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• Az Alföld diskurzusai a 19. század eleji útleírásokban

  1-25

  Nagy Imre

  Megtekintések száma:

  5

  Az Alföld diskurzusai a 19. század eleji útleírásokban
  A tanulmány a 19. század első felének magyar útirajz-irodalmát vizsgálva az Alföld reprezentációinak
  és diszkurzív átalakulásának elemzésére vállalkozik. Kiindulópontja, hogy az útleírások nem
  pusztán leíró jellegű források, hanem a korabeli térérzékelés, esztétikai normák és nemzeti identitásképzés
  metszéspontjában létrejövő szövegek, amelyek a tájat kulturálisan közvetített tapasztalattá
  alakítják.
  A dolgozat központi tézise szerint az Alföld képe a század elejétől a reformkor végéig jelentős
  diszkurzív átalakuláson megy keresztül: a kezdetben negatív esztétikai kategóriákkal (üresség, monotonitás,
  formátlanság) jellemzett síkság fokozatosan a nemzeti identitás egyik kitüntetett térbeli
  hordozójává válik.
  A tanulmány végkövetkeztetése szerint a 19. század eleji útleírások az Alföldet nem egyszerűen
  földrajzi térként, hanem komplex mentális és kulturális konstrukcióként ábrázolják. E szövegek
  hozzájárulnak egy olyan nemzeti térképzet kialakulásához, amelyben az Alföld egyszerre jelenik
  meg perifériaként és központként, a szabadság és a kiszolgáltatottság, az otthonosság és az idegenség
  paradox területeként.

• A trianoni Alföld újraértelmezése. Lehetséges regionális történeti földrajzi, gazdaság- és társadalomtörténeti kontextusok a táj múltjának történelmiesítéséhez (1910–1930)

  5-29

  Szilágyi Zsolt

  Megtekintések száma:

  0

  There is a clear trend in recent years that historians are moving closer to more and more disciplines in the natural sciences, and that they are adopting methods in these disciplines or developing new ones for their own research projects. For this, I believe that the common language will be created by the digital revolution, quantification, which is still ongoing. Through “technological uniformization”, there is a growing need for the mass processing of data, building and interconnecting databases, and developing quantitative procedures for which, in time, a parallel narrative can be built alongside well-known master narratives. In my study, I attempt to historicalize the past of the Great Hungarian Plain for the first third of the 20th century in a different way than before, by concatenating several databases (GHA, ATTA, MÉTA) and using GIS (Esri GIS). A new result is that in addition to the construction of the railway network and water management infrastructures, the adaptation (!) of the settlement network also played a decisive role in the modernization of the Great Plain in the 19th century. The basis of modernization and economic structural transformation in the economic sense was the formation and spread of homesteads. The regions of the Great Hungarian Plain, where, instead of the city-village connection, the city-farm connection became the dominant, formed into highly developed centre areas (in a landscape context) by the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. However, the process of landscape modernization and urbanization slowed down perceptibly, even stalled at some places, due to global economic processes, reorganizing migratory movements, disproportionate landscape economic structure and growing social tensions, among others. By the beginning of the 20th century, another change in the economic structure of the Great Hungarian Plain became necessary, but this (also) could not take place due to the First World War. The Trianon peace treaty after losing the war was such a traumatic experience not only collectively but often on an individual experience level that the discourse that followed the propaganda-reinforced “loss narrative” obscured many of the aforementioned prepeace problems. Consequently, Trianon was not the cause but the catalyst for the collapse of the economic model of the Great Hungarian Plain. At the same time, it is a fact that in addition to the typically more favourable concentration of human capital in the landscape, the multi-centred developmental spatial structure formed within the landscape in the 1920s enabled a surprisingly rapid economic restoration for Trianon Hungary as a whole. Despite the slowing down of the modernization and urbanization processes, the development of the Great Hungarian Plain at the turn of the century, which was higher than in the Carpathian Basin, was able to ensure a relatively smooth socio-economic transition for a short time.

• Városhiányos területek vizualizálása – A térinformatika és a gravitációs modell egy lehetséges alkalmazása a történettudományban a trianoni Alföld példáján (1910–1930)

  31-69

  Szilágyi Zsolt

  Megtekintések száma:

  0

  The ’digital revolution’ going on in all fields of science in parallel nowadays (in the case of certain disciplines, a ’digital turn’) has opened an interface of interactions in the last few years, which places interdisciplinary topics – among them historical-geographical research – into a new space. The present study attempts to represent through the example of the 19th-20th turn-of-the-century Great Hungarian Plain the economic and social historical opportunities and contexts opening in the mentioned sub-disciplines by the use of GIS, in parallel with the utilization, or deconstruction, of the canonized knowledge. During the research process, it turned out that the gravity potential model can also be used to visualize the results of the calculations in a GIS. The less attracted areas outline the areas, regions lacking cities in a differentiated manner in the resulting map. This method can be used to map 3 regions and 8 areas lacking cities on the Great Hungarian Plain. On the other hand, the results also made it possible to sketch a model of economic structure, which is hoped to draw attention in writing social history.

