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Rákóczi oldalán – a kuruccá lett alispán
35-63Megtekintések száma:1After the outbreak of the War of Independence, hallmarked by the name of Ferenc Rákóczi II, István Buday (bölsei), who served as the deputy granger of Bihar county between 1688 and 1701, was among the first rebels. In the Tokaj vineyard, he came to the neighbourhood of both Rákóczi and Miklós Bercsényi, establishing the base that provided a loyal and soldier for the revolution. István Buday climbed the ladder quickly: he became court captain, then chief of the Hajdú towns of Szabolcs, and later commander of the regiment of the Hajdú towns. The depths and heights that characterize the war of independence can also be traced in the military career of the former deputy granger. We can examine these in the framework of the present study. István Buday, who served in the War of Independence until his death, was the appropriate type of soldier of the time: he was an underqualified but experienced fortress warrior, participating in raids and smaller campaigns. This paper focuses on the eight years of the War of Independence, with special attention payed to the military career of the captain of the Hajdú towns. -
Széchenyi István és munkatársai az Akadémia dolgában
5-20Megtekintések száma:8The present article explores, through the correspondence of the officials of the Hungarian Learned Society, who was involved in the Society’s affairs during its early years, in what manner, and to what extent they participated in addressing and resolving emerging issues. As vice-president, István Széchenyi corresponded regularly with his colleagues and employees in the Society about academic matters. In most cases, he expressed his dilemmas regarding a particular issue or his arguments in favor of a particular decision at length in his private correspondence, thus his letters to Antal Tasner further nuance the positions expressed in his (semi-)official letters. In the early years of the Society, there were several issues in which almost all of the actors mentioned in the article were involved, as documented by the correspondence: the start of the institution's operations, the publication of the dictionary and the Tudománytár (Encyclopedia of Science), and the 1835 election of officers. For a more detailed account of the latter situation, Ferenc Kölcsey's private correspondence is also available, which reveals why it was a difficult decision for him to accept or reject the position of secretary. -
A revíziós gondolat Bethlen István 1928. évi debreceni beszédében
19-24Megtekintések száma:1István Bethlen's speech in Debrecen in March 1928 was an important event in the Hungarian revision policy between the two world wars. Among the foreign policy conditions that became more favourable at the end of the decade, the humble tone of the Prime Minister changed. In this speech, he formulated a demand for a more proactive revision policy by the Hungarian government. In the study, I covered the antecedents of the speech, and examined its content and most important ideas. My article focuses primarily on the statements in the speech that marked a shift from the cautious revision policy of the period 1920–1927, setting the tone for the foreign policy events of the 1930s. -
A hajdúböszörményi Bocskai István Gimnázium diáksága 1867 és 1918 között
21-36Megtekintések száma:1In my dissertation, I examine the social composition of students at Bocskai István
Grammar School between 1867 and 1917. The starting point of the research was
provided by a database based on the registrars that contained all the students attending
in the given period. After a short historical summary, I will discuss the changes in the
number of students, the school catchment area, the denominational proportion of
students, social stratification of parents, and the question of female students. -
Az Egységes Párt 1922-es berettyóújfalui kampánya
5-21Megtekintések száma:1After the revolutions and the Trianon Peace Treaty, political life in Hungary continued to face several challenges. This study presents the political atmosphere that resulted the 1922 National Assembly election and its results. Berettyóújfalu was one of the constituencies affected by the new national border. Lajos Szilágyi applied for a mandate as a representative here. He was considered by the public of the time to be an active opposition politician. The United Party, led by István Bethlen and István Nagyatádi Szabó, also entered the fight for representative mandates. The ruling party exerted a lot of power to get its own candidates a mandate, as well as to obstruct the campaign of opposition politicians. This thesis seeks the answer to the question of how the campaign of the United Party took place in the electoral district of Berettyóújfalu, and how this series of events fits into the national election preparations of the governing party -
