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I Move, Therefore I Am: An Arts Programme for Equality of Opportunity
151-161Views:216The study presents the adaptation and investigation of an art program tailored to the developmental focus of children/students with intellectual disabilities. Klára Kokas's music reception method is well-known to music teachers. The structure of the ritual-like sessions is constant, while the content varies, and it includes several creative elements—creative singing, improvisational dance, and visual creation. With modifications, this technique may be suitable for the language development of students with intellectual disabilities. From the art program, the improvisational movement and dance—among the creative components of the Kokas method—were retained, following motivating and engaging preliminary singing that differed from the original Kokas instructions. Instead of creative singing, the emphasis was placed on incorporating ritual elements adopted from folk tradition, which are tailored to the structure of the specific abilities of the participants. The musicality and cathartic effect of folk rhymes and children's games do not contradict Kokas pedagogy; rather, they harmonize with it. Their repetition provides security for the participants, and the recurring elements act with the joy of recognition. Visual creation was omitted due to time constraints imposed by the 45-minute school class structure. The study is based on modern theoretical frameworks, e.g., the principle of transfer, the theory of Embodied Cognition, and the OPERA theory.
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Equal Access to Education
73-86Views:71This study analyzes access to education and public services for persons with disabilities in Hungary, with a particular focus on students with special educational needs (SEN), within the framework of the historical evolution of human rights generations. It provides a comprehensive review of the latest legal frameworks—including the Act on National Public Education (Nkt.), the Act on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Fotv.), and the Decree on Settlement Planning and Building Requirements (TÉK)—as well as the strategic directions of the National Disability Program (2026–2036). The author illustrates the progression from basic civil liberties and social security toward complex special education service delivery, emphasizing the critical role of the paradigm shift in achieving full-scale inclusion.
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ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SPORT OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES, I. E.: IS THE SPORT IMPORTANT IN THE LIVES OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES?
19-34Views:957The equal opportunities approach of the second half of the 20th century emphasizes the social inclusion of disadvantaged groups, including persons with disabilities. Education and employment play a key role in achieving integration. Nevertheless, other fields such as leisure time and sporting activities also contribute positively to the social involvement of persons with disabilities. At present nearly 7,000 persons with disabilities are registered in Hungary who pursue sports competitively, of whom approximately 5,000 persons with intellectual disabilities (Regényi et.al, 2017). The study discloses the partial results of a research aimed at revealing the awareness of the Hungarian population regarding the sport of people with disabilities. As such research has never been carried out in Hungary before, it can fill in a niche. The results of our exploratory research may be the starting point for further investigations. The importance of the topic is given by the fact that thanks to the sport the focus is on the outstanding performance of the social group concerned rather than on their limitations and deficiencies, which therefore reinforces the positive and accepting attitude of citizens. Previous research findings have highlighted that the nature of disability-related knowledge influences the way the members of society think about persons with disabilities, i.e. when it is possible to provide information and gain experience focusing on the existing abilities and strengths of the above -mentioned group, attitudes become more positive as well. The findings of the research reveal that respondents consider it important to pursue sport within an integrated framework, at the same time they feel it is justified to do segregated sports with a view to persons with disabilities. Based on the results we can state that the media coverage of achievements in sports competitions of persons with disabilities is perceived as low level, but apparently it is not considered to be a key area in the lives of persons with disabilities.
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ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE
29-38Views:297We decided to describe the birth process of the electronic signature in a pure, easily understandable format from the start of the paper signature. The history and laws of both handwritten and electronic signatures can be met from the main milestones in our paper. We would have liked to create an introduction about e-signature for our other paper of Electra Signature project. This project builds up a possible solution to create an e-signature.
