Author Guidelines

Preparation of manuscripts
Authors are requested to examine a recent copy of International Journal of Horticultural Science and to follow the style of the published papers as closely as possible, saving alterations at later stages. Combine all parts of the manuscript in one Word file. Tables, figures, photos, etc. should be placed at the end of the manuscript, not in the text. Authors are requested to send the electronic version of the manuscript using the Submissions option of this website. Please follow the hyperlink here “Submit online” or on the top of this page and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.

Text
The text should be typed on one side only of A4 paper (297 x 210 mm) (or the nearest local equivalent), double-spaced (not 1.5) and with wide margins (at least 25 mm) and the sheets numbered consecutively. British English and spelling should be used.

Title, authors and addresses

The title should be informative but concise. Each title should be unique and not indicated as being part of a series. It should be followed by a list of the authors, with first names as initials only and preceding the name and with each name separated by a comma, except for the last two which are separated by ‘and ‘. The list of names should be followed by a list of authors’ addresses. The address and author for correspondence should be indicated by superscript letters and symbols where there is more than one author and address. A short title of no more than 40 characters should be provided at the top of the first page, in italics, with Latin names not in italics. For communication please provide phone numbers and e-mail addresses on the title page of the paper. Moreover affiliation (workplace) of each author should be given on the title page.

Summary
This should indicate concisely (normally in less than 250 words) the scope and main conclusions of the paper. The summary does not need a heading. Please provide up to six additional key words in alphabetical order.

Introduction
This should provide, succinctly, the current state of work in the relevant field and the reasons for carrying out the experiments, as well as a clear statement of the objectives.

Materials and methods
Commercial equipment and products used in experiments should be given as follows: product, company, city, country. Descriptions of all important details for materials and methods should be given in a logical order. Commercial products used in experiments should be given as follows: product, company, city (state), country.

Replication, statistics and controls
All experiments should have adequate replication and where relevant, should have been repeated for confirmation. Data should be subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. All experiments must include adequate controls for comparison with the treatments.

Results
These should be presented in an orderly fashion, making use of tables and figures where necessary. Material presented in tables should not be repeated in figures.

 
Discussion
Discussion should be presented separately from results, and it should be noted that simple restatement of results in it does not constitute adequate discussion. The discussion should be focused on the work presented, and its relationship with other relevant published work. It should not digress widely into general discussion of a research area, or into excessive speculation.

References
In the text, references should be cited by author and date (Harvard system). Ampersand (&) should be used between names of joint authors and et al. for references with more than two authors even when they first appear, e.g. (Jones et al., 1970). In the text, lists of such references should be placed in chronological sequence. DOI number of each reference has to be placed at the end of the cited references, as shown below in the examples. References should be listed at the end of the paper in full and set out in the styles shown below. Personal communications cited in the text should be given as follows: initials, name, brief address, personal communication. Only papers accepted for publication or published may be cited (not those only submitted).

Reference List
References should be listed alphabetically. Within the references for a particular author, those with the author alone should precede those with two authors and these should precede lists with more than two. Within each of these groups the references should be listed chronologically. The exact style of presenting references will be found in recent issues of the journal. All journal titles should be written out in full. Examples are given below.

Journals

Standard journal article
Mpelasoka, B. S., Behboudian, M. H., Dixon, J., Neal, S. M., Caspari, H. W. (2004):
Improvement of fruit quality and storage potential of ‘Braeburn’ apple through deficit irrigation.
Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 75: 615–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2000.11511296

No author given
Anonymous (1947): The measurement of potato blight.
Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 31: 140–1. https://doi.org/[DOI]

Journal supplement
Grylls, N. E., Waterford, C. J. (1976): Transmission of the causal agent of chloris striate mosaic disease by insect injection and membrane feeding. Australian Plant Pathological Society Newsletter. 5 (Suppl. 1): 89. https://doi.org/[DOI]

On-line journal
Gibbs, M. J., Ziegler, A., Robinson, D. J., Waterhouse, P. M., Cooper, J. I. (1996): Carrot mottle mimic virus (CMoMV): a second umbravirus associated with carrot motley dwarf disease recognized by nucleic acid hybridization. Molecular Plant Pathology. On-line [http://www.bspp.org.uk/mppol] 1996/1111gibbs. https://doi.org/[DOI]

Books and other monographs
Personal author(s)
Sutton, B. C. (1980): The Coelomycetes. Kew, UK: Commonwealth Mycological Institute.

Editor, compiler, chairman as author
Palti, J., Kranz, J. eds (1980): Comparative Epidemiology. A Tool for Better Disease Management. Wageningen, the Netherlands: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.

Chapter in a book
Jones, C. S., Smith, N., Brown, R. S. (1979): Biology of diseases caused by Botrytis spp. In: Smith N, Brown RS, eds. Diseases of Vegetables. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 40–49.

Dissertation or thesis
Lenné, J. M. (1978): Studies of the Biology and Taxonomy of Colletotrichum Species. Melbourne, Australia: University of Melbourne, PhD thesis.

 
Table and figure captions
Tables, figures, photos, etc. should be placed at the end of the manuscript after the References section, not within the text.

Tables
Each table should be self-explanatory and typed on a separate sheet with an appropriate caption. Tables should be referred to in the text with arabic numerals as, e.g. Table 1, etc. In the results section, do not state ‘Table 1 shows the results of a given test’---describe the results of the test and then indicate which table shows them. The description should not repeat the results of the table but can draw attention to particular or general features of them. Refer to tables in the sequence in which they are presented.

Figures
These should be numbered in a separate series and referred to with arabic numerals in the text as, e.g. Figure 1, etc. Figure legends should be self explanatory and grouped together on a separate sheet. Subdivisions within figures should be labelled with lower case letters, e.g. a, b and c, etc. and these should also be used in the figure captions, footnotes and in the text. Photographs should be unmounted and have good contrast. Magnification should be shown by a scale or bar. Four prints of each photograph are requested, of the final desired size. Three prints only should be labelled or the labelling indicated on an overlay. The figure number and author’s name should be pencilled lightly on the reverse of all photos, with the top edge identified. Where several photographs are to be mounted together on the printed page, a sketch or photocopy of the layout should be provided.Graphs and other line figures may be provided as drawings in black indelible ink and be no more than twice the required publication size. Three copies, one unlabelled, should be provided.

Alternatively, good quality computer-generated figures may be sent. If used, please send digital versions of your figures. Avoid using tints if possible; if shading is essential to the understanding of the figure, try to make it coarse. Always enclose hard copies of digitally- supplied figures in triplicate. Normally, no submitted figure should be larger than A4 (297 x 210 mm). Remember that all lettering and symbols should be large enough and thick enough to take a reduction of 50% (final lettering size should be approximately 2 mm).

Acceptable symbols for graphs are:

( x and + will not be accepted). Include symbol keys within the body of the illustration rather than in the legend.

Other supporting materials

Units and quantities
SI units are preferred. Others should be related to SI units at the first mention. Numbers preceding units should be written as numerals, those preceding other items up to nine should be spelt out, e.g. 8 cm, 2 days, nine fields, 10 leaves. Units should preferably be explicit, e.g. 1 g/L or g L^ –1 rather than 0.1% w/v. Whereas grams per litre can be indicated as g L–1, spores per litre is written as spores per L.

Latin binomials
Except in taxonomy papers, Latin binomial names are given without authorities.