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• STUDENTS FROM THE NETHERLANDS AT THE SUMMER UNIVERSITY IN THE 1930’S AND 1940’S

  Réka Bozzay

  Views:

  162

  From 1935 onwards, students from the Netherlands regularly visited the Debrecen Summer University. Imre Tarnóczy, a member of the board of the International Students' Club in Utrecht, played an important role in recruiting the students and organizing the trip. Tarnóczy, and later Elly Hoekstra, also took the Hungarian language proficiency exam at the Summer University. Some of the students visiting here came from the Dutch Asian colonies. The students attended language and country studies courses, went to the open-air bath, and visited the Hortobágy and several cities in Northeastern Hungary. The local and national press reported on their stay, and interviews and photos were taken with them. The Dutch did not come to Debrecen during World War II, and we only see them at the Summer University in 1947 again.F

• „AD PINGUIOREM FORTUNAM” POOR HUNGARIAN STUDENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA UNTIL 1450

  65-87

  Péter Haraszti Szabó

  Views:

  179

  A significant part of the Hungarian scholars at the University of Vienna between 1365/1377–1450 considered as poor students. From the nearly 3200 students almost 800 didn’t pay anything or could promise to be pay, however further 560 young people paid less than the prescribed taxes. In total 42,5% of them can be placed in different stages of poverty, but there were significant differences among them. This poverty although does not indicate their actual financial situation, only their financial condition in the time they were enrolled. The noteworthy political, military, or natural conflicts and phenomenon not necessarily affected them in their peregrination, only those which had influence on their financial situation. They can be divided into three groups. In the first can be found the non-paying students (pauper, nihil dedit). The second contains students with a little advantageous situation, namely who promised to pay the taxes (promisit, tenetur), or only asked a delay for fulfilling their obligation or an exemption from the regulated cloth-wearing. The third group concluded those who paid reduced taxes. Knowing their financial situation, the first two can be considered as pauperes, and the last is non bene habentes. Most of them came from the largest cities and towns (53%), however considerable the number of those who had a rural background (18%). Though their geographical origins do not shape a specific pattern, but their social background does.

• The Student Associations of the University of Budapest at the End of the World War and during the Aster Revolution

  106-125

  Júlia Varga

  Views:

  194

  A tanulmány a budapesti egyetem régi és új diákegyesületeinek tevékenységét, és az első világháborúban részt vett katona diákok hazajövetel utáni egyetemi életét mutatja be, valamint részvételüket az őszirózsás forradalomban. Bemutatja a hagyományos diákegyesületek mellett létrejött új – vagy régóta működő – baloldali diákegyesületeket, törekvéseiket, eredményeiket. Megpróbál rávilágítani az új egyesületek létrejöttének okaira, a két diákcsoportosulás eszmei ellentéteire, sőt ellenségeskedésére, eltérő gondolkodásuk gyökereire, ideáljaikra, valamint arra is, hogy mi volt a közös a diákság elvárásaiban. Bemutatja, hogy milyen események vezettek az újabb egyesületek megszűnéséhez. Ezekből a fiatalokból alakult ki a későbbi értelmiségi réteg, már innen ered politikai megosztottságuk, ezért fontos megismerni azokat a tényezőket, amelyek meghatározták mindkét csoport korai politikai elköteleződését.

• ARISTOCRATIC STUDENTS IN THE "ATHENS OF HUNGARY": THE HIGH NOBLE STUDENTS OF THE GYMNASIUM AND UNIVERSITY OF NAGYSZOMBAT (1616–1773)

  126-145

  Zsolt Kökényesi

  Views:

  212

  Tyrnau (Nagyszombat, Trnava) was a location of great importance in the Jesuit school network of the Kingdom of Hungary, which provided students with various levels of education, from primary to university studies. The country's premier Catholic school centre also played a very important role in the education of the noble and aristocratic families. The aim of this study is to outline and examine the high noble-born student body of the University and Gymnasium of Tyrnau, using the new school records available. In the paper I will try to reconstruct how the function of Tyrnau in the educational practices of the nobility changed over the decades and centuries, which families attended the institution, and through some case studies I will also discuss the role of the knowledge acquired in shaping later careers.

