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THE ROLE AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MOVEMENT DEVELOPMENT IN THE SPECIAL EDUCATION
101-112Views:3592The essence of man is movement. It is true that the need for exercise varies at different age stages, but movement and its developmental role and positive impact accompany us throughout our lives. Movement development determines the development of the abilities of healthy and disabled children, which is manifested in the improvement of not only motor but also cognitive abilities. In our article, we present the theoretical foundations of movement development and development by analyzing secondary literature. We highlight and present the methodological features related to movement development that can be used in the field of special education, which can help children with special needs or disabilities to overcome their ability disadvantages.
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The Experiences of Motor Development in Preschool Children Diagnosed Early with Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Parents’ Perspective
81-94Views:579The movement and the developmental of motor skills is a crucial role for every child, as motor and cognitive states and development are closely interconnected. Preschool years represent a particularly important period for motor development, as the motor skills and abilities developed during this time are decisive for the entire later life. This study addresses the characteristics of movement and the effectiveness of interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder, examined from the parents' perspective. The investigation, based on personal interviews (n=28), involved parents raising children who were diagnosed early with autism spectrum disorder. The data obtained from the interviews we were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods, including frequency and content analysis, to identify recurring patterns and individual differences. Through thematic coding and categorization of responses, three main themes we were identified: 1) Characteristics of motor functions, 2) The significance of early diagnosis, 3) Development and developmental interventions.
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Research of Factors Influencing the Physical Activity Components of 14-18 Year Old Secondary School Students in Hajdúböszörmény
111-124Views:273Over the past decade and a half, the number of studies exploring the characteristics of physical activity has increased significantly. Many scientific papers have already highlighted the positive effects of regular physical activity. In our research, we conducted an age and gender representative study of secondary school students in Hajdúböszörmény, taking into account external and internal factors influencing physical activity. We used a questionnaire survey (N=302). The questions examined, in addition to sociodemographic data, the components of physical activity, its external and internal motivational background. We used a statistical analysis program (SPSS Statistics 25.0) to organise the questionnaire data and performed the appropriate statistical tests. External factors influencing physical activity (effects of educational institutions, parental pattern, friendship pattern, income, housing, amount of leisure time) were interpreted in relation to gender and age groups within the age group, using a self-made questionnaire. The PALMS (Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale) questionnaire was used to map intrinsic motivational factors (physical fitness, physical appearance, psychological well-being, personal development, social relationships, expectations of others, enjoyment, competition with others) affecting secondary school students. In our research, we looked for correlations between different motivational factors and an individual's physical activity. Identifying the extrinsic motives for physical activity is desirable to increase the effectiveness of preventive physical activity programmes. The results suggest that the effects of time spent in educational institutions (primary and secondary school) have only a small influence on the physical activity of the population studied, which may be a warning sign for professionals working in the field of physical education. The characteristics of the study sample are in line with the results of national surveys (physical activity levels, gender differences). In terms of motivational factors, it can be concluded that improving health (especially physical health) is a priority, which is particularly important as the past years have had a negative impact on the physical activity of the population of Hajdúböszörmény. The rejection of external factors is a general phenomenon, which can also be explained by the age characteristics of the persons surveyed, and may be related to a high degree of autonomy.
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COLLEGE STUDENT’S LIFE STYLE AND THEIR ATTITUDE TO SPORTS
19-27Views:338The authors study by using questionnaires the amount of time spent by college students at the Applied Humanities and Pedagogy Faculty of Szent István University (n=127) on body hygiene, sleeping, meal, participation in lessons, active-passive exploitation of free time. Results: Meal – the students consume in great amount chocolates, chips while their fruit and vegetable consummation seem backward. Move – the proportion of students doing regular physical education is no more than 21 %, 55% are not involved in any sporting activities, 13 % do not like anybody's movement. Others – 39 % of the students spent more than 1-2 hours daily in front of a computer or TV set. The results suggest that in the teacher candidates’ scale of values the place of health falls too much behind.