Nowadays, the chance of electronic official administration is the very actual theme because it also can help to the special needed people and their helpers, not only general citizens. Mostly, it can help disabled people to make official administration easier, more comfortable at home via the internet. This opportunity highlights how we can help them to live a complete life in the electronic official administration environments too. -
THE AIM AND EFFECT SYSTEM OF CONDUCTIVE EDUCATION, I.E.THE PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING THE ORTHOFUNCTION
73-93Views:563This study is aimed to introduce the position and the necessity of conductive education in the education, instruction, and development of persons with motor disabilities. The primary aim of conductive education is to improve the quality of life of individuals living with disabilities of central nervous origin. For this purpose, a specific effect system has been developed in the past 70 years which guarantees the efficiency of the method. Its concept of humankind is holistic which is reflected also by the complexity of the education process. Rehabilitation is approached from the aspect of pedagogy, thus it is seen as learning and re-learning and this is manifested in every minute of the daily routine. In the present study, the interrelations within the goal and effect system of conductive education are analyzed through the specialist literature of conductive education written in Hungarian as part of complex theoretical research. During the analysis, the author aspired to identify and separate the factors of conductive education, to analyze their functioning and to explore the underlying principles, which offers the opportunity for theoretical-academic modeling. The meaning of the terms orthofunction and dysfunction is examined in a separate chapter of the study with regard to their impact on the target setting and the effect system.
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HR TOOLS SUPPORTING EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
7-17Views:437Hungarian statistical surveys, as well as previous research, point out the disadvantages experienced by persons with disability and a reduced work capacity on the labour market, due to which their employment falls behind the employment of the average population. In the background of these drawbacks, there are partially negative attitudes in the society and among employers which are based on prejudices. On the other hand, in the course of the integration and permanent employment of persons with disability and a reduced work capacity not only the accepting attitude of employers but also that of employees is essential. Employment policy instruments may facilitate the economic activity of the disadvantaged labour market groups but they may need their employers to help them further with employment, integration and work. The expected or received help of the open labour market or its degree do not always meet. No empirical research has been done into this topic yet. The aim of my research is to explore the attitude, approach, and knowledge of workers in social institutions in three districts of Hajdú-Bihar county and of the inhabitants in these districts regarding persons with disability and reduced work capacity. Questionnaire research was conducted, and altogether 747 persons (408 workers at social institutes and 339 citizens) were interviewed. The present study focuses on the exploratory-like results of the research which reveal the test groups’ familiarity with and knowledge of the application of those HR management tools that can further the employment of persons with reduced work capacity. The study assesses the results based on the following variables: sex, school qualification, position, previously gained knowledge about the reduced work capacity and work experience with persons with reduced work capacity. The results of the research suggest that for persons with a reduced work capacity the organisations mainly ensure the personalised field of work, preferential working hours, and accessible work environment, but it is not certain to be enough for the permanent employment of the target group as due to their mobility difficulties they would really need support to get to their work as well.
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Moving the Soul –The Power of Sport in Promoting Inclusion
129-137Views:117Social responsibility and an inclusive approach in higher education are no longer merely value-based aspirations but professional quality criteria. On the occasion of the Hungarian Parasport Day, the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Debrecen joined the FODISZ “Lélekmozgató” program and organized theoretical and practical awareness-raising sessions for students majoring in recreation and sport management. The aim of the program was to provide participants with a deeper understanding of sport opportunities for persons with disabilities and the professional relevance of inclusive thinking through experiential learning. The theoretical component of the event focused on the social role of parasport, the values of perseverance and human performance, and the presentation of inspiring athlete life stories. During the practical sessions, students had the opportunity to try adapted sports activities – including sitting volleyball, blindfold fencing, and fine motor skill development tasks – which fostered empathy, cooperation, and conscious program planning through personal experience. Based on participants’ feedback, the event not only shaped attitudes but also contributed to strengthening students’ professional identity. Participants reflected more consciously on the importance of inclusive program design, accessibility considerations, and responsible organizational attitudes. The program highlighted that inclusivity is not a separate task but a fundamental principle in the work of sport and recreation professionals. Such experiential awareness-raising initiatives can contribute in the long term to the development of inclusive sport communities and to the promotion of social equity.