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Széchenyi István és munkatársai az Akadémia dolgában
5-20Views:8The present article explores, through the correspondence of the officials of the Hungarian Learned Society, who was involved in the Society’s affairs during its early years, in what manner, and to what extent they participated in addressing and resolving emerging issues. As vice-president, István Széchenyi corresponded regularly with his colleagues and employees in the Society about academic matters. In most cases, he expressed his dilemmas regarding a particular issue or his arguments in favor of a particular decision at length in his private correspondence, thus his letters to Antal Tasner further nuance the positions expressed in his (semi-)official letters. In the early years of the Society, there were several issues in which almost all of the actors mentioned in the article were involved, as documented by the correspondence: the start of the institution's operations, the publication of the dictionary and the Tudománytár (Encyclopedia of Science), and the 1835 election of officers. For a more detailed account of the latter situation, Ferenc Kölcsey's private correspondence is also available, which reveals why it was a difficult decision for him to accept or reject the position of secretary. -
„Méltóságos Fejedelem egész udvarnépével edgyütt Szerencsen continuálván lakását” – A szerencsi uradalom a 17. század végén
5-23Views:1In April 1695, Ferenc Rákóczi II. arrived to the territory of their Szerencs estate with his family: his wife, brother and brother-in-law. They enjoyed the hospitality of the estate for almost half a year. The visit had its antecedents. The prince spent the former year on a cruise in Italy, arriving back from which his brother welcomed him with bad news: their family estates were waiting to be taken over in a dilapidated state. After this impression, the young Rákóczi decided to visit all his family estates. Many of the surviving documents from the visit in 1695 come from the accounts of the neighbouring Regéc estate. This is because food had been sent to Szerencs several times. In our study, we try to reconstruct the said visit on the basis of these resources, asking the question why the economic assistance of the neighbouring Regéc was needed. To answer this, we would try to outline the history of the Szerencs manor, starting from its inception, focusing on the allodial economic system. -
Rákóczi oldalán – a kuruccá lett alispán
35-63Views:1After the outbreak of the War of Independence, hallmarked by the name of Ferenc Rákóczi II, István Buday (bölsei), who served as the deputy granger of Bihar county between 1688 and 1701, was among the first rebels. In the Tokaj vineyard, he came to the neighbourhood of both Rákóczi and Miklós Bercsényi, establishing the base that provided a loyal and soldier for the revolution. István Buday climbed the ladder quickly: he became court captain, then chief of the Hajdú towns of Szabolcs, and later commander of the regiment of the Hajdú towns. The depths and heights that characterize the war of independence can also be traced in the military career of the former deputy granger. We can examine these in the framework of the present study. István Buday, who served in the War of Independence until his death, was the appropriate type of soldier of the time: he was an underqualified but experienced fortress warrior, participating in raids and smaller campaigns. This paper focuses on the eight years of the War of Independence, with special attention payed to the military career of the captain of the Hajdú towns. -
A történelmi Bihar településföldrajzának alapjai
71-103Views:1In my study, I examine 564 settlements of the historical Bihar, using database analysis and cartographic method. Among the analysed traits of the settlements appear the following: nature conditions (terrain model, altitude and the presence of considerable watercourse), administrative traits (council status, historical-administrative characteristics and territorial extension), settlement geography traits (layout and historical character), and population geography traits (maximum population [population/year]; population in 2011, population change between 1900 and 2011, population change between 2002 and 2011, linguistic and religious composition).The examined traits of the settlements are represented on a map in order to reveal territorial correlations.Besides presenting the past and present states, the study also aims to find answers to the“Why?-s”. -
A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia állami támogatása és a törvényhozás a két világháború közötti Magyarországon
68-77Views:1By 1920, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences was in a critical financial situation. The solution lay in increasing state subsidies, but the possibilities were limited due to the economic crisis that had lasted for years. Finally, in 1925, the institution received a one-time allocation, followed by regular, larger subsidies from the 1926/27 fiscal year onwards. The state subsidy was supported by all parties in parliament, but a debate arose among them about the role of the Academy and its relationship with the state. In the early 1930s, the amount of aid was significantly reduced, but due to the generous bequest of Count Ferenc Vigyázó, this had no significant negative impact. -
„…én Nagyságod parancsolatja nélkül nem cselekettem, nem is cselekszem…” – Adalékok Buday Istvánné Melczer Erzsébet életrajzához
