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Fellélegzés és illúziók – Nagy Imre első miniszterelnökségének visszhangja Hajdú-Biharban az MDP iratainak tükrében
5-20Views:1Both the power struggles after Stalin’s death, and the new course of Soviet leadership in the Cold War lead to a turn in the Hungarian government, as well. The Stalinist Rákosi was succeeded by Prime Minister Imre Nagy, and his reign started off with a huge wave of reform declarations. The whole country was relieved as a result of the measures that somewhat mitigated the repression of the system and slightly raised living standards. The reforms met also in Hajdú-Bihar an almost unanimous sympathy: from the cooperative owners through the individual peasants, from the working class through the intelligentsia, every social layer in the county found the parts they liked in the government program. However, several people wanted to see more in the reforms than what they indeed meant, at some places, people saw even the complete retirement of the system behind these measures. The party apparat took the measures facilitating everyday life (the “new period”) uncomprehendingly nation-wide, thus even in Hajdú-Bihar, and therefore they moved sluggishly to realize those measures, finding them too much. When the evolution of foreign policy of the Cold War created unfavourable conditions, the Soviet government also drew back from Imre Nagy. Therefore, the reform era – that was happily welcomed and that compelled further hopes, and at some places, illusions – ended. -
Háromszéki Szotyori Nagy család debreceni ága
24-48Views:2Only a few people know the activities of the Szotyori Nagy family, most people only remember that there used to be a Szotyori settlement in Debrecen (today it is part of the Hatvan Street garden). The oldest member of the family from Transylvania, who arrived to Debrecen, was the first cantor organist of the Great Church of Debrecen, and the first organ of the Great Church was inaugurated with his help. His elder son took over his father’s job as a cantor organist of the Great Church. Besides that, he also taught at the Reformed College in Debrecen and composed music. He also learned organ building during his study trips abroad, so he was asked to be an expert in building several church organs in the country. The city’s first music conservatory was also named after him. The members of the family even included a renowned doctor of the city of Debrecen, an inventor, a notary public, a composer, a Catholic priest, an organist and a music teacher. Several family members wrote and edited music publications. The graves of several deceased family members can still be found in the Public Cemetery, and the descendants of one branch of the family still live in Debrecen. -
Discourses around the Great Hungarian Plain in Early 19th-Century Travelogues
1-25Views:11Through examining Hungarian travel literature from the first half of the 19th century, the present
paper aims to explore the representations of the Great Hungarian Plain and the discursive transformations
surrounding it. Its premise is that travelogues are not merely descriptive sources, but
texts produced at the intersection of contemporary spatial perception, aesthetic norms, and the
formation of national identity, that transform the landscape into a culturally mediated experience.
The paper's central thesis is that the image of the Great Hungarian Plain underwent a significant
discursive transformation from the beginning of the century to the end of the Reform Era: the
plain, initially characterized by negative aesthetic terms (emptiness, monotony, formlessness),
gradually became one of the privileged spatial embodiments of national identity.
The study concludes that travelogues from the early 19th century depict the Great Plain not simply
as a geographical space, but as a complex mental and cultural construct. These texts contribute to
the formation of a national conception of space in which the Great Plain appears both as a periphery
and as a centre, a paradoxical territory of freedom and exposure, familiarity and alienation. -
Tudomány és reintegráció. A magyar tudományos elit válaszai a hadviselt katonák visszailleszkedési kihívásaira a Nagy Háború korában
51-67Views:3The study at hand examines the role of the Hungarian scientific elite during World War I, paying particular attention to the challenges associated with the reintegration of war veterans. First, it reviews the impact of the Great War on the functioning of science and the transformation of international scientific relations, then it demonstrates that reintegration was a complex challenge that engaged several disciplines. Special attention is devoted to the public lectures held by members of the scientific elite of the time, which were significant not only in that they created an independent professional discourse, but also in that they contributed to raising awareness of the traumas experienced by war veterans, thereby strengthening social sensitivity and solidarity. The main argument of the article is that the scientific elite actively sought to contribute to the processing of war experiences and to facilitate the reintegration of veterans, but the impact of these efforts remained limited due to institutional constraints. -
Az egyesületi viszonyok átalakulása Kárpátalján 1938–1939-ben
56-66Views:1In 1938–1939, according to the First Vienna Award, the Southern Hungarian-inhabited
strip of Transcarpathia returned to the rule of Hungary. This event brought significant
changes in the organization of the life of associations. Folk culture education in Transcarpathia, which came under Hungarian rule, halted for a long time. There came a general
silence in the previously very lively association life; the members of some organizations
took on a waiting position, while the leadership of others got disintegrated. Contrary to
Czechoslovak politics, Hungarians clearly decided to support the Ruthenophilic (Ruthenian) language trend, thus many Russian and Ukrainian party associations representing
goals opposing the Hungarian state ideology were liquidated or disbanded. Later, a number of associations advocating and supporting the Hungarian and Ruthenian nationalities
took their place. -
A debreceni Hatvan és Cegléd utcák eredetének nyomában
