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Gamificatie in de methode in het NVT-onderwijs: Onderzoek naar het gebruik van het programma HANNA en de applicatie MONDLY bij scholieren Nederlands
107-126Views:370Our research explores the effects of digital supplementary course materials used among Hungarian students in secondary education learning Dutch. Our aim was to investigate how supplementary electronic, online and digital course material impacts students aged 15-20 learning Dutch at school as well as their motivation, their experience of flow/anti-flow and their level of Dutch. During the intervention we applied HANNA, a course material developed for tablets, and Mondly, a phone application. Our research focused on 2 main research questions and 5 hypotheses, regarding motivation, motivational pattern and the expected changes, while the hypotheses centred on the flow/antiflow experience, the level of language and its changes. Both the research questions and the hypotheses were established in an abductive framework. We employed qualitative research methods due to the number of our samples. Our research incorporated focusgroup and individual interviews as well. The study was supported by the Foreign Research Group On Language Teaching, a joint project between the Hungarian Academy and the University of Debrecen.
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De drie gezichten van De Ruyter*: Admiraal De Ruyter in de Hongaarse herinnering
205-221Views:772Michiel de Ruyter is a Dutch national hero. He is respected in Hungary as the liberator of the Protestant galley slaves. Since 1895, his name can also be read on the statue behind the Great Church of Debrecen. De Ruyter has appeared in various forms in Hungarian memory during the centuries: either as a fearless soldier, a faithful Christian or as a symbol of reconciliation. His memory keeps changing but his spirit keeps living on in Hungarian memory.
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A Historian in the Service of the Foreign Office: C. A. Macartney (1895-1978) and his writings on Hungary
163-184Views:309This study is focusing on the life of C.A. Macartney as a diplomat and a historian especially on his writings on Hungary and the Hungarian history. The importance of this point goes back to the fact that he published a good number of books and articles on Hungary between the period of 1926 and 1978. It has been proved that this very rich publication activity of him basically influenced the attitudes of the English-speaking intellectual world towards Hungary and the Hungarians. In the life of Macartney the career as a diplomat and his so-called graphomaniac historian activity were closely connected. Although he was an expert of modern Hungarian history and worked for the British Foreign Office as a member of the Foreign Office Research Department (FORD) during WWII years, he also had a very well-grounded knowledge on the history of Austria and the Habsburg Empire. With his diplomatic activity and historical skill Macartney inspired generations of English-speaking historians, intellectuals and decision-makers in the subject of Hungary and the Hungarians. This fact well indicates the long-term importance and influence of C. A. Macartney as a pro-Hungarian historian and diplomat.
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De koning op het dievenpad: Karel ende Elegast en Koning Matthias gaat stelen – een vergelijking
127-155Views:885This study examines two stories from the Middle Ages: The Dutch knight novel, Karel ende Elegast and the Hungarian folk tale, Mátyás király lopni megy [King Matthias goes stealing]. In both stories, the king in disguise goes to steal with an accomplice (an experienced thief). As a result, an attack on the king on the next day is prevented. The motif of the king in disguise having to go stealing to uncover a conspiracy against him is a universal fairy tale motif. In different countries and cultures, one can find this wandering motif from Norway to Mongolia. In this study, we want to make a Hungarian contribution to this research.
