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THE EXAMINATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES ABOUT THEIR VISION OF FUTURE
57-67Views:1060Background and Objectives: the examination of the vision of the future of young people with learning disabilities it rarely comes into the focus of research (Mártonfi, 2011; Móré and Mező, 2016), though the foundation of a successful, happy life is that everyone can realize themselves according to their own goals. The present study deals with the vision of the future of young people with learning disabilities. Our aim is to find out what have life goals and prospects of young people with learning disabilities. Methods: the participants were youngsters with learning disability attending vocational school (N=46) and their teachers (N=76), and the answers we were evaluated using SPSS, descriptive statistics, and Spearman's rank correlation. Results: The life goals of young people with learning disabilities in vocational schools have a happy life (rs = 0.43), success (rs = 0.45), and work (rs = 0.45), and starting a family is pushed into the background at this age. There is no strong correlation between young people's life goals and further education. According to the opinion of teachers, there is no significant relationship between the success of acquiring a profession and their standing in the labor market. From a life perspective, some educators consider starting a family conceivable for young people with learning disabilities.
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CAREER PLANNING OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
21-30Views:503The study analyzes the possibilities of career planning of young people with Special Educational Needs in Hungary. This topic seems to be especially relevant, as the process of transforming the vocational education system in Hungary (Vocational Education 4.0, 2020) makes it even clearer that the vocational school appears to be the most achievable secondary educational goal for certain groups of students with Special Educational Needs. Skill workers trained in vocational schools could appear in the labor market as potential employees, however, partly because obstacle-free and automatic employment do not always happen after leaving secondary school. Career planning is a possible solution to the problem outlined. The career planning can be supplemented and intertwisted with the preparation of the Individual Transition Plan for young people with Special Educational Needs. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to
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FIRST-GENERATION YOUNG PEOPLE'S CHANCES OF OBTAINING A DEGREE BASED ON A LARGE SAMPLE ANALYSIS
17-30Views:97Thy system of higher education can be analysed from the aspects of inequalities. The chance of attendance, the achievement, the phenomenon of drop-out, and types of training programs are approached from the students’ social background. Our analysis focuses on the chance of graduation of first-in-family people. The relatively rigid feature of Hungarian society and the lower mobility rate create a specific background for our research. Hungarian Youth Survey 2016 and 2020 databases were used during this analysis and we separated the subsample of young people between 25 and 29 (N2016= 2906, N2020=2874). We try to discover the patterns of parents’ educational reproduction, describe the features of first-in-family people, and identify those factors which can form the chance of graduation. A binary regression model was run by us in which the dependent variable was the obtaining of a degree and the list of independent variables contained socio-demographic variables (sex, type of settlement, the economic situation of the region, economic situation, parental educational level, the type of parental profession), different life events (crises, the number of children, etc.) and the identification with the parental lifestyle. With these results, we can identify such an intersectional life situation (being a woman, habitation in cities, more favourable economic situation, mother’s white collar work, medium parental educational level, without children) in which the chance of graduation is higher.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEARNING MOTIVATIONS AND LABOR MARKET EXPECTATIONS
51-63Views:162Publications on student motivation in learning are available in Hungarian as well as in English-language scientific literature. The present study is aiming to focus on the connection between the motivation of learning and finding work in the labor market. The actuality of the topic is based on the fact that young people in front of a career choice mostly apply for higher education and there are only fewer of them willing to learn a profession. Is everyone really that motivated to learn? What are the external and internal factors that motivate the individual to learn? Does family background have an impact on the performance of the student? We have been looking for answers to these questions. According to our primary results, the majority of the examined young adults are willing to continue to study after high-school graduation. That is how they think they will later prevail entering the labor market. The most common specializations chosen are health and economy. At the first place of their learning motivation ranking, we find “want to be successful attitude”.