5-25Views:1This study aims to investigate the historical origins of two public spaces in Debrecen, namely Hatvan and Cegléd Streets. During the Middle Ages, segments of roads leading away from settlements were often named after places impacted by the given route that functioned as crossings or transportation hubs. In the case of Debrecen, this pattern can be observed in the context of Várad Street. However, regarding the names of Hatvan and Cegléd Streets, the currently accepted theories reject the origin associated with place names. For Hatvan Street, a numerical name reference is noted, while for Cegléd Street, an etymology linked to a plant name is generally accepted. The study reviews relevant sources and literature that question the historical validity of currently widespread explanations and at the same time, suggests the acceptance of place name origins for both public spaces. -
Árpád- és középkori telepnyomok Álmosdon és közigazgatási határain belül
47-61Views:1The archaeologically researched nature of Álmosd is rather interleaved, the settlement has been an inhabited area since the prehistoric times up to nowadays because of its geographical location. The written sources from the Árpád Era and from the Middle Ages began to proliferate after the 14th Century, but these do not really tell too much. This results that we need to take other resources into consideration in this field: the geographical names and physical memories provide further information for the study of the settlement, with the help of which we can get closer to the settlement network of Érmellék in the Árpád Era and the Middle Ages. -
A Vakokat Gyámolító Kárpátaljai Egyesület pártfogásában működő Munkácsi Vakok Intézete
5-18Views:1Caring for the blind has always been an important part of the life of a society. This task was also performed by the Podkarpatská Ruszi (later Transcarpathian) Association for the Protection of the Blind. At the Munkács Institute for the Blind, operating under its wings, in grades 1-4, blind children were educated and those over 15 who had fallen out of state care were patronized. However, the association considered it important to support and provide occasional assistance to the disabled, the sick, the elderly and their family members. Under the patronage of the association, the Munkács Institute for the Blind grew into a nationally renowned girls' institute by 1941, and continued to operate uninterrupted until the fall of the Soviet troops occupying Transcarpathia in the autumn of 1944. -
Előzetes jelentés Álmosd-Téglavető dűlő lelőhelyről
29-45Views:1This article describes the 2017 archaeological investigation of the site called Álmosd-Téglavető-dűlő Álmosd, carried out by the Déri Museum in preparation for the installation of an OGD gas pipeline. The site in question was discovered to include ceramic evidence of Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Sarmatian Roman-Empire Age, and Medieval Ages during the preliminary field survey. A Scythian bronze arrowhead was discovered concurrent to the survey via metal detection. Furthermore, this report details the findings of the site's two-phase excavation. The initial excavation phase discovered seven objects, including six Bronze Age pits and one Mediaeval pit. The second phase was needed because OGD located three additional archaeological objects; the ensuing excavation ascertained that one object dated to the Bronze Age, one came from an unknown time period, and the remaining object was a Sarmatian warrior grave. In summation, this article details the archaeological significance and broader implications of the site and further promotes the importance of considering the materials found therein within the context of local parallels. -
A nagyszabású tervek szertefoszlása – Viták a turizmuspolitikáról Hajdúszoboszlón 1947–1950 között
33-52Views:1With the end of the Second World War, the city administration of Hajdúszoboszló thought that the time had come to formulate large-scale plans for the development of the spa, which is a tourist attraction of the settlement. The local tourism policy primarily focused on developing the town into a world bath town, but the city administration had almost no financial resources to realize the idea. They were highly confident that they would receive government support to achieve their goal within the framework of the new political and economic system, but they soon became disappointed. Based on the minutes of the Board of Representatives, I examine in my study how the town management tried to assert its interests in the late 1940s in the face of dwindling development opportunities and ever-changing political and organizational frameworks, and how MPs responded to the new ideological expectations. According to the minutes of the Board of Representatives, three issues generated particularly many controversy during the period under review: the exploration and utilization of medicinal clay, the acquisition of a spa or holiday resort title, and the price of spa tickets. Therefore, I shed light on the questions raised in this study by a detailed analysis of these three issues. -
Hivatalnokból író – Mailáth János eltérő életútja
23-33Views:2In this study, I attempt to present the life of János Mailáth, whose extraordinary lifestyle and literary career made him an outstanding figure. As a descendant of the Mailáth family, he did not pursue the family’s normal career, although he also entered public service for a short time. He gave up his office career because of his eye disease, but turned to literature because of his writing ambitions. In the 1840s, he tried to get famous as a writer and dedicated his works to his so beloved daughter. He maintained a good relationship with prominent representatives of both the German and the Hungarian literature, and in Ferenc Kazinczy he saw the greatest poet of the Hungarian nation. He had significant wealth, but over time became completely indebted. His family tried to access funds for many years in vain. János Mailáth then lived in Vienna and also in Munich, and was supported financially by his brothers and aristocratic acquaintances, but his lack of regular income plunged his family into an increasing misery. He committed suicide due to the overwhelming grip of financial hopelessness and died together with his daughter. -
„csak az nagy Correspondentia foly köztünk…” Csáky Kata levelek a Bánffy-levéltárból
