict the Great Plain not simply
as a geographical space, but as a complex mental and cultural construct. These texts contribute to
the formation of a national conception of space in which the Great Plain appears both as a periphery
and as a centre, a paradoxical territory of freedom and exposure, familiarity and alienation. -
Visszapillantás a Római Katolikus Egyházmegyei Levéltár és Könyvtár első húsz évére
39-53Views:1In 1993, Pope John Paul II in his decree starting with Hungarorum gens regularized the borders of the Hungarian Roman Catholic dioceses, and established the Debrecen-Nyíregyháza Episcopate including Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg and Hajdú-Bihar counties as a new diocese (besides that of Kaposvar). The memorandum of association of the Diocesan Archives was signed by Nándor Bosák diocesan on 30th December 1995. The collection including the archives and library was formed to save the book and document materials of the priestless parishes of the diocese (and the filias belonging to them). The registration as public private archives took place in 1997. Since the autumn of 2001, it operates with regular opening hours. The section-level settlement of the documents of the 38 handled parishes was completed in 2013, its fondlist was finished by the spring of 2014. In 2015, the institution moved to a separate building at 17 Varga str. Researchers are also offered an expanding themed, singificantly increasing amount of manual library to choose from. Its first publication: Katolikusok Debrecenben (Catholics in Debrecen) 1715-2015 was released in 2015.
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