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STUDENTS FROM ROMA COLLEGES FOR ADVANCED STUDIES IN HAJDÚ-BIHAR COUNTY
41-60Views:177The main objective of the paper is to present students who are members of those kinds of Roma Colleges for Advanced Studies which headquarters can be found in Debrecen. The frame of the study is in connection with research that has been carried out in 2019 and dealt with three Colleges for Advanced Studies with 62 students. The relevance of the topic is given by the fact that by comparing Roma and non-Roma students’ ratio in tertiary education, we can recognize the phenomenon that the proportion of Roma students is still lower. We sought an answer to the question of what factors helped Roma students to achieve success in school. The research questionnaire assessed students’ socio-cultural background, learning motivation, high school experiences, and the ethnic patterns of networks. The theoretical framework of the empirical results is the outcome of the sociological researches that focus on Hungarian Roma children’s educational situation. These were supplemented by the description of the development programs. In the course of analysis, we compare the obtained data with the database of the Hungarian Youth 2016, as a consequence that, we get an idea of the groups of Roma youth for whom tertiary education has become available. One of our research targets includes the comparison of students with or without Roma identity.
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PATTERNS OF STARTING A FAMILY AMONG YOUTH
31-40Views:116More radical changes can be observed when we examine the demographical characteristics of our country. On the one hand, the number of marriages has reduced since 1990 and the number of singles and divorced have increased. People get married and have children later and the number of births is reduced. In our theme, we examined the attitudes which are related to choosing a partner and having children among the youth (15-19 years old) who live in Nyíregyháza. Our data were compared with the results of the national youth research. Our result shows a definitely pro-marriage and child-centered local, young society. According to our results, most of the respondents prefer having two children. Only some of the respondents (5%) would not like to have a baby. Nowadays most singles imagine that they will get married in the future.
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THE ASCEND PROJECT: THE HUNGARIAN RESARCH REPORT OF AN INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATION
43-52Views:105Our experience was that the social participation and active citizenship of young people with disabilities were low in Hungary. It was difficult to involve young people with disabilities in advocacy work at the national or EU level, because they did not recognize discrimination. The other problem was that they were not aware enough of the anti-discrimination systems that protect them. In many cases, they were skeptical about the effectiveness of anti-discrimination systems. We wished to explore and expand their knowledge of the democratic and anti-discrimination systems operating in their country (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, and Slovakia) Central and Eastern Europe. We also wanted to increase their trust in these systems. This was one of the main pillars of the one-year Ascend program locally lead by The National Federation of Organisations of People with a Physical Disability (in short: MEOSZ) In Hungary, the main goal of the study was to examine the phenomenon of discrimination and anti-discrimination in education. In the Hungarian part of the research, we used qualitative methods (focus group interviews, mind maps) for examination.
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RECRUITMENT AND FUTURE ORIENTATION OF DISADVANTEGED CHILDREN
21-38Views:299In Hungary, many children live in state care. In order to curb its social reproduction, it is important to see recruitment: Who are they? Where and why did they get into state care? We have to deal with the future vision, motivation, self-efficacy, cause-attribution, social integration of young people, and their ideas about them. The aim of our research is to explore the differences in the future orientation of disadvantaged young people living in orphanages and families, which were measurable by analyzing their study average, by using a vision questionnaire and a self-report questionnaire to reveal family background, and by using the Tenessee self-image scale. The study involved 60 children and young adults living in an orphanage and 60 children and young adults living in a family. Both groups consist of young people aged between 15 and 20, born between 1999 and 2004. The aim of the study was to compare the future orientation of the disadvantaged children living in an orphanage with the also disadvantaged children attending Arany János Talent Care Program but living in a family, and also to identify the differences or similarities between them. The statistical analysis found that there was a positive correlation between the vision questionnaire and the background questionnaire. Most of the questions in the two questionnaires are related.