35-44Views:1István Bölsei Buday, the former deputy of Bihar, joined Ferenc Rákóczi II immediately after the outbreak of Rákóczi’s War of Independence. The nearly 50-year-old man supported the future prince according to his best talent, and his wife, Erzsébet Melczer, also helped him in this. The research conducted in connection with Rákóczi’s War of Independence focuses more on questions of military, economic and social history. Micro-historical explorations have received more emphasis in recent decades, concentrating on groups and individuals who fell outside the scope of traditional research models. With the help of such an in depth analysis focusing on one person, we aim to bring the wife, mother, family member behind the soldier closer to the reader. -
Zubán Szávó (Szávó György), II. Rákóczi Ferenc legendás bihari szerb lovashadnagya
28-34Views:1Teacher Klára Papp's main research area is Bihar, the settlement and population history of Bihar. The protagonist of my short article also comes from this region, but he is a special figure. Szávó Zubán, or as it is usually written: György Szávó (or Száva) was actually a Hungarian nobleman of Serbian origin, from Pécska on the bank of Maros in Arad. Despite his origin, he was the first lieutenant of Rákóczi’s War of Independence. We know that he was a Hungarian nobleman from Gálospetri, but he declared himself to be of Rác (Serbian) ethnicity. He fought through the Kuruc freedom struggle, and then in 1717, he went to war against the Crimean Tatars invading from the North-East. Throughout the War of Independence, he was a senior lieutenant in the cavalry regiment of Sándor Károlyi, the commanding general in Tiszántúl. -
A lévai református templom lerombolása Szilágyi Sámuel levele alapján
57-71Views:0During the period of the Counter-Reformation, religious tension manifested even in connection with the ownership of churches. After the publication of the Carolina Resolutio II. in 1734, the taking away of churches was on the rise. This meant, for instance, in thecase of Győr, Pápa, Tata, Léva, Balassagyarmat and Fülek, that the official reason was that these settlements lost their identity as fortresses after the expulsion of the Turks. Even before the 18th century, the city of Léva experienced lots of religious conflicts. The ducal branch of the Esterházy family wanted to control the privileged city by jurisdiction, because of which the relationship between the lordship and the population was tense. Certain religious disagreements also occurred in the debate. The Calvinist Church of Léva was confiscated in 1719, and worship was banned. However, this was renewed, and the preacher of the time was cleared out only in 1739. The church, the school, and the building of the preacher’s house remained under the control of the congregation, they were demolished in 1740. I present these events through a letter written by Sámuel Szilágyi, the Protestant Hungarian agent of Vienna, on 16th July, 1740. From Szilágyi’s letter, it becomes clear that the events that happened in Léva becamenation-wide known. The notorious start of the demolition of the church in Léva wasmost probably initiated by the fall of part of the wobbly fence around the church in May 1740. The fence was restored by the Calvinists. This was considered an innovation by the administrator of Duke Esterházy, called Ferenc Birovszky, who, with a hundred odd of his men, cut the whole fence on 16th of the same month. The bell was tolled by the Calvinists, which was followed by quarrel and even a fight. The Calvinists interpreted this whole event the violation of the imperial decree about their religious freedom. After the incident, they took the opportunity to go into the church, toll the bells and hold a mass, although only singing and praying from a book, and without a preacher. This was no wise step in this extremely tense situation. First, they were interdicted by the judge of the county, and then by the deputy-lieutenant. The Calvinists’ answer was that they sent ambassadors to Vienna, and they were waiting for the imperial reply. The church, the school and the parsonage – together with the belfry – was demolished on 17th June 1740, the bell was taken and everything was confiscated by the men of the administrator. The Calvinist presented the letter of defence of Charles III in vain, even the noble received harsh atrocity and imprisonment. The present study uses archive resources to show what was it – on the local level – that had been behind such an event. Here, it seems that not the priests of the Catholic Church, but the administrator of the Catholic squire was who had initiated the events. -
Hivatalnokból író – Mailáth János eltérő életútja
23-33Views:2In this study, I attempt to present the life of János Mailáth, whose extraordinary lifestyle and literary career made him an outstanding figure. As a descendant of the Mailáth family, he did not pursue the family’s normal career, although he also entered public service for a short time. He gave up his office career because of his eye disease, but turned to literature because of his writing ambitions. In the 1840s, he tried to get famous as a writer and dedicated his works to his so beloved daughter. He maintained a good relationship with prominent representatives of both the German and the Hungarian literature, and in Ferenc Kazinczy he saw the greatest poet of the Hungarian nation. He had significant wealth, but over time became completely indebted. His family tried to access funds for many years in vain. János Mailáth then lived in Vienna and also in Munich, and was supported financially by his brothers and aristocratic acquaintances, but his lack of regular income plunged his family into an increasing misery. He committed suicide due to the overwhelming grip of financial hopelessness and died together with his daughter.
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