Previously unknown occurrences of Buglossoides rochelii (Friv.) Stoyanov, Mátis & Sennikov (≡ Lithospermum rochelii Friv.) have been identified in the Pannonian Plain, based on field investigations and a critical revision of the genus Buglossoides in the major herbarium collections of Hungary and Serbia. In both its eastern range and the Pannonian Basin, the species predominantly occurs as a psammophyte. This paper summarizes its historical distribution in Hungary and Serbia, and provides new data on the current status of its habitats and populations in Serbia.