• The UNITY OF THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THE CITY OF PÉCS AGAINST THE TRIANON PEACE TREATY DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD

  68-95

  Vivien Raposa

  Views:

  149

  In the Horthy era, the maintenance of irredentist goals became crucial among university students. The youth were socialized in a completely different life situation than the adult generation because they had lived through the First World War and the Trianon Peace Treaty as children. In this way, the desire for revision had to be constantly kept alive among youngsters because many of them had grown up without remembering Great Hungary. The aim was also to reinforce the feeling of offense that they did not accept the immutability of the borders. Due to this policy, the government and local city councils wanted the youth to dominate in spreading revisionist ideas.During my present study, I will describe how the city administration of Pécs, and the students collaborated in expressing irredentist purposes. The city council expected the youth not just to take part in various national holidays such as the Heroes’ Memorial Day, the celebration of March 15, or the commemoration of the martyrs of Arad, but also emerge as a key factor in the organisation of ceremonies. In addition, the students regularly participated in the demonstrations, which were organized by the Pécs Group of the Hungarian Revision League and the Pécs-Baranya Circle of the Hungarian National Federation. However, from the beginning of the 1930s, the students started to be more and more active in propagating irredentism, so it also became common for them to hold their revision meetings.

• LÁSZLÓ SZÖGI: STUDENTS OF VOJVODINA AT THE HUNGARIAN ROYAL UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES 1736-1850

  257-261

  Alex Durovics

  Views:

  223

  Book review by Alex Durovics about the book of László Szögi "Students of Vojvodina at the Hungarian Royal Universities and Colleges 1736-1850"

• Szögi László–Varga Júlia: Magyarországi diákok francia, belga, román, szerb és orosz egyetemeken 1526–1919 I.

  155 - 157

  Réka Bozzay

  Views:

  318

  Szögi László–Varga Júlia: Magyarországi diákok francia, belga, román, szerb és orosz egyetemeken 1526–1919 I. című könyv recenziója

• Haraszti Szabó Péter–Kelényi Borbála–Szögi László: Magyarországi diákok a prágai és krakkói egyetemeken 1348–1525, 1–2. kötet

  149-153

  Réka Bozzay

  Views:

  285

  Haraszti Szabó Péter–Kelényi Borbála–Szögi László: Magyarországi diákok a prágai és krakkói egyetemeken 1348–1525, 1–2. kötet – recenzió

• A Tiszántúl északi részéről származó diákok egyetemjárása külföldön 1292–1918

  45-69

  László Szögi

  Views:

  199

  THE UNIVERSITY ATTENDANCE OF STUDENTS ABROAD FROM THE NORTHERN PART OF THE TRANS TISZA REGION 1292–1918. he social and cultural history of the regions cannot be examined without exact information about the school system, the catchment area of the schools and their eiciency in a given region. his analysis includes the examination of the university attandence abroad, especially in case of countries where the university system was established with a delay, therefore university education was a valid option only at international universities. he data relating to Hungarian regions, counties, or cities can be easily obtained from this analysis. he present essay summarizies the university attending practices in the Northern part of the trans Tisza region.

• PEREGRINATIO ACEDEMICA. HISTORY OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMIC PEREGRINATION 1150- 1919

  362-365

  Réka Bozzay

  Views:

  214

  The book was written by László Szögi

• Magyar diákok hollandiai tanulmányai a kora újkorban

  23-35

  Réka Bozzay

  Views:

  201

  The Study of Hungarian Students at Dutch Universities in the Early Modern Age. The aim of this paper is to give an insight into the study of Hungarian sholars at Dutch universities in the Early Modern Age. The method based primarily on numerical data concerning the number of students at a university in different periods divided by majors; previous educational background, SES status and occupation. The analysis also concerns the financial support of universities, provinces and cities students received at that time.

• Inscrutable Students.Searching for Enemy in Hungarian Universities at the Beginning of Fifties

  Petra Polyák

  Views:

  281

  „Unknowable Students”. „Searching for the Enemy” at the Hungarian Universities in the Beginning of the Fifties. The Communist Party organization of Hungarian universities, in order to fulfil one of their main tasks, i.e. to “unmask the enemy”, attempted to gather a lot of information about the students. They collected data through admission procedures about their class-origin, which was reckoned as basic indicator of their political reliability, while functionaries tried to force them to verbalize their opinion and to comment daily political events in obligatory courses of Marxism-Leninism and in other formal and informal discussions. Besides the identification of the “enemy”, the forcing of political statements had the purpose to get the chance to correct them. However, the overstraining of political issues, the circulating process of re-learning the same parts of Communist ideology over and over again, along with the overreaction of functionaries to politically “incorrect” opinions led to an unwanted effect. Reports on the effectiveness of contemporary practices of indoctrination stated several times that the ideological dissemination of knowledge does not provide some students with a world view, but rather a practical knowledge: the students, instead of revealing their real thoughts “learned to speak Marxism”.