Horthy Miklós és Debrecen: a kormányzó debreceni diákságának története és látogatásai kormányzósága idején
13-39Megtekintések száma:1In my study, which has been written on the basis of books, archival sources and periodicals, you can read about Miklós Horthy’s visits to and his student years in Debrecen. During my research, Miklós Horthy’s childhood residence was discovered, which was located at today’s 8 Péterfia Street. He finished classes 3 and 4 as a fared student of the Debrecen College between 1876 and 1878 and then his father sent him to continue his studies in Sopron. He returned to the Civis city only as governor: first – as part of his country tour – on April 14, 1920, he visited the city “liberated” by the National Army. Next, on November 6, 1924, he travelled to Debrecen for the opening ceremony of the children’s clinic, then on October 17, 1926, to lay the foundation stone of the site for the medical college clinic, and to unveil the statue of István Tisza. The next date is June 3, 1927, when he arrived here for the laying of the foundation stone of the Tisza István University, and on the 10th of June, 1928, for the riding days organized by the Chamber of Agriculture of the Tiszántúl Region and for the inauguration of 80 soldiers. And lastly, on July 1, 1929, he came here to watch the 22nd National Song Contest. The contemporary press and the Telegraph Office only record the occasions described above as Miklós Horthy's official visits to Debrecen, but he might have returned to our town several times until October 15, 1944, as the governor also visited other villages and towns in Hajdú and Bihar counties. Finally, I present the Baltazár mansion in Bodaszőlő, which Miklós Horthy visited several times outside the officially registered days. -
Egy többlaki mágnás, Széchenyi István gróf vidéki térhasználata 1840 és 1843 között a naplóregisztereinek tükrében
133-158Megtekintések száma:1The paradigm shift after the spatial turn took place also in historical studies, during which historians placed the urban space use into the centre of the scope of their research. These research processes use a wide variety of resources. To study the “personal space” and daily movements of particular persons, it is exclusively the diaries that provide a basis –according to Gábor Gyáni. In this study, I aim to track – concentrating primarily on the register data of the Széchenyi Breviary – the nation-wide movements of the “greatest Hungarian” between May 1840 and May 1843, and thereby present the daily space use of a multihomed magnate like Széchenyi. In this work, I enumerate not only the travels of the Count, but also the routes he tookand the vehicles he used. Moreover, in connection with travels starting from Pest and Nagycenk, I also reflect on how much a person’s social relationships and daily routine were affected by space. -
A Vásáry-ügy interpretációja a Debreczen lapszámain keresztül
26-40Megtekintések száma:1This study analyses the legal case of István Vásáry, the mayor of Debrecen, which took place between 1934 and 1935. The research focuses on the political attacks initiated against him, the attempts by radical right-wing groups to discredit him, and investigations related to the ownership issues of the Vásáry family. The accusations triggered immense media response, with the conservative-oriented daily newspaper ‘Debreczen’, which acted as Vásáry’s main supporter, coming to his defense and emphasizing his integrity as mayor. The study examines the relevant issues of the ‘Debreczen’ newspaper, offering an opportunity to chronologically track the events occurring in the city, as well as to juxtapose various political viewpoints. Additionally, it includes a detailed examination of the collection of József Pálffy, the editor-in-chief of ‘Debreczen.’ The final part of the work concludes the Vásáry case, presenting the outcomes of the disciplinary investigation and the legal proceedings. -
„…én Nagyságod parancsolatja nélkül nem cselekettem, nem is cselekszem…” – Adalékok Buday Istvánné Melczer Erzsébet életrajzához
35-44Megtekintések száma:1István Bölsei Buday, the former deputy of Bihar, joined Ferenc Rákóczi II immediately after the outbreak of Rákóczi’s War of Independence. The nearly 50-year-old man supported the future prince according to his best talent, and his wife, Erzsébet Melczer, also helped him in this. The research conducted in connection with Rákóczi’s War of Independence focuses more on questions of military, economic and social history. Micro-historical explorations have received more emphasis in recent decades, concentrating on groups and individuals who fell outside the scope of traditional research models. With the help of such an in depth analysis focusing on one person, we aim to bring the wife, mother, family member behind the soldier closer to the reader. -
Egy 17. századi házasságtörés háttere és következményei