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MONITORING AND SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
69-77Views:91Development is a continuous process influenced by several factors. If practitioners would like to ensure children's and young persons' optimal social and emotional development and school performance, they have to monitor both development and academic achievement from early childhood until the age of 19. In the UK, more than one million children struggle with speech, language, and communication problems so early identification is of vital importance. If identification is missed or late, it may have detrimental effects on the child’s or young person’s psychological, mental, and physical health. Multi-agency teams work in collaboration in order to provide relevant help to those in need.
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NEW APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED YOUNG WORKERS: THE PRECARIATE
7-17Views:174The study focuses on the labour-market situation of young graduates utilizing the database of the Hungarian Graduate Tracking System. The purpose of the research is to map certain characteristics of the precarious situation posed by the labor market on this group which is in a rather favorable labor market position in comparison to other groups. The concept of the precariat is defined as a type of labor-market uncertainty, in which unfavorable working conditions, like insecure short-term jobs, fixed-term employment contracts, low wages, etc. are concentrated. In addition to the lack of financial security, these characteristics may lead to general insecurity and in some cases to labor market and social exclusion (LaVaque-Manty 2012, Standing 2012). This analysis focuses on the presence of a precarious condition that creates an insecure labour-market situation among young graduates and it attempts to find the main explanatory variables in the interpretation of this phenomenon. In addition, it investigates whether socio-demographic, socio-cultural characteristics, like gender, marital status, type of qualification (BSc, MSc, or Ph.D. degree), and the type of settlement (village, town, city, etc.) affect success in the labour-market. Preliminary results support previous studies that found women in the labor market were disadvantaged. For example, the proportion of women with a fixed employment contract is higher than men, and the interruption of a labor market career is more characteristic of women. More women gave a positive answer to ”I am not working at the moment although I have previously had a workplace”. This suggests that women are more affected by a less stable and less secure labor market than men.
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The Analysis of Early School Leaving from the Aspect of Inter-Sectionality
19-33Views:70Hungary ranks in the bottom third of the European Union regarding early school leaving, falling further and further away from the EU average year on year. The lower educational attainment and higher drop-out rates of Roma/Gypsy youth have been confirmed by several studies. Still, the descriptions are often two-dimensional, as in international approaches. The Hungarian Youth 2020 database allowed for a wider range of explanatory variables in the analysis. In our study, we examine the educational attainment of Roma youth aged 20-29 and then compare subsamples of Roma and non-Roma dropouts. Finally, we run a binary regression model on the database with early school leaving as the dependent variable and explanatory variables as background variables that may shape the odds of early school leaving. The social and economic backgrounds of Roma and non-Roma ESL learners differed, while parental education and subjective financial situation showed a less favourable pattern for Roma. The effect of Roma identity was significant in the regression model, but the explanatory power did not reach the effect of lower parental education. In other words, ethnic background is a crucial factor in dropout, while some segments of the family background are more significant.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF YOUTH'S HEALTH-RISK LIFESTYLE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THEIR CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
7-20Views:215Health-related, primarily lifestyle-associated activities are increasingly emphasized in the lives of young people and their cultural communities. The aim of the research is to explore behavioral strategies that maintain health and to understand those societies and the environmental factors that predispose risk behaviors. The questionnaire includes items about demographics, lifestyle, family and school environment, and health risk factors. Participants are 280 youngsters from the 11-12th graders of Târgu-Mureş and Eger. The study was conducted in February 2011 on a stratified sample using a self-completed questionnaire method. Our results showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of life satisfaction, frequency of alcohol consumption, but also in terms of family support, school acceptance, and teachers' attitudes toward students. We found gender differences in health-related self-esteem, subjective body image, body weight control, frequency, and amount of alcohol consumption, but also in school attitudes, time spent with friends.