• The STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NAGYSZOMBAT IN THE LIGHT OF MORE CONTEMPORARY SOURCES

  146-181

  László Szögi

  Views:

  204

  . The University of Nagyszombat, established in 1635, is Hungary's first, continously operating university. It's successors are the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest and the Pázmány Péter Catholic University. A significant part of the university's archival resources were destroyed in a fire at the Hungarian National Archives during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Therefore it is extremely difficult to  compile a list of the students who studied at the first Hungarian university. Recently, in Esztergom, new, previously unknown sources emerged about the students of the university. In this article we summarise the findings that can be drawn from the new documents regarding the students that studied at the Faculty of Arts and Theology of the University. The article analyses the university's geographical area, the evolution of the number of students and the social stratification of the student population and nationality, the proportion of foreign and national students.

• Magyarországi diákok hollandiai teológiai tanulmányai levéltári források tükrében

  166-176

  Réka Bozzay

  Views:

  164

  Theological studies of Hungarian students in the Netherlands based on archival sources. Hungarian peregrination found their new routes after having banned Calvinists students from Wittenberg and after the fall of Heidelberg. Hungarian students visited Dutch universities from the end of the 16 th century till 1795 when French troops occupied the Netherlands. Most of the Hungarian protestants were Calvinists and the main goal of the peregrination academica was the education of Hungarian Calvinist clergymen. This papers aims at presenting the most important theological movements based on archival sources which originated from the Netherlands or reached the Hungarians Calvinist church through the Dutch universities: arminianism, puritanism and coccejanism. Hungarian representatives of these theological movements, their theological debates in the Netherlands and in their home church and furthermore their influence on the Hungarian/Transylvanian Calvinist church will be mentioned. In the last part I will examine the theological exams, testimonials and dissertations of becoming Calvinist theologists.

• NEWLY DISCOVERED LEGAL AND POLITICAL DISPUTATIONS AND DISSERTATIONS OF LAW STUDENTS FROM HUNGARY IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

  137-153

  Béla P.Szabó

  Views:

  150

  . From the second half of the 19th century, Hungarian cultural and book historians have been collecting information about prints that were published in foreign printing houses in the early modern period (16th-18th centuries) and have Hungarian connections. A significant part of the bibliography of publications written by Hungarian authors and published abroad in foreign languages are school papers and thesis booklets published in print by Hungarian students during their studies abroad in connection with an oral debate. Unfortunately, the publication of the data collected on thesis booklets stalled at the end of the 20th century and there is no easily accessible database of these publications available today. However, the surge in the number of publications on early modern disputation in recent years and the inclusion of theses in various academic research has made disputation research an important branch of the history of universities, education and science. This is why it is important that the publication of these Hungarica data should continue. The following list contains legal and political disputations from foreign universities of the 16th and 18th centuries, which have been discovered during decades of research and which are not included in the volume III of Régi Magyar Könyvtár and its supplementary volumes, and thus may be new to those who are interested in the period.

   

• The Last School Year of the Hungarian University of Transylvania (1918/19)

  32-61

  Tamás Vajda

  Views:

  323

  The last School Year of the Hungarian University of Transylvania (1918/19). At the beginning of the 1918–1919 academic year, the use of university buildings for military hospitals, the military service of many young instructors, and the large number of students returning from war caused serious difficulties. On October 1, 2226 enrolled students entered the school year. At the end of October, as a result of the revolutionary news in Budapest, new youth associations were organized by the students, and they became involved in the task of the town guard. As a result of the truce negotiations, the revolutionary government of Budapest resigned completely from the Transylvanian territories and left the University of Cluj (Kolozsvár). On December 24, the Romanian army invaded Cluj. After that, the occupying Romanian army introduced strict press and post censorship, regularly harassed house searches, punishment, internships, and imposed a severe military attack on the Hungarians. It was difficult for students to travel and stay in touch with their parents. Mail and bank transfers have been canceled. The professors and the students were trying to get rid of
  it. Only the large-scale donations of the population of Cluj-Napoca saved students from starvation and frost. From January 1919, the Romanian authorities demanded loyalty from the officials. All university professors refused to accept loyalty, since Transylvania was still an occupied area, and the peace-closing war only fixed the attachment of Transylvania to Romania on 4 June 1920. The Romanian army occupied the university buildings, and the professors were deported to Hungary. Professors and students who had been forcibly removed were continuing their work in Budapest first and then in Szeged in 1921. Therefore, the University of Szeged and the Babes-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca are the heirs of the same University of Cluj.

