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• Preschool teachers’ attitudes and preparation in the implementation of inclusive education

  45-62

  Helin Puksand

  Lii Lilleoja

  Views:

  78

  The implementation of inclusive education depends on teachers’ attitudes towards children with special needs. In 2022, a kindergarten survey was carried out, which included the topic of inclusive education. A total of 918 teachers across Estonia participated in the survey. The study aimed to map preschool teachers’ attitudes towards children with special needs and inclusive education and determine how teachers evaluate their knowledge of implementing inclusive education. Kindergarten teachers tended to favour inclusion: they agreed they could include children with special needs in leisure and learning activities. However, they found difficulties mainly with children with behavioural problems and identified other difficult situations that arise with children with special needs in the mainstream group. Most teachers with a professional education said they had the knowledge and skills to deal with children with special needs. However, teachers without a professional education could not say the same.

• CREATIVE TEACHING OF ASTRONOMY IN PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY EDUCATION

  53-68

  Aziza Samatova

  Magdolna Chrappán

  Views:

  137

  The article presents a study of the relevance of the application of creative methods of teaching astronomy in preschool and primary education in Uzbekistan, especially in the context of the modern development of science and technology. During the study, methods for creative teaching of astronomy were developed and described, aimed at shaping children’s ideas about the modern scientific astronomical picture of the world. The article analyzes the results of pedagogical experiments, which proved that creative teaching of astronomy significantly increases children’s interest in science and contributes to the development of their creative thinking and potential. The main principles of creative teaching of astronomy in preschool and primary education are games, experiments, communication, creativity, and the use of various visualization tools. These methods and principles help children to better understand the theory and scientific facts and enable them to participate in activities. Thus, this article can become the basis for the development of new methods and approaches to teaching astronomy in preschool and primary education, as well as for improving the effectiveness of existing methods.