84-94Megtekintések száma:1The Municipal Archives of Košice keeps the document containing the verdict of Judge István Csáky that reveals the story of the harassment of a noble woman in 1688. Klára Gatályi had been the wife of Vilmos Draheim, the former chamber prefect, and stood by him even during her arrest in 1685. Three years later, Klára Gatályi was arbitrarily imprisoned by the citizens of Košice. The charge: adultery. Although the text of the examined resource seems to be about the release of a woman of average importance who had been violated in her noble rights, and the self-righteousness of jury citizens in Košice, there is in fact a story in the background that cannot be called a general one. It is a story the event line of which had begun before 1685, and its aftermath could serve as the background to what happened in 1688. Focusing on these antecedents, the present study attempts to explore this part of Klára Gatályi's life and the events leading up to it. -
Zubán Szávó (Szávó György), II. Rákóczi Ferenc legendás bihari szerb lovashadnagya
28-34Megtekintések száma:1Teacher Klára Papp's main research area is Bihar, the settlement and population history of Bihar. The protagonist of my short article also comes from this region, but he is a special figure. Szávó Zubán, or as it is usually written: György Szávó (or Száva) was actually a Hungarian nobleman of Serbian origin, from Pécska on the bank of Maros in Arad. Despite his origin, he was the first lieutenant of Rákóczi’s War of Independence. We know that he was a Hungarian nobleman from Gálospetri, but he declared himself to be of Rác (Serbian) ethnicity. He fought through the Kuruc freedom struggle, and then in 1717, he went to war against the Crimean Tatars invading from the North-East. Throughout the War of Independence, he was a senior lieutenant in the cavalry regiment of Sándor Károlyi, the commanding general in Tiszántúl. -
Néhány gondolat az udvari papokról és szerepükről a Rákócziak korában (1630–1655)
17-32Megtekintések száma:1In this study, I first analyse the population of the court and in that, the notion of thecourt preacher; and then I present, through the life of some former court preachers, what sociological background and qualifications the preachers here should have had, and what expectations had been there towards them. (The monarchs of Transylvania belonged to the Protestant confessions from 1604 till 1690, although this did not apply to all but most of their family members.) How did this change by the Rákóczi era? In what do and do not István Geleji Katona, Pál Medgyesi, György Csulai, János Dali, and Pál Keresztúri Bíró resemble their predecessors? Did their role change between 1630 and 1660 as opposed to the era of Gábor Báthory – Gábor Bethlen – Catherine of Brandenburg? This study aims to find the answers to these questions. -
Kálvin János és a kamatszedés szabadsága
5-16Megtekintések száma:1On 7th November 1545, Calvin wrote a letter to a(n unnamed) friend, which has been included in the publication of all his works by the title “De usuris” (About the interestrate). The current study analyses this letter as the most comprehensive summary of Calvin’s judgement on interest rate. It is a well-known fact that based on statements in the Old Testament and the New Testament (Deut. 23/19, Luke 6/35), he not only banned thecollection of interest, but he did also not differentiate between interest and extortionate. The prohibitions of the Early Middle Ages were confirmed by the scholastic Fathers of Church as well as the legislation of the Synod, referring to Aristotle. (Corpus iuriscanonici, II. Lateran synod, 1139. The principle of “pecunia pecuniam parare non potest” was, however, infringed between the 13th and 16th Centuries in a number of ways. Basically, the collection of interest was disguised as ship loans (nauticum foenus), bills (cambium), and reverse bills (ricorsa), orbusiness deposit (depositum). All these, however, did not change the standpoint of the Church, even though they were widely used. Pope Gregory IX declared shipping loan extortionate already in the 13th Century; and deposit was condemned by V. Pius even in 1571. Most of the 16th Century Reformers shared similar views and did not approve collecting interest. Luther stuck to the principles of the Canon Law and condemned those that had not paid their debt referring to the prohibition of usury, while his opponent, Johannes Eck, argued for the collection of interest. The above-mentioned letter of Calvin meant a decisive turning point, and it made unnecessary for his followers to disguise the collection of interest in the usual formats. Following the ’sola scriptura’ principle, he denied the validity of the statements of the Fathers of Church claiming that money did not bear money. The sea or the earth did, it was only money that did not? And analysing the words of the Holy Bible (examining not only Moses and Luke, but the psalms and prophets, too), he concluded that “there was no evidence in the scripture regarding the fact that all interests would be censurable”. In this respect, it is not advisable to tie our conscience more than God wants us to. He still doesnot support if someone pursues lucre with interest as a job. He mentions seven exceptions that have to be kept when collecting interest, including the justness of the lender or that one should not ask for more interest than allowed by “the laws of the country or the location”. All this refers to the fact that he separates lawful interest from extortionate for the first time, and he also differentiates loan for the purpose of consumption from loan supporting the purpose of enterprise – he only does not approve the first case. -