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Cultuur onderwijzen in NVT-lessen voor Hongaarse universiteitsstudenten
117-160Views:159If we look at language course books for beginners we see that a lot of cultural aspects emerge even from these low-level texts. I analysed a Dutch course book (B. de Boer, M. van der Kamp, B. Lijmbach (2010). Nederlands in gang. Coutinho) and tried to find the matches with Hofstede’s five dimensions, with special attention to the elements of dimensions which can be related to education and foreign language teaching. I found that three dimensions which are typical of Dutch society and which are different in Hungarian society, may influence foreign language learners’ perception of the target language and culture . These are 1. Small power distance (especially at school and at home) which can foster or impede creativity; it also has far-reaching consequences for the degree of directness/indirectness in communication in teacher-learner interaction and also on societal level; and its effect on dealing with guests and privacy. 2. Individualism: influences our contacts in the family, but also our rights to freedom of opinion and expression in social interaction, and it also influences the space, the houses where we live and how we deal with guests. 3. Femininity: this dimension plays an important role in negotiations and discussions. Working on reaching mutual understanding and the willingness to listen to each others’ opinion are also characteristic features of femininity. This dimension influences also our ideas about the past, the history of our country and how important this national history is for our country at present. We also wittness some kind of shift towards masculinity in the Netherlands in the past years which again lets us think further how we can incorporate teaching culture in our language curriculum, without being stereotypical. 118 Eszter Zelenka In my paper I discuss the different possible ways of drawing beginners’ attention to cultural values, hidden in texts; and the choices that a foreign language teacher has to make in this process.
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The Impact of Péter Bod’s Translation of a Text about Galley Slaves
131-172Views:66Within his work on Protestant church history, Péter Bod’s translation of the galley slaves’
history was one of those 18th century Protestant historiographical approaches, which
bound the image of the struggling Church to personal sacrifice for the true faith. In 1738,
he translated Bálint Kocsi Csergő’s Narratio brevis, i.e. the history of the galley slaves’
suffering, into Hungarian, entitled Siege of a House Built on a Rock. Although it was a
manuscript, it became a bestseller copied and read all over the Carpathian Basin. Later,
the image of the Protestant martyr was identified with what he delineated in his works
God’s heroic Holy Mother Church and St. Heortocrat, namely, a martyr is an individual
who, in the midst of persecutions and fleeing, does not grow weary in being of use for the
benefit of his nation, his Church, the common good. In his works on church history, many
inventories of suffering from the 16th and 17th centuries demonstrate his utilitarian view of
martyrdom. The secularized view of martyrdom identifies the notion of suffering for
religion with the struggle that he himself fought against the Habsburg censorship. The 17th
and18th century Protestant history of suffering turned into an intellectual commitment that
is unfolding in the midst of difficulties and preserves our nationhood, and can be formed
along the jus and bonum publicum (public good, and public law). -
Een Hongaarse putschist in Suriname
109-121Views:107Frans Pavel Killinger was a Hungarian military and policeman, who tried to set up a coup d’état in 1901 in Suriname, colony of the Netherlands. He strongly criticized the corrupt late-colonial system and poor living conditions in Suriname, and visioned a state without army and with better living conditions for the people, led by himself. The attempt was unveiled and Killinger and his compatriots were sentenced to death. He was pardoned, spent some years in prison, and joined the Turkish army.
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In de dienst van de VOC: Een voorlopige inventarisatie van Hongaren in dienst van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (1602-1795)
25-108Views:790This paper presents a preliminary survey of people coming from Hungary who were employed for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) between 1602 and 1795, drawing some conclusions from the point of view of national identity, education, social class and ethnic background. The survey was conducted using the database of sea-voyagers of the Dutch National Archive, containing detailed information of the background of the people who entered the service of the VOC. There has never been done a detailed survey of Hungarian immigrants coming to the Dutch Republic in the Early Modern period. So far, only students coming from Hungary to the Netherlands have been studied, but the majority of them have returned to their home country after university and did not stay here. The aim is to introduce the source material and its context in general, which can be the basis of further investigations. So far, almost 118 Hungarians have been identified. The majority of the Hungarians occupied modest positions on the ships and did not return from the east.
