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Alföldi szélsőségesen száraz homoki gyepek domináns és gyepgazdálkodási szempontból fontos Festuca fajainak áttekintő és összehasonlító elemzése
3-12Megtekintések száma:19A Kárpát-medencében is előforduló, keskenylevelű Festuca fajok azon taxonjai közül az extrém száraz alföldi élőhelyeken elsős sorban olyan fajok találhatók meg amelyek gyűrűs szkelrenchimával rendelkeznek vagy gyűrűssé válik a vegetációs időszak végére. Elsősorban ez a Festuca vaginata fajt jelenti. Az utóbbi időszak kutatási eredményei alapján emellett több faj is megtalálható itt, a Festuca pseudovaginata, Festuca tomanii. Ezen fajok gyepgazdálkodási szempontból is fontosak, hiszem gyepalkotók. E fajok összehasonlító elemzését adjuk meg, áttekintő jelleggel a kéziratban. Kritikai áttekintés adunk a fajok eddigi közléseiről. A három faj morfológiai adatait is összehasonítjuk azzal a céllal, hogy megállapítsuk, mely morfológia bélyegek a legalkalmasabbak a fajok elkülönítésére. Megadtuk a 3 faj irodalmi áttekintését is. A három faj elkülönítésére a csúcsi és a leghosszabb bugaág 4. füzérke pozíciónak bizonyultak a legjobb elkülönítő morfológiai paramétereknek. A füzérkékben a külső toklászok hosszának elemzésekor a 2. virág a legmegbízhatóbb, amit a határozásnál is érdemes alkalmazni.
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Melyek lehetnek az alföldi szélsőségesen száraz gyepekben, takarmánybázist adó gyepgazdálkodási és állategészségi szempontból fontos pázsitfüvek?
13-19Megtekintések száma:13Pannon-medence Festuca taxonjai a speciális éghajlati és talajviszonyokhoz való környezeti alkalmazkodás és a növénynemzetségen belüli genetikai sokféleség gyönyörű példái. Kiválóan alkalmazkodtak a legeltetéses mezőgazdasági hasznosításhoz és a nyári aszályokhoz is, melyek után kiváló regenerációs képességük segíti a megújulásukat. Ezek miatt, illetve hatalmas területi arányuk miatt nemzetgazdasági jelentőségük is nagy. Genetikai potenciáljuk felhasználásához azonban kulcsfontosságú az egyes taxonok genetikai alapon történő elkülönítése. Két fontos szempontot figyelembe véve – az aszállyal és a sós talajjal való megküzdést – adunk egy áttekintést.
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A gyepek helyreállításának lehetőségei különböző élőhelyeken, különböző legelő állatokkal: Áttekintő esettanulmányok III: Juhlegelők
47-52Megtekintések száma:18From a land-use perspective, sheep grazing is primarily justified on sites of lower soil productivity. This is due to the grazing behaviour of sheep, characterised by selective feeding and close cropping. Such grazing promotes the development of a diverse vegetation structure, which is of high conservation value. However, under prolonged overgrazing, undesirable plant species may proliferate within the sward. The present review seeks to identify, in general terms, which species tend to become dominant on sheep pastures and which species are likely to spread under intensive grazing. Investigations carried out across several Hungarian landscape types yielded comparable results. Under high grazing pressure, Lolium perenne, Cynodon dactylon and Hordeum hystrix typically became dominant. By contrast, under low grazing pressure, Festuca pseudovina was generally found to prevail.
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A gyepek helyreállításának lehetőségei különböző élőhelyeken, különböző legelő állatokkal: Áttekintő esettanulmányok II: Kecskelegelők
43-46Megtekintések száma:16In this summary overview, we present the findings of phytosociological surveys conducted in vegetation types subjected to goat grazing—excluding the control meadows—across seven different study sites in addition to four settlements located in Transdanubia and the North Hungarian Mountains. The areas are also evaluated from a grassland management perspective. Furthermore, we explored the potential use of two invasive species (Solidago gigantea and Calamagrostis epigeios) as goat fodder, and we included a mown meadow as a control. The primary aim was to assess the species richness and ecological value of these areas under varying levels of grazing pressure and grassland management strategies, particularly in terms of conservation and pasture use.
The most degraded plant communities were observed in Nagyréde and Kaposdada, where overgrazing had occurred. This was evident in species composition, as these areas were the least species-rich and showed significant infestation by ruderal species. In contrast, the most favorable outcomes—both for conservation and for grassland management—were found in sites that were initially mown and subsequently grazed by goats. The results suggest that vegetation types developed under light grazing pressure were more beneficial from a grazing perspective. Overall, the study indicates that a combination of light grazing and mowing is the most suitable management approach for maintaining and utilizing these semi-dry grasslands sustainably.
Additionally, both invasive species may have potential for use as fodder when harvested at appropriate phenological stages and supplemented with additional feed, although not for meat production purposes.
In this summary overview, we present the findings of phytosociological surveys conducted in vegetation types subjected to goat grazing—excluding the control meadows—across seven different study sites in addition to four settlements located in Transdanubia and the North Hungarian Mountains. The areas are also evaluated from a grassland management perspective. Furthermore, we explored the potential use of two invasive species (Solidago gigantea and Calamagrostis epigeios) as goat fodder, and we included a mown meadow as a control. The primary aim was to assess the species richness and ecological value of these areas under varying levels of grazing pressure and grassland management strategies, particularly in terms of conservation and pasture use.
The most degraded plant communities were observed in Nagyréde and Kaposdada, where overgrazing had occurred. This was evident in species composition, as these areas were the least species-rich and showed significant infestation by ruderal species. In contrast, the most favorable outcomes—both for conservation and for grassland management—were found in sites that were initially mown and subsequently grazed by goats. The results suggest that vegetation types developed under light grazing pressure were more beneficial from a grazing perspective. Overall, the study indicates that a combination of light grazing and mowing is the most suitable management approach for maintaining and utilizing these semi-dry grasslands sustainably.
Additionally, both invasive species may have potential for use as fodder when harvested at appropriate phenological stages and supplemented with additional feed, although not for meat production purposes.
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Gyeprestaurációs esélyek lehetőségek különböző élőhelyeken, eltérő állatokkal végzett legeltetés során.: Áttekintő esettanulmányok I: fás legelők, erdőirtások
41-46Megtekintések száma:743Since 1992, data on the vegetation of the various grasslands in the country have been collected continuously and in recent years the vegetation of these areas has been surveyed repeatedly to monitor changes. Our aim has been to identify the conservation values and grassland management values of grasslands grazed by different animals, grasslands and wooded pastures that have been planted or restored. In the Pannonian region, we have also carried out studies in lowland mid-range, hilly areas. Areas grazed by horses, Hungarian grey cattle, sheep, goats and domestic water buffalo. The results of grazing with different animals at several study sites have been monitored and have been continuously monitored since 1994. In this paper, a brief overview of the results of the conversion of wooded pastures and deforested areas to pasture is presented.
Results from three wooded pastures and one shrubland are summarised. Results from Hungarian grey cattle sheep and Hungarian domestic buffalo pasture are summarised. In all areas, grazing was successful in maintaining habitats. The maintenance of the scrub area and the preservation of its mosaicity were best ensured in the Hungarian grey cattle pasture. Sheep were responsible for maintaining the grassland vegetation. Water buffaloes ensured the maintenance of the pasture.