• Nem katolikus diákok a királyi jogakadémiákon 1777 és 1850 között

  239-253

  Réka Juhász

  Views:

  150

  Not catholic Students at Royal Law Academies between 1777 and 1850. In the following study my goal is to examine an unusual question about the royal academies: the religious structure of the students. The most students were catholic in this institutions. The explanation of this fact is these academies were founded by Maria Theresia, and before that were owned by the Jesuit order. From 1777 these academies were state institutions. However, the Protestants had their own school network in this period, we could also find not catholic students at the register books. I would like to examine these students’ social background, and try to answer the question, why they chose for the royal academies. All of these data are collected by the MTAELTE Histories of Universities Research Group.

• The Settlement of the Hungarian Royal Minin and Forestry College (Academy) from Selmecbánya to Sopron, 1918/19

  62-80

  Éva Sági

  Views:

  266

  The Resettlement of the Hungarian Royal Mining and Forestry College (Academy) from Selmecbánya (Banská Štiavnica) to Sopron, 1918/19. The history of the Hungarian Royal Mining and Forestry
  College’s goes back to 1735, the establishing of the School for Training Mining Officers. During the centuries, this school developed in his type to the only higher educational institution of the Hungarian part of Austro-
  Hungarian Empire. At the beginning of World War I, it was a Europe-known technical college. With the outbreak of World War I, there was a big rupture in the life of the college. The last lectures started on 6th
  October, 1918, but the academic year could not be finished. The troops of the new Czechoslovakia occupied the region. The professors and the students decided to keep the Hungarian citizenship and they wanted to
  teach and learn in a Hungarian institution hence they packed up the college and moved from the ancestral residence to Hungary. They had many difficulties during the flight but finally the so-called „refugee
  university” found place in Sopron.

• Evangélikus diákok Wittenbergben

  89-95

  Tamás Fabiny

  Views:

  129

  Lutheran students in Wittenberg. The essay presents a short overview of Lutheran students from Hungary in Reformation-time Wittenberg. More than a thousand pastors-to-be spent several semesters in Germany, the Lutheran orientation of which influenced their further career. Scholarly research has revealed an impressive amount of details regarding this multifaceted group of students, Mátyás Dévai Bíró among the most well-known. Luther’s Table Talks include a variety of remarks related to Hungarian students. Dévai Bíró also appears in the 10th, closing episode of the Luther animation series being produced for 2017. In the last section, the author shortly presents three ex-Wittenberg students whose heritage lies in hymn writing: Besides Dévai, the works of András Farkas and András Batizi. Tihe philological and theological input the Wittenberg students produced for the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hungary was accompanied by intensive international networking exemplary for us today.

• MINISTERIAL RETALIATION AGAINST STUDENT PARTICIPANTS IN THE „NATIONALIST” DEMONSTRATION OF 15 MARCH 1972: „THIS YEAR, ON 15 MARCH, FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE THE COUNTER-REVOLUTION, MISTAKES WERE MADE IN THE EXECUTION OF THE TASK”.

  44-67

  Csaba Keresztes

  Views:

  261

  In the first years of the 1970s, especially on the day of the national holiday on March 15, large-scale celebratory and at the same time protest movements and parades of young people took place in the streets of the Hungarian capital. In the beginning, the authorities only imposed punishments on a few individuals, which were considered light at the time, but in 1972, significant prison sentences were also imposed. In 1973 and 1974, they tried to prevent street demonstrations as a preventive measure. During 1972, disciplinary sanctions were imposed on many students. The ministry in charge of education tried to coordinate disciplinary reprisals, and the process of retorts was regulated centrally. In the process, dozens of students suffered punishments, including expulsion.

• A budapesti tudományegyetem Orvostudományi Karának története 1872–1945

  László Molnár

  Views:

  232

  A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a budapesti tudományegyetem Orvostudományi Karának történetét
  1872-től kezdve egészen 1945-ig. A tanulmányi rendszer korszerűsítésnek bemutatása után rátérünk az infrastruktúra bővítésére, elsősorban a klinikák rendszerének kiépítésére. Az egyetem nagy hangsúlyt fektetett a személyi állomány fejlesztésére, létrejött a „pesti orvosi iskola”, új tanszékeket hoztak létre (pl. közegészségügy),
  nagy tantárgyakból párhuzamos tanszékeket hoztak létre, jelentősen növekedett a hallgatói létszám.
  Az első világháborúban tanárok és diákok is vállaltak frontszolgálatot. Az országban állandósult az
  orvoshiány, ezt a női hallgatók felvételével próbálták ellensúlyozni. A háború után a frontról visszatérő
  hallgatók, illetve a pozsonyi és kolozsvári menekült egyetemek hallgatóinak elhelyezése okozott nehézséget.
  A numerus clausus a nők és az alkalmatlan hallgatók létszámának csökkentését érte el. Az 1929-es gazdasági
  válság komoly megszorításokat hozott, ami a létszámcsökkenésben és tanszékek bezárásában mutatkozott
  meg. A két világháború közötti időszak mégis sikeres volt, mert nemzetközileg elismert iskolák működtek
  itt. Ebben az időszakban jöttek létre az egyetemi bajtársi szövetségek is. A második világháború alatt
  részben kiürítették a klinika telepeket és vidékre költöztették azokat. Budapest ostromát az egyetemi épületek,
  a diákság és a tanárok is megsínylették.