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Het dagboek en alba amicorum van Sámuel Cseh-Szombathy
27-46Views:314In this paper I have analysed the itinerary of Sámuel Cseh-Szombathy, a former student
of the Reformed College of Debrecen. After having finished his studies in Göttingen and
Vienna, he started with a journey in 1790 through Southern German cities, the Dutch
Republic, England and finally France. During his journey he wrote an itinerary where he
made a record of his costs and what he as a medical doctor found interesting: hospitals,
madhouses, natural history collections and of course the most important medical
personalities of his time. My main questions are: How unique is this itinerary and how
well does it fit in the Hungarian tradition of itineraries of the Early Modern Time? -
Humanisten uit de Lage Landen in Hongarije in de 16de eeuw
19-31Views:131The early history of the connections between Netherlands and Hungary is connected with the catholic restoration in the Kingdom Hungary in the middle of 16-th Century. In this time came the famous humanist Nicasius Ellebodius to Hungary. He studied in Louvain and Rome in the Collegium Germanicum, and at the invitation of Miklós Oláh, Archbishop of Esztergom he arrived to Nagyszombat (today: Trnava in Slovakia), to the centre of Hungarian Catholicism. He taught there Greek and Latin language and literature in the newly-established college of the Society of Jesus. Another Netherlander, Guilelmus Sulenius de Flandria, studied likewise in Rom, and then came to Hungary. Archbishop Oláh invited himto teach at Pozsony (today:Bratislava in Slovakia), and he was granted a prebend in recognition of his work. Besides they other Netherlandish teachers and professors (e.g. Arnoldus Gerardus Laurentianus Flandrus, Jacobus Somalius etc.) took part in the reorganisation of the Catholic school-training and they played an very significant and important role in the intellectual life in early modern Hungary
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“Carry each other’s burdens” Children’s aid missions in the Netherlands
223-237Views:136In the 20th century the Dutch government and the Dutch people undertook the mission of helping socially deprived children on several occassions. The Hungarian and the Dutch Reformed churches have been tied by a close, brotherly bond for several centuries. The major organizer of the children’s holiday scheme was László Pap, Reformed minister, professor of theology in Budapest. 500 children on board of the first train traveled to the Netherlands on July 12th, 1948 and on January 19th, 1949 they arrived home. All the children are perfectly happy in their host families. The children are more than satisfied with their host families and vice versa. They had also found many friends, brothers and sisters, and had become family members.
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Een dakloos gedenkteken voor Michiel de Ruyter
243-250Views:60Almost unbeknownst to virtually anyone, the fragments of a monument commemorating
the liberation of galley slaves by Michiel de Ruyter lay for years in the parking garage of
the Reformed Theological Seminary in Pápa. Originally, this memorial stood in the
courtyard of the military academy, the Zrínyi Miklós Nemzetvédelmi Egyetem (Miklós
Zrínyi Defense University) on Üllői Street in Budapest. It was erected in 2002 to commemorate the liberation of the Hungarian ministers who had been sentenced to the galleys
and were freed by Michiel de Ruyter in Naples in 1676. The monument was designed and
created by Colonel Dr. Lajos Berek, who was also the rector of that university. When this
military academy moved to the campus on the Hungária ring road in 2008, the old building
was sold. The monument was taken down. The Bolyai János Honvéd Alapítvány (János
Bolyai Defense Foundation) donated the memorial to the Protestáns Tábori Püspökség
(Protestant Military Diocese). The new owner would look for a new location for the statue.
Since there was no place to put it up again at that time, they looked for a place where it
could be stored “temporarily.” That place was the parking garage of the Reformed
Theological Seminary in Pápa. -
In het land van de koppensnellers* : De representatie van Borneo in de reisliteratuur van de 19de eeuw
49-67Views:745Borneo was regarded as a terra incognita for the European travelers in the 19th century. Only few of them could reach the island covered with jungle and even fewer of them wrote about their experiences. In the following study, I am trying to find an answer in travelogues written by 19th -century travelers to the question how Bornean natives were seen and presented by Europeans who ended up on the island. In other words, how the Other was represented in these works. I will compare this image of the Other with the representation of the Bornean natives as shown in the diary of a lesser-known Hungarian traveler, Xavér Ferenc Witti.
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Jenő Bánó: Travels of an Immigrant and his Path to Diplomacy
109-130Views:227This paper introduces a case study of Hungarian emigration to the Americas, which illustrates some of the general trends in migration at the turn of the century as well as a unique career path of a Hungarian immigrant in Mexico. By discussing and analyzing the life, diplomatic career, and publications of Jenő Bánó, the paper touches upon issues including the significance of travel writing in influencing migration, the use of migration propaganda, and relations between Hungary and the Americas.