64-83Views:1The ten letters written by Countess Kata Csáky (1726–1794) in the Archives of the Bánffy family (Cluj County Directorate of the Romanian National Archives, Cluj-Napoca) are a good complement to the sources published in All My Joys Were Mingled With Sorrow. Kata Csáky’s correspondence in 2006. This study finds the place of the letters in the history of the Count's family on the one hand, and on the other hand, it discloses the writings that have survived as personal resources. It is clear that the Countess sent letters to Dénes Bánffy until 1780, and to her son, governor György Bánffy (1746–1822) in the last years of her life. Kata Csáky made good use of the family relationships, not only considering Dénes Bánffy as a relative, but also as a supporter to whom she could send even confidential news, and whose special intervention she could request. In her letter of 1767, however, she clarified the role of the Bethlen-Csáky relatives in the abduction of Ágnes Bánffy. A sign of intimacy was that the Countess had sought and received personal support from György Bánffy, and so did her daughter, Rozália Bethlen, who expected the governor to “help with all my troubles ...”. -
Bornemissza Anna egyháztámogató tevékenysége
33-44Views:1Anna Bornemissza, Princess of Transylvania found it important to aid the Reformed Church. Not only did she aid the church together with her husband, Mihály Apafi I, but she also continued this activity on her own. As a Patrone, she payed particular attention to the Reformed schools. This meant aiding the institution and the teachers, as well as some students. She meant to facilitate education and the spread of Reformed tenets by aiding book publishing. According to the sources, the monarch dealt with the election of the preachers of the estates subject to her supervision, she contributed to their salary in terms of material benefits, as well as benefits in kind. In her estate in Fogaras, she maintained a spital, where she gave food to the needy. Being the First Lady of Transylvania, the role of the Patrone was one of her duties on the one hand, and on the other hand, it was her volunteer task because of her deep religiousness. The presentation of her activities is very timely in the memorial year of the Reformation. -
„…sokkal több pénz kellene, hogy gyorsabban haladjunk előre…” A turizmusfejlesztés feladatai az 1950-es években Hajdúszoboszlón a tanács végrehajtó bizottsága üléseinek jegyzőkönyvei tükrében
5-22Views:2In Hajdúszoboszló, after the exploration of the thermal water in 1925, the tourist attraction and offers of the settlement were established. This study examines the role of city management in tourism development during the “difficult years” of the history of Hungarian tourism, in the 1950s. To present the local tourism policy, the author uses the minutes of the city council executive committee meetings as a source. In Hajdúszoboszló, the tasks of tourism were mostly included in the agenda of the meetings of the council and the executive committee through reports on the annual operations of the three large service companies under the control of the council (Spa Company, Catering Company, Municipal Management Company). Through these, the author presents the ideas of spa development, as well as the steps taken in order to create and improve the additional material conditions of tourism, i.e. the infrastructure and superstructure of tourism. -
A tanácsköztársaság nagyváradi végnapjai
5-12Views:1The Romanian occupation of Budapest ended the Council of Republic. However, the Eastern parts of the country had already been occupied long before that by the Romanian army that made a short-lived “ex lex” status by its dynamic thrust. The red forces fleeing from them lost control of certain cities that local civilians and/or soldiers had captured, in several cases clashing with the supporters of the dictatorship of the proletariat that stayed there. All this happened in two days in Oradea: 19–20th April, 1919. The city's contemporary events illustrate well all the issues and problems the civilian and military leaders faced who felt responsibility for the city and for the goods they were entrusted. Although the forces of the dictatorship of the proletariat could not defend the city, they even jeopardized it by not ending armed actions in the area. Thus, the citizens of Oradea not only had to prepare for the “welcoming” of the Romanians, but also had to keep the
reds away. The presentation of the related events in Oradea can even serve as a good basis for a
general examination of the issue. -
A Mailáth család perbenyiki hitbizománya
23-34Views:1My study presents the entail of the Mailáth family in Perbeník. The estate of Perbeník, which was converted into an entail of the Mailáth family in 1867, was located in the former county of Zemplén, and this former estate now belongs to the Slovak Republic. The Mailáth family moved to Zemplén County in the 18th century, via the marriage of Joseph Mailáth III. He married one of the daughters of the Sennyey family, the greatest landowner of the time. József Mailáth III., through his marriage with Antonia Sennyey, received the Sennyey estates in Zemplén County, and subsequently, established one of the largest manorial centres in Zemplén County. In my study, in addition to the Perbeník estate, I also review the inventories of the Őrhegy and Monyha farms, whereby we can get a relatively detailed picture of the Mailáth family’s estates in Zemplén County, the family trust established in 1867, and the family contradictions surrounding the entail. -
Ung vármegye egyesületi élete 1938–1944 között a vármegye alispáni iratainak tükrében
5-13Views:1In 1938–1939, in accordance with the First Vienna Award, the area inhabited by Southern part of Transcarpathia returned to the rule of Hungary. This event brought about significant changes in the organization of association life. The actions of the Hungarian government greatly influenced the development of unique social relations all over this area. Between 1939 and 1944, with the support of the Hungarian government, several associations, societies and clubs were established that operated in the region. The purpose of my research is to prove that the operation and work of the associations greatly influenced the cultural situation of Transcarpathian society.
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