Egy különös látogatás – Bethlen és Gömbös 1933. januári debreceni beszéde
47-52Megtekintések száma:1Bethlen and Gömbös both gave speeches at the National Unity Party's event in Debrecen in January 1933. Although the two speeches did not mark a turning point in Hungarian domestic politics of the interwar era, they did indicate that the balance of power between the two men was shifting and that Gömbös's appointment as prime minister was not simply a change of government but a step towards changing the political system elaborated by Bethlen. Both men made moderate statements and expressed mutual support, but the present paper also aims to convey the transitory nature of this situation, as they became open enemies the following year. -
A nagyszabású tervek szertefoszlása – Viták a turizmuspolitikáról Hajdúszoboszlón 1947–1950 között
33-52Megtekintések száma:1With the end of the Second World War, the city administration of Hajdúszoboszló thought that the time had come to formulate large-scale plans for the development of the spa, which is a tourist attraction of the settlement. The local tourism policy primarily focused on developing the town into a world bath town, but the city administration had almost no financial resources to realize the idea. They were highly confident that they would receive government support to achieve their goal within the framework of the new political and economic system, but they soon became disappointed. Based on the minutes of the Board of Representatives, I examine in my study how the town management tried to assert its interests in the late 1940s in the face of dwindling development opportunities and ever-changing political and organizational frameworks, and how MPs responded to the new ideological expectations. According to the minutes of the Board of Representatives, three issues generated particularly many controversy during the period under review: the exploration and utilization of medicinal clay, the acquisition of a spa or holiday resort title, and the price of spa tickets. Therefore, I shed light on the questions raised in this study by a detailed analysis of these three issues. -
Csobán Endre 1929-es angliai útinaplójának részlete
25-42Megtekintések száma:1The story of Endre Csobán's trip to England is contained in three small-format pocketbooks, which are stored in The Hungarian National Archives Hajdú-Bihar County Archives. Csobán traveled to London to get acquainted with and learn the essential modern techniques of repairing diplomas in the National Archives of Britain, in the Public Record Office. The passage published here is from the first notebook. He recorded his journey starting from the preparations and the events that happened to him between 27 July 1929 and 16 August 1929 in a 16.5 x 10.5 cm, greenish-brown, cloth-bound, lined booklet. Endre Csobán's diaries are important contemporary documents that provide cultural history, political and literary additives. Moreover, they are also valuable from the point of view of researching and writing personal history, and generally, from the historical psychology side. The the finely toned image of the inner life of the writer unfolds from the entries which portray a man who is receptive about and responsive to the things of the world. -
Bihar vármegye hadi népe 1704-ben – Módszertani összefoglalás egy tervezett kismonográfia kiadása elé
5-19Megtekintések száma:1A posztomusz tanulmány nem tartalmaz rezümét -
Nagyvárad országgyűlési képviselete a dualizmus korában (1867–1918)
5-18Megtekintések száma:1The study looks at the issue of Nagyvárad's parliamentary representation in the AustroHungarian Empire period, focusing primarily on the proportionality of the city's
mandate numbers and the elected parliamentarians. In the first part of the paper, I
examine the one parliamentary mandate owner Nagyvárad's elective franchise and
elective geographical position in comparison with other cities having one mandate, and
with similarly populated cities having two mandates. The consequence of the findings is
that Nagyvárad (as well as Arad and Temesvár, which have similar social and economic
geography features) could not get more seats in the Hungarian House of
Representatives seeking a social status quo conservation due to its "modern bourgeois
city" nature, and not because of the city's ethnic makeup.