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Economische betrekkingen tussen Hongarije en de Lage Landen in de Middeleeuwen Abstract
7-17Views:130In spite of the remarkable distance and the expenses incurred in transportation through a number of go-betweens Hungarian (primary) commodities and products from the Low Countries found their way to each other’s markets. The present study makes an inquiry into these trade relations in which it was primarily Prussian and southern German traders, especially of Nuremberg, who played a dominant role. Copper and prescions metals were the most important commodities shipped to the markets ot Flanders from Hungary by Prussian tradesmen via Poland and the Baltic Sea. Hungary exported iron and zinc to the Low Countries and also beeswax and hides and furs. It was mainly cloth that was imported into Hungary from the markets in Flanders roughly along the same trade route as the one along which commodities from Hungary found their way to the Atlantic coastal areas, that is, via the Baltic Sea and Poland. The volume and value of the export goods from medieval Hungary surpassed that of the import goods from the Low Countries, for the latter was made up of finished products of high quality and high prices therefore targeted only a limited high-end range of customers and their volume was thus less remarkable. The products of the two areas reached their respective destinations by means of a chain of intermediaries.
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Warum eben Holland? Zur Anwendbarkeit theoretischer Ansätze zeitgenössischer niederländischer Gesellschaftswissenschaftler bei der Interpretation des Romans Die Geschichte meiner Frau von Milán Füst
199-221Views:111The present study tries to re-read Milán Füst’s novel with the help of theories of three contemporary Dutch scholars. Mieke Bal’s academic bestseller, The Travelling Concepts helps us to recognize that static notions of masculinity as well as national and gender stereotypes, which are challenged by the novel, have always been changing dynamically. On the basis of Johan Goudsblom’s theories on the relationship between fire and civilization, on time regimes and on the mystery of the origin of the masculine power one can also prove that Füst’s novel keeps on playing with virtues believed to be masculine, such as the self-control and power over the women. And finally, the essays of the socio-psychologist Douwe Draaisma provide explanation for how the autobiographical memory of the narrator-protagonist determines the special narrative structure of the novel, why he is dwelling on superfluous details and why he leaves out years of his life story.
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Short films remembering the Galley Slaves
211-217Views:51In the years of 2020–2021 I made a few short films with some people – one tourist
organizer and four preachers – who have found it important to preserve the memory of
Hungarian galley slaves. In this report, I would like to show the responsibility, respect and
love that the commemorators had for their ancestors, which spirit of this activity was also
radiated to me. -
Contribution to the Cantatas on the Anniversary of the Galley Slaves’ Liberation
199-210Views:66New Hungarian choral works were born on another jubilee, i.e., on the 300th anniversary of
the Protestant galley slaves’ liberation. They are the ‘little sisters’ of the oratorio Budavári
Te Deum, these cantatas are in the order of their completion: Sándor Szokolay: Cantata to
the Memory of the Galley Slaves, Lajos Vass: Furor Bestiae, Zoltán Gárdonyi: Memento.
Composers use the text written by Ferenc Otrokocsi Fóris and other galley slaves who
records the story of his deportation, sufferings and liberation. The last two pieces of music
were composed in October 1975 and dedicated to the choir ‘Kántus’ of the Reformed
College of Debrecen. Their world premiere took place on 11 February 1976 in the Reformed
Great Church in Debrecen, in the framework of festivities dedicated to the anniversary of
the liberation of the galley slaves, the conductor was the writer of this article. -
Schoolmasters of Karcag and Kisújszállás at Western European Universities and Academies Between the 17th and 19th Century
21-57Views:208The aim of our paper is to discuss the significance of particle schools of Karcag and Kisújszállás in 18–19th century education history. Greater Cumania, the region that both towns are within, was almost 100% Calvinist since the Reformation, therefore, examining the influence of Calvinism on the region’s education is crucial. Our purpose is to introduce the schoolmaster’s office, the financial basis, and circumstances of going to Western European universities in the 18–19th centuries, since the schoolmasters of these two towns have not been investigated yet. Our research is based on primary (archival) sources, mainly Hungarian Reformed districtual, diocesan, and congregational documents, canonical visitation records, and protocols. Our paper also provides a detailed prosopography database of the schoolmasters of Karcag and Kisújszállás.