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Review of book of "Movement therapies for children" by Zsuzsanna Papp
105-107Views:144Review of book of "Movement therapies for children" by Zsuzsanna Papp.
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ACTIVITY, LEISURE SPORTS
49-58Views:1006Nowadays sedentary lifestyle is at the forefront. In our spare time, both passive and active recreational trends and activities appear. The role of leisure sports is getting more and more appreciated among health-conscious consumers. Several studies proved that regular sports activities are projective factors against lifestyle-dependent diseases, so they are excellent means of prevention. Methods: Our study examined the leisure habits of Romanian and Hungarian residents, their activity in sport, their attitude towards active recreation activities, and their openness to new methods. The results were analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: The results underline that passive leisure activities (watching television, listening to music, reading, surfing the internet) are popular in people's lives, although most people live a sedentary lifestyle. People, who exercise in their free time have noticed a number of positive effects on themselves. 80-90% of respondents interested in new methods and would like to take part in sports events at work, at school, or at university.
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„YOU DO IT QUIETLY, YOU HELP AND THAT'S IT.” THE EXPERIENCE OF VOLUNTEERING THROUGH A CASE EXAMPLE
89-106Views:172The largest population movement in the history of Europe since the Second World War has been the migration process of recent years, which also appeared in Hungary in 2015. The significant demographic movement has resulted in important social reactions and has developed different narratives in the civil and also in the power fields. In Hungary, the refugee issue has become a decisive topic of political discourse since 2015, and the party coalition was among the first in Europe to represent the security policy. As a result, the refugees appeared as a source of danger, so the government has rejected them. In spite of this, the grassroots volunteer groups were organized in the civil sphere, who helped the refugee masses passing through Hungary in 2015. This paper analyses a very brief but very intense manifestation of Hungarian civil society involvement as a social response to current conflicts. We will look at how the 2015 migration wave grassroots crisis management took place in Debrecen. This cultural anthropological research is based on online and offline participatory observations and semi-structured interviews and informal conversations with volunteers who helped refugees in Debrecen. This study focuses on the motivations, attitudes, social responsibility of volunteers and their voluntary activity embedded in broader socio-political conditions. The first part of the article shows the formation and operational peculiarities of solidarity philanthropic organization with refugees in Debrecen. Then follows the individual aspects of volunteering. Finally, it will be discussed the socio-political context of the civil voluntary movement, the political interpretations of refugee assistance, and its impact on volunteering. With outlining a segment of the contemporary volunteer phenomenon we can get closer to provide a framework for understanding the possibilities of the recent civil sphere.
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RESEARCH ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE SUBJECTIVE SENSE OF HEALTH AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
51-64Views:732A number of methods have evolved for assessing our health in parallel with the expansion of scientific knowledge. Medicine describes our health through objective methods and measurable variables. Of course, we also have an image of our own state of health, which, for all its subjectivity, is a good indicator of our physical and mental processes. Our sense of health can be a genuine reflection of our state of health, which directly and indirectly affects our professional/academic performance. We have a constantly expanding knowledge of the beneficial effects of the increase in physical activity on health, and its mechanism of action can be interpreted from a number of aspects. The examination of the health and physical activity of the secondary school age group provides useful information for individuals, parents, and those working in the field of education (education policymakers and educators). In this research, we examined the relationship between the level of physical activity (relative to the recommendations of WHO) and the sense of the health of high school students, their school performance, and the appearance of various emotional factors. Then we complimented it with a study of the motivational background for those aged 14 to 18. During the analysis, we identified a significant link between high levels of physical activity and the high quantified value associated with the sense of health. We found no significant correlation between academic performance and physical activity levels. We experienced a significant relationship between emotional factors when comparing the categories of happiness, mood, energy, as well as sadness, and fatigue with physical activity. Among the motivators for exercise, the improvement of physical condition is prominent, and this age group clearly rejects the expectations of others. It is also instructive for those working in the field of physical education that the experience of exercise is critical for members of the age group.