• Bencés diákok egyetemjárása a 17-18. században

  86-103

  Erzsébet Faa-Lendvai

  Views:

  146

  THE UNIVERSITY ATTENDANCE OF BENEDICTINE STUDENTS IN THE 17TH–18TH CENTURIES. In Hungary the Order of St. Benedict (Ordo Sancti Benedicti) ceased to exist during he Turkish occupation, and it only reorganized in 1639 at Pannonhalma. he present study reviews the list of monk’s names between 1639 and 1786 from the volumes of the orderly history from Pannonhalma. It argues that in the 17th century there were 44 students of the Benedictine order registered at some of the universities of the Habsburg Empire. hese universities were Nagyszombat, Vienna, Salzburg, and Olmütz. he prelatry of Pannonhalma sent the most talented pupils to carry on university level studies. In the 18th century, 48 Benedictine monks attended universities; 40 of them in Nagyszombat, 3 in Vienna, and 3 in Salzburg. Salzburg was the most respected Benedictine university in Central Europe. Quite a few students who studied here played an important role in the subsequent Hungarian history of the order, such as Egyed Karner, Placid Sajnovics and
  Krizosztom Novák.

• IMRE FORRÓ’S STUDIES IN UTRECHT IN THE 1930S.

  67-91

  Réka Bozzay

  Views:

  214

  The Stipendium Bernardinum in Utrecht, founded in 1761, played an important role in the history of Hungarian students’ university studies in the Netherlands in the 20th century. Many Hungarian theologians have been awarded scholarships. Imre Forró was admitted to Utrecht after completing his theological studies in Debrecen. He spent first three years in Utrecht, and then applied for and won another year of scholarship from the scholarship committee to continue his research. The present paper examines several aspects of Forró’s student years: his studies, his student life at the time, and the research work he began in the 1930s, and the history of the Hungarian peregrination to Franeker. Each life story is unique, yet the studies and daily lives of the students abroad share many similarities.

• Magyarországi diákok egyetemjárása az úkorban 1–22.: (Könyvbemutató és recenzió)

  251-261

  Béla P. Szabó

  Views:

  174

  THE UNIVERSITY ATTENDANCE OF STUDENTS FROM HUNGARY IN THE MODERN AGE, 1–22 (BOOK PRESENTATION AND REVIEW). In this generically peculiar sort of writing, which is ACTUALLY a book review that grew out of the observations at an actual book presentation, is the introduction of an enterprise which is unique even by European standards. It is a series of books that has been in the making for twenty years under the leadership of Professor László Szögi. he primary objective of the project is to inventorize all those students in Hungary who – between the beginning of the 16th century and the beginning of the 20th century – pursued advanced studies abroad at some European university. he overview evaluates the unique volume of the enterprise, appreciates, without attempting to be complete, its most spectacular merits, outlines the possibilities of the utilization of the amassed data, and highlights, through personal experience, why this unique low of books is so signiicant to the scholars of several areas of knowledge.

• The DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OLOMOUC IN THE 17TH-18TH CENTURIES

  111-130

  Libusc Spacilova

  Views:

  192

  The Jesuits founded a grammar school in Olomouc in 1566, adding a philosophy faculty in 1576 and a theology faculty in 1582. The document describing the Jesuit educational system, Ratio et institutio studiorum, divided education into three stages, the highest of which was called studia superiora, and included philosophy and theology. From the second year onwards, students studied mathematics, astronomy and geography, and in the third year, from 1637 onwards, ethics. The Jesuits did not pay much attention to the teaching of the natural sciences, as these subjects undermined the authority of the Church and contradicted fundamental Church dogma. As a result, in the second half of the 17th century and the early 18th century, only very sporadic research and education in the sciences developed. Nevertheless, the University of Olomouc did have professors engaged in mathematical, physical and astronomical research, including a number of foreign-born scientists. In scholastic disputations, topics approved by the ecclesiastical authorities, mostly controversial, were discussed. Nonetheless, we do find here scientific topics in philosophy, biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics, although not in as large a number as would have been desirable.