In the second part of the study, I analyze the party affiliation of Nagyvárad’s
representatives, and through this, the urban voter behavior and the representatives
themselves (Imre Szacsvay, György Lukács, Ágoston Tokody, Gyula Győrffy, István
Teleszky, Kálmán Tisza, Béla Barabás, Endre Hlatky, Tamás Szokoly, Géza Hoványi). -
Az egykori tócóskerti „bagolyvár” története
18-23Megtekintések száma:1In Debrecen, in Tócóskert of the gardens quarter, there was a special one-story house among the many small one-story buildings. The house was originally owned by engineer Iván Kacskovics (1809–1880), colonel of the Home Guard in 1848, imperial and royal captain, member of the city committee, and his wife, Terézia Kolner. He also owned the hemp soaker on the corner of the nearby Kishegyesi and István Street. After their deaths, the “owl castle” was auctioned off. Until the demolition in 1979, several residents and industrialists used the house. -
Fejedelmek hajdúkiváltságolásai, adományai, telepítései. Körösszeg sajátos esete
5-27Megtekintések száma:1The princes of Transylvania would have gladly followed the example of Bocskai, who settled the hajdú soldiers, but they did not have significant land available for donation. Therefore, the hajdús who undertook princely service received various and different privileges. In 1653, the Transylvanian collection of laws included 20 hajdú settlements from Bihar. However, 40% of these do not have known privilege letters. Körösszeg was among these, despite being owned by the Csáky family throughout the century. György Rákóczi I considered the Catholic István Csáky an enemy of Transylvania. He took away his castle and estate, which he got back under the terms of the Agreement of Eperjes (1633), but both the castle and the hajdús living in the market town had to serve Varad, and only served as soldiers for the landowner during peacetime. The hajdús were under the jurisdiction of their lieutenant, who was accountable to the captain of Varad but was also supposed to work in agreement with the estate's court judge. The Transylvanian code of law intended to modify this peculiar dual service to a hajdú privilege, but the Csáky family contradicted this decision in 1654. In 1659, their court judge allowed only those who agreed to serve the lord to return to the market town and also put down the hajdú name. After the siege of Varad in 1660, the destroyed castle was not rebuilt, and the settlement remained deserted. -
„…sokkal több pénz kellene, hogy gyorsabban haladjunk előre…” A turizmusfejlesztés feladatai az 1950-es években Hajdúszoboszlón a tanács végrehajtó bizottsága üléseinek jegyzőkönyvei tükrében
5-22Megtekintések száma:2In Hajdúszoboszló, after the exploration of the thermal water in 1925, the tourist attraction and offers of the settlement were established. This study examines the role of city management in tourism development during the “difficult years” of the history of Hungarian tourism, in the 1950s. To present the local tourism policy, the author uses the minutes of the city council executive committee meetings as a source. In Hajdúszoboszló, the tasks of tourism were mostly included in the agenda of the meetings of the council and the executive committee through reports on the annual operations of the three large service companies under the control of the council (Spa Company, Catering Company, Municipal Management Company). Through these, the author presents the ideas of spa development, as well as the steps taken in order to create and improve the additional material conditions of tourism, i.e. the infrastructure and superstructure of tourism.
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