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THREATS OF THE VIRTUAL WORLD AND CURRENT ISSUES OF CHILD PROTECTION
61-72Views:721As a result of technological changes, the Internet and ICT-tools have become available to almost anyone, and the usage among young people is nearly continuous. Therefore, the communication habits of young people have changed, and they also face the dangers of the digital world. This risk can be internet addiction, deception, or cyber-bullying. In our paper, we have focused on cyber-bullying. Firstly, we analyze the effects of digital transformation. Later on, we present the dangers of cyber-bullying by using large-scale research results. Thereafter, we describe the possibilities of child protection in dealing with and preventing this problem.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE RECREATIONAL CONSUMPTION HABITS OF DISABLED CHILDREN LIVING IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAIN REGION
31-39Views:172In our research, we studied the leisure habits of students with disabilities (8-18 years, n = 289) living in the North Great Plain region using a questionnaire method. The aim of the research was to examine the leisure habits of children with disabilities in the region, their main characteristics, and their recreational attitudes. Our goal was also the gender test to see whether there was a significant difference between the sexes and how this correlated with the results of the study of leisure habits in the wild. We sought to find out what the most common leisure time activities for general and high school students with disabilities are, how does this affect genders? What is their attitude towards spending time on leisure? What are their sporting habits and sporting consumption? We have found that the recreational consumption of young people with disabilities is similar to the results of surveys carried among normal children as passive leisure time is dominant (listening to music, watching TV). In girls' leisure time, the preference for listening and reading is more dominant while watching TV, especially popular sports channels are more characteristic of boys. For leisure-time activities, staying fit, trying out new things, and community experience is crucial for young people with disabilities. Recreational sports prove to be popular, as more than 50% of both girls and boys say they are engaged in recreational sports.
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INVESTIGATION OF RECREATIONAL CONSUMER HABITS AMONG HUNGARIAN YOUNG ADULTS
33-44Views:1040Background: In our modern world the importance of how are we able to spend our leisure time is getting more and more significant. This approach is particularly important regarding youngsters. The generations of Y and Z are mainly mobile and they all were born in the world determined by electronics, where everything can be accessed and managed online via the internet. Because of this comfort, leisure time has been more passive, and unfortunately, the physical activity has not had recently as important significance as it was before. Results: Our paper conducted a survey about the leisure time habits of young adults and youngsters under 30 years old age. The results were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software, we looked at baseline statistics and performed a Chi2 test with a gamma coefficient in a cross-table analysis. The focus has been placed on revealing potential differences in residence and net monthly income per capita. The results confirmed that respondents in the capital are more likely to engage in daily sports activities, while those who are living in villages are more likely to spend their free time with physical activity. Conclusion: We found that there is no justification for the big difference between one's leisure time spending and income. Outdoor activities received lower ratings from respondents with a net monthly income of fewer than 100,000 Ft per person.
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SHAPING YOUTH ATTITUDES TOWARDS PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES – RESEARCH REPORT
65-86Views:212The objective of this article is to present the results of studies on attitudes of secondary school students towards people with physical disabilities. The research was conducted among pupils of high schools, technicians, and professional schools in Poland. On the basis of the results of the research, it can be stated that the attitudes of young people towards people with physical disabilities vary (from negative to very positive). Moreover, attitudes towards people with physical disabilities are related to knowledge about physical disability and perception of parents' attitudes towards people with physical disabilities.
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THE SOCIAL INTEGRATION AND SOCIAL MOBILITY: AN EXAMPLE FROM HODÁSZ
Views:100The paper examines the social mobility process of Romani youngsters in a settlement that is in one of the most disadvantaged regions of Hungary. Hodász became the centre of interest due to the relevant research concerning the mobility issue, because here, just contrary to the communities have similar sociocultural features, there are number of young Romani who could stand out by learning. The author interprets in wider aspects the determinative local norms, and the scale of values of local Vlach Romani community make possible for lots of local youngsters, that they can be graduated. In the second part of the paper the reader can understand the intellectual career by three studies, and consequently the social integration doesn’t automatically yield social mobility. In the situational analyses of Hodász example can be circumscribed the specific preconditions of intellectual career in the case of the young Romani and disadvantageous.