• Mozaikok a Békés vármegyei csendbiztosok 1860–1880-as évekbeli történetéről

  36-47

  Héjja Julianna Erika

  Megtekintések száma:

  0

  By the time of the Napoleonic Wars at the latest, the counties had to face the consequences of rapidly deteriorating public security and the raids typical of the “bandit world” prevalent in the Great Hungarian Plain. The significant increase in crime was caused by the increase in taxes, the strict military recruitment obligations, and the great famines of the early 1790s. The ‘pandur’ system, which ensured public order, was not a uniformly organized national guard but rather a variety of formations operated in each county, often with very different salaries and rewards. The ‘pandur’ system, as a county public security body, could be encountered in some regions as early as the 17th century, but most noble assemblies ordered its establishment during the 18th century.

• Nyírbátor középkori főterei. Településtopográfiai rekonstrukciós kísérlet.

  5-39

  Gulyás László Szabolcs

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  Nyírbátor was one of the most important market towns of the Great Hungarian Plain in the Middle Ages. This status of importance was the result of a combination of several factors. On the one hand, the settlement served as the residence of the Ecsed branch of the Bátori family, which gained national significance from the 14th century onwards, as evidenced by the high-quality medieval built heritage. The other reason that increased its importance is that the market town played a prominent role in the system of trade relations between Transylvania and Upper Hungary, which was also helped by high-level royal privileges that were not entirely considered credible in Hungarian historical research. Several certificates from the 14th–15th centuries report in detail on the medieval settlement structure of Nyírbátor, but their interpretation is still problematic. The study attempts to reconstruct the medieval street network, and at the same time tries to answer the complex question of the circumstances and time of the construction of the today still existing huge main square, which has a regular floor plan, and which is considered to be unique among Hungarian market towns.

• A szalacsi Négylyukú híd építéstörténete

  33-47

  Emődi András

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  Arched brick bridges began to be built in the Great Hungarian Plain and its surrounding areas from the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the earliest of these is the Four-Hole Bridge located in the vicinity of Szalacs village (Sălacea), in present-day Romania. Our study explores the construction history of this still-standing structure based on archival data.

• Antropogén tájátalakítás az Érmelléken a 19. század második felében

  49-72

  Buzgó Gábor

  Megtekintések száma:

  0

  In recent years, there has been a resurgence of scientific interest, both internationally and domestically, in the effects of human landscape-altering activities, likely in connection with the climate change currently being experienced. In the Érmellék region, the anthropogenic transformation of the landscape began before water regulation, with the deforestation and conversion of woodlands into arable land, although the process affected the settlements of the micro-region differently. In the Great Plain, particularly in the eastern Tisza region, arable lands generally expanded at the expense of meadows and pastures. However, in the landscape examined, changes initially dominated in the direction of forest-arable land conversion. The deforestation altered the hydrological conditions of the landscape, leading to the gathering of water in lowlands due to drainage from elevations. Partly due to the rainier climate and partly because of the improper drainage attempts by the landowners in Nyírség, the construction of drainage channels became necessary in Nagyléta and the micro-region, which, in turn, spurred further expansion of arable land. The expansion of arable lands largely occurred on poor-quality sandy soil, which did not ensure significant income growth for the population of the micro-region.

• Berettyóújfalui és Bihar vármegyei választások a két világháború között

  7-19

  Kerepeszki Róbert

  Megtekintések száma:

  1

  The historian profession has, by now, clarified that the so-called Horthy-regime was an
  authoritarian political structure where one-party dominance prevailed but other political
  trends could also organize themselves with relative freedom.
  One of the most interesting feature of this system was the operation of the limited
  parliamentary system, which was provided by the suffrage between 1922 and 1938.
  Until 1938/39, all constituencies of Bihar county voted openly, just like in the county
  seat town, Berettyóújfalu. The secret ballot was restored in 1938 (1938th XIX. Tc.) and
  the last election of the era was held based on this in May 1939. Primarily due to the
  open voting, Bihar was considered a ruling party side county, although during the
  1930’s, some opposition political movements such as the support of Smallholders and
  the far-right (Nazi) party were also in rise here, just like in many other counties of the
  Great Plain region.