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De tuinman, de geldschieter, de koelie-werver en de mandoer: Vier portretten van László Székely en de Delische Kunstkring
101-117Views:754The Hungarian planter László Székely was active as a painter on Sumatra during the first decennia of the 20th century. In 1923 he painted four portraits of people from the planters’ community: The Mandoer, The Moneylender, The Toekang-kebon and The Koelie recruiter, which appeared in the weekly paper De Zweep. In this article I will give an overview of the cultural life in Deli and place Székely’s work in this context. Furthermore, I will explain the uniqueness of Székely’s portraits, using the theory of the English cultural historian Peter Burke.
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De bijdragen van Hongaarse studenten te Franeker in het Album Amicorum van Cornelis Burt Andriessen (1781–1782)
7-19Views:205In the summer of 2020, the Album Amicorum of the late Reverend Cornelis Burt Andriessen (1758–1845) came into the possession of the so-called “Academie van Franeker” Foundation. It is kept nowadays in the Library of the Foundation at Franeker. The Album contains six contributions written by Hungarian Peregrini during their stay at Franeker University, 1781–1782, where they met Andriessen as a student at the Faculty of Theology.
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Een groot Nederlander: J.P.Ph. Clinge Fledderus (1870-1946)
131-148Views:237This article dives into a part of the life and personal history of J.P.Ph. Clinge Fledderus (1870-1946), consul of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, who played a crucial role in organizing relief for Hungary in the Interbellum and the organization of the possibilities for Hungarian children to recover from the effects of post-war famine and malaise after the First World War by giving them a holiday of some months in the Netherlands. A commemorative marble plaque for him still can be found on the front of the building at the Üllői út 4 in Budapest.
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George Pal, de vergeten Hongaarse Oscarwinnaar
53-77Views:250The name of the Hungarian animation film maker and producer George Pal (1908–1980) is almost unknown both in his home country Hungary and in the Netherlands, even though he played a key role in the formation of the Dutch animation film industry and was later granted with eight Oscars after he had emigrated to the USA. Once personally for the invention of a new animation film making technique, the so-called Puppetoon system. In this article I would like to summarize and fill his biography with until now unknown facts. Besides that, I would like to introduce his development, the puppetoon-system and demonstrate why we should see Pal as the founder of the Dutch industrial animation production.
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Niederländische Kolonisten in Ungarn in der Arpad-Ära
7-21Views:199Settlers from the Low Countries in the Árpád Age in Hungary
In Hungarian documents from the 11th and 13th century we can frequently find the name “flandrenses”, which refers to the settlers coming from the Low Countries and from territories where the Low-Frankish dialect was spoken. They moved in a larger number to South-Transylvania in the middle of the 12th century, during the reign of King Géza II. In the 12th century a huge number of these settlers settled down along the southern borders, in Syrmia. The Byzantine chronicler, Nicetas Choniates, called this territory Frangokhorion: the Land of the Franks. Beside the Flemish-Low-Frankish speaking people, settlers from the neo-Latin territories came to Hungary in the Árpád Age, too. These people were called in the documents “latinus” or “gallicus”, just like the people coming from Italy or France. Above all, “latini” from Wallonia and Low-Lothringia came to Hungary. It is interesting that the neo-Latin speaking settlers settled down dispersed almost everywhere in the country, but the Flemish (German) people took root in bigger ethnical homogenic blocks in their new home. The main reason why people from the far Low Countries and their wider area came to Hungary in the Middle Ages was the existential crisis caused by extreme weather conditions in their old homeland, but the news about fertility of the ground and the wealth of natural resources also attracted them to Hungary.