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THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN EMPLOYMENT AMONG UNDERGRADUATES
7-19Views:332The role of the family as the arena for primary socialization is significant throughout our lives. The cultural capital, parental role models, and relationship with siblings all have a tremendous impact on academic and non-academic achievement, social networking, intra- and intergenerational embeddedness, and employment during studies. However, a change in family structure can negatively affect a child’s development, decrease his or her academic and non-academic achievement (Engler, 2016), and also causes a higher prevalence of health risk behaviours (Kovács and Nagy, 2017). In addition, due to the lower level of financial capital provided by the family, young people who have grown up in a non-intact family structure are often forced to work during their university or even high school studies to ensure their self-preservation. In our research, we examined the attitudes of the students studying at the University of Debrecen towards family and work in the light of the family structure, covering childhood storytelling experiences (BEST 2020). In addition to demographic issues, changes in family structure, childhood storytelling habits, and work-related attitudes were examined (N=159). 25.6% of the students’ parents are divorced, 24.3% grew up with their mother. 86.5% of the parents read tales in childhood, mostly (75%) every day, typically mothers. No significant difference could have been detected in childhood storytelling experiences based on family structure (p=0.322). Although the ratio of employment is higher among children of divorced parents, a significant difference is found at the beginning of employment. Based on the results, parents try to support university studies at least partly, but they are unlikely able to provide other resources that could force students to work. Based on our results, it can be stated that the role of the family in the early employment of young people is also significant, and the change in the family structure increases the proportion of employment besides university studies, which is mainly due to the family's financial situation.
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STUDENT’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY
7-15Views:549Several studies have shown that integrated education has advantages in students’ social development and accepted attitude development (Meyer, Park, Grenot-Scheyer, Schwartz & Harry, 1998). The studies about the integrated education had been traced for several decades, our research is based on the CATCH (Chedoke-McMaster Attitudes Towards Children with Handicaps Scale) questionnaire (Rosenbaum, 1985) which instrument had been used in several international studies as well (Tirosh, 1997; Vignes, 2008; Godeau 2010; Bosseart, 2011; De Laat, 2013, Schwab, 2017). Our major aim is to map the adolescent youth, their attitudes towards children with special treatment. The questionnaire was based on the three-component model of attitudes proposed by Triandis (1971). This 36-item, the self-administered scale was primarily paper-based, but our adaptation is placed on the online form. The participants of the study were 7th-grade students (N=99) The overall reliability of the test was satisfactory (Cronbach-α= 0,856). In the content analysis, we found two items that were significantly negative and four items which were not significant, those leaving the KMO= 0,809 (KMO>6), therefore suitable for factor analysis. The results show that, however in our sample, these three-component factors aren’t so clear, the test is reliable. There are some subtests that call for a revision, and we will need further researches to develop our assessment tool to make it more reliable and valid.
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CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL PROCESSES IN SÁP
49-56Views:79Our research conducted in Sáp is a part of a longer, multiple-part research series, in which we will identify the main social features and map the current social processes in the less populous settlements of the more deprived regions of the country in particular. Basically, the aim of our research is to understand and present the perspective of the local people. The decisive criterion for the selection of research sites was that the smaller settlements of these peripheral regions are subject to rather unfavourable socio-demographic processes, including in particular the decline in the population, aging, and the increase in the share of the disadvantaged population. These processes – unless there are significant changes – project an even more unfavourable vision of the future. The adverse socio-demographic processes described above are observable in Sáp. Related to this, the primary objective of the research was to understand the opportunities, goals, and vision of the local youth most affected by migration, as well as to recognize the local community relations and the characteristics of cohabitation of the Roma and non-Roma population in particular.
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PETER PANS? - OR: IS THERE A KIND OF 'OPENING THE GATE' PANIC IN THE CASES OF YOUNGERS LEAVING VOCATIONAL TRAINING?
39-62Views:641The study examines the Peter Pan Syndrome and the Quarterlife Crisis, two well-known phenomena which occur among young adults finishing their vocational training.