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ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG THE POPULATION OF HAJDÚBÖSZÖRMÉNY OVER 65 YEARS OF AGE
67-76Views:431The importance of physical activity is increasingly recognized by many people, both laymen, and professionals. Regular exercise at all ages contributes to strengthening the different dimensions of health. Ideally, physical activity is integrated into our lives from an early age, however, based on public health indicators, unfortunately, the opposite trend is to be seen in Hungary. One of the most striking features of demographic processes is the continuous increase in the number and proportion of the elderly population. In an ageing society, it is crucial to maintain good health conditions for people over 65 for the following reasons: to improve the quality of life of the individual, to reduce health expenditures, and because of the inevitably increased number of elderly in the labour market. National demographic changes are just as characteristic in Hajdúböszörmény, so it is worth examining the components of the physical activity of the local population. The aim of our research is to explore the characteristics of exercising related to work, transport, household work, and leisure sports. Unfortunately, as well as the amount, the quality of the population’s time spent exercising is below international recommendations. Mapping the exercising motives of the elderly confirmed our assumption that the preservation of physical and mental health is the main drive behind the activity of the target group.
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REHABILITATION IN PRACTICE — INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENTAL PLAN MODEL
77-100Views:637How can we create individual a development plan, a lesson plan, and a development board? This methodological study shows the sample documents and gives recommendations about the development of general knowledge, attention, vocabulary, linguistic layout, movement and rhythm, counting and measurement, reading and writing, spatial, planar and time orientation, body schema, speech, analytic and synthetic thinking, psychosocial rehabilitation and learning technics.
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THE PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIMENT OF MONTESSORI-CONDUCTIVE EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE 2000-2003
11-23Views:568The researchers call Montessori's pedagogy developer or development pedagogy. In the past decade, in Hungary, it appeared as a development pedagogy in the pedagogical practice. The conductive education is a special, complex pedagogical method [6] because it takes into consideration special educational needs in planning and implementation. We can view Mária Montessori's method as a development pedagogical method because it's suitable for children with special educational needs. Her pedagogical work began with children with intellectual disabilities. The Montessori development method has not yet occurred in conductive education. With our research, we wanted to broaden the use of the Montessori method in the practice of special education and development pedagogy. We wanted to confirm the similarity and difference of the holistic approach of the two doctor-pedagogues. It's explicable with Pető's holistic approach, why didn't entrust the development of perception, speech, motion, and communication difficulties to people working in different places and time. We introduced the Montessori conductive educational practice experimentally in the semesters of 2000-2003 and 2007-2008, in accordance with the student's college education. The purpose of the program was to demonstrate the practical application of the elements of the two methods and their coordinated operation.
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Theory of the Diversity of Alternative Music Pedagogy Methods
67-75Views:329Our music education is based on the concept of Zoltán Kodály and the methodological guidance of Katalin Forrai in early childhood, which is an indispensable foundation and support for Hungarian music education. The method uses fundamental values to develop children's musical skills and abilities. At about the same time, music teachers throughout Europe were engaged in reforming the structure and methodological tools of music teaching. Among these music teachers, I would like to highlight the pedagogy of Dalcrose, Orff, Willems and Freinet, who successfully applied early childhood music education and the development of children with special educational needs in their programmes. Based on their pedagogy and methods, they agreed on the following principles: musical education should start as early as possible, continuous musical activity (singing, rhythm, listening, movement, improvisation, instrument, listening) should be given priority, and in addition to age-specific characteristics, adequate emphasis should be given to individual talents, since the uneven development of psychic abilities can lead to differences in levels within a single age group over several years. Music can develop empathy and social skills. Through rhythms and harmonies, the development of large and fine movements can be achieved. It is beneficial for thinking, creativity, self-expression and the development of the sense of self. Music improves well-being, concentration and actively helps to develop attention. It leads to openness and flexibility. It also has a powerful effect on speech, imagination and improvisation skills. That is why we can use music for healing and developmental purposes. There is a long line of research that proves that the earlier in life you start to develop, develop or correct your personality through music, the earlier you should start.