The key questions are: Why do they happen? Why at this time? Do they really exist or are they just some types of avoidance strategies? What circumstances cause their emergence? Are there any age-related factors that may predispose their occurrence? Are there any gender differences in their appearance?
Answering these questions I have come to the conclusion that instead of the Peter Pan Syndrome what we face is rather a special state of crisis caused by the life cycle transition.
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PROFESSIONAL RECOMMENDATION FOR THE TRAVELING TEACHER’S WHO ARE WORKING WITH THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED AND HABILITATION PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT HIGH – SCHOOLER
101-107Views:128At the beginning of high school studies where visually impaired with young people have to outbrave with much daily difficultly. Orientation in the institution about high school ‘s rhythms higher class sizes and higher levels of attitudes and methods that require more independent thinking by class teachers are more challenging to them than their good companions. Particularly heavier situations are encountered by young people with visually impaired who have been studying in a segregated institution in previous years, where they have completed their studies in a smaller class community, an educator, a specialized tool, and individual development assistants. The travel ambulance service ensures that this supportive assistance is provided in an integrated environment both for students with visually impaired and secondary school teachers
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SPORTING MOTIVATIONS OF STUDENTS WHO LIVE WITH DISABILITIES, IN THE LIGHT OF A REGIONAL RESEARCH
35-44Views:279Among the sports motivations of children, victory occupies a very special place, success, achievement, the need to recognize performance, which predominantly expresses extrinsic orientation (Duda et al., 1992). Studies examining sports motivational factors for people with disabilities do not provide such a comprehensive system as research on intact sports. Thus, the survey of exercise habits and sports motivation factors that determine the quality of life of people with disabilities can be said to be a deficit area both domestically and internationally. The research examines the sports motivation factors of the 8-18 age group (n = 1158) and reports the results of primary research. I present the adaptation of the questionnaire conducted among the Hungarian disabled population to a child sample and its results. No such survey has yet been conducted in Hungary among children with disabilities. In the questionnaire research, the sports habits of young people with disabilities and the emergence of the role of health awareness in sports motivation. I process the data with the help of SPSS software, in addition to the basic statistics, I use the Chi2 test to examine the correlations.
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ASSESSMENT OF THE ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONING LEVEL OF STUDENTS WITH MODERATE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY USING THE VINELAND SOCIAL MATURITY SCALE
25-38Views:147Background and aim: Individuals with intellectual disability are expected to have significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour, which affect the individual's ability to cope with social and practical situations. The present study is concerned with the assessment of the adaptive functioning of young people with moderate intellectual disability, which is part of a more complex study (this study will investigate the impact of adaptive functioning levels of students with moderate intellectual disability on parents' subjective perceptions). Method: the study presents the results of the assessment of adaptive functioning of students with moderate intellectual disability (n=9) using the Vineland Social Competence Scale. Results: the social age of the students in the study is significantly below their age, especially in the areas of communication, socialisation, and self-management. The study confirms previous findings (Hatos, 2008; Radványi, 2001) and highlights the need for teachers of students with moderate intellectual disabilities to develop these skills.
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CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL PROCESSES IN TISZALÖK
95-104Views:139Our research conducted in Tiszalök is a part of a longer, multiple part research series, in which we will identify the main social features and map the current social processes in the less populous settlements of the more deprived regions of the country in particular. Basically, the aim of our research is to understand and present the perspective of the local people. The decisive criterion for the selection of research sites was that the smaller settlements of these peripheral regions are subject to rather unfavorable socio-demographic processes, including in particular the decline in the population, aging, and the increase in the share of the disadvantaged populations. These processes – unless there are significant changes – project an even more unfavorable vision of the future. The adverse socio-demographic processes described above are definitely observable in Tiszalök. Related to this, the primary objective of the research was to understand the opportunities, goals, and vision of the local youth most affected by migration, as well as to recognize the local community relations and the characteristics of cohabitation of the Roma and non-Roma population in particular.