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The Relationship Between Renewable Energy Consumption, Net Energy Import, Greenhouse Gas Emission and Human Cap
58-71Views:169The measures to improve energy efficiency and increase of renewable energy production and consumption should be encouraged in the interest of sustainable development. Many factors can influence the use of renewable energy such as the level of economic development of an economy, nationals’ and the main economic actors’ environmental awareness, energy import dependency, ratio of the urban population, and government subsidization intensity among the others. The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the share of renewable energy in the total energy consumption and net energy import as a percentage of energy use less production, greenhouse gas emission per capita and human capital using by OECD countries data from 1990 to 2014. The results indicate that there is a negative relationship between net energy import and renewable energy consumption, and also negative relationship can be shown between the amount of greenhouse gas emission per capita and renewable energy consumption. However, we identified a positive relationship between human capital and renewable energy consumption for energy importer countries above a certain level of human capital.
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Examination of the Relationship between Renewable Energy and Economic Performance
234-243Views:206Many countries are making considerable efforts to achieve solutions to environmental problems that we face today and developing renewable energy resources is one of the potential long-term solutions that constitute an absolute priority from a sustainable development perspective. The usage of renewable energy is one of the critical future challenges to reduce greenhouse gas emission and decrease energy dependency at the same time. Thus, replacing traditional energy sources with renewable ones, like Hydropower and wind power to produce electricity instead of fossil fuel. The objective of this study is to find a relationship between renewable energy consumption, macroeconomic factors, and the environment. There is a reliable and significant (at 1% significant level) association between REC with GHG and GDP and a relatively strong association with EC.
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Energy-Efficient Buildings, a step towards Sustainability in Pakistan
109-124Views:305With every passing year, energy consumption in the world is increasing drastically. Most of the energy comes from fossil fuels which are also depleting in a fast manner. Buildings consume a significant amount of energy all over the world and the demand for energy is also increasing unremittingly in buildings. Developed countries are taking profound measures in order to make buildings energy efficient and sustainable by achieving nearly zero energy stage. Pakistan is facing a serious energy crisis from the past few decades. The building sector in Pakistan deserves special attention in this regard since the energy consumption in buildings in Pakistan is feverishly high. Many types of research have been carried out in Pakistan by the United Nations and Energy Department of Pakistan in order to devise applicable methods that not only provide thermal comfort to the occupants but also make a building energy efficient. Renewable energy also plays an important role in compensating building energy demands. It is easy to achieve nearly zero energy state in a good energy efficient building if it is coupled with renewable energy sources then it will make it self-sufficient in energy demand. A survey is also carried out to determine the thermal comfort of the occupants in different types of areas. Also, solar energy analysis is also taken into account to highlight the solar power potential in Pakistan. Several recommendations have also been suggested to implement energy efficiency measures in Pakistan.
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The Importance of Energy Management in Hungary
72-79Views:149One of the important elements of our everyday life is energy, but the amount of it is constantly decreasing, so it is advisable to include renewable energies in our energy management in addition to traditional energy sources. In the field of energy management, the use of renewable energies deserves attention because their share is increasing, although their percent is small. At present, Hungary and the European Union's energy policy contain guidelines that aim to increase the utilization of renewable energy sources. These directives contribute to achieving environmental and climate protection goals, job creation, territorial and urban development, and the reduction of dependence on energy imports. In my article, I would like to present various calculations in the field of energy management as a result of the previously described information and I would like to explore the energy management contexts that have come to the fore when examining residential energy consumption
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The Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Energy Production and Use
678-688Views:331The role of renewable energies in energy management is growing both in the European Union and in Hungary. The use of renewable energy sources is already quite large (transport, heating, lighting, etc.) and it is advisable to deal with these energy sources in the year 2020. The use of energy from renewable sources can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce dependency on the continuously problematic oil and gas market. A review of energy data over the last 10 years shows that renewable energy sources are playing an increasingly important role in the European Union. I support this finding by the fact that the share of energy from renewable sources in gross energy consumption has almost doubled in the last few years.
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Production of Liquid Hydrocarbons from Plastic Wastes
345-350Views:146Thermal pyrolysis of HDPE, LDPE, PP and PS plastic wastes were performed in a batch reactor and the yields of pyrolysis oils and liquid transportation fuels prepared by atmospheric distillation were determined. The gasoline fractions were tested in a traditional spark-ignition engine without any modifications or fuel blending. Fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission (NOx, CO) were measured and compared to a commercial fuel (RON = 95). PS generated 70.5% gasoline range hydrocarbons from the solid waste, followed by PP with 42.1%, LDPE with 40.8% and HDPE with 37.3%. The fuel consumption was reduced by 9.1-9.4% in the case of PS compared to reference measurement. Reduction in fuel consumption was noticeable at HDPE, LDPE and PP as well. PS gasoline decreased by 91-96%, while HDPE, LDPE and PP more likely increased the CO emission of the engine compared to commercial gasoline. The results show that pyrolysis of plastic wastes is a promising method to generate value added liquid transportation fuels and reduce the footprint of waste accumulation in landfills.
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The Alternative Use of Straw
331-343Views:140The problem addressed in this work is to examine the feasibility of using straw in innovative and alternative ways, focusing on aspects of cost sensitivity in subject areas of building investment and energy compsumption. I analysed the energy efficient performance of a straw bale building and compared that with those of a conventional construction, a newly-constracted building and a passive house. In my study I assessed the figures of costs of emboided energy, primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. I made calculations in terms of energy costs for a lifespan of 50 years. Considering that straw-bale construction uses an excellent and sustainable insulation material, its energy use is by 25.38% less than that of conventional construction.
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The Impact of Electrical Vehicles on Sustainability: Jordan as a Case Study
393-403Views:217The Global concern is moving toward making a revolution in favor of exploitation of renewable energy in order to improve environment conditions, limit emissions and minimizes consumption of non-renewable resources within the planet. In this context, it is necessary to focus on the transport sector as it contributes of at least 30% of the total primary energy consumption. Therefore, a set of rules must be developed to maintain economic, environmental and social sustainability to address the problems so as not to increase their severity and these cannot be done unless there are joint measures and regulations from governments, companies, manufacturers and users. Unfortunately, the Jordanian transport system mostly depend on the individual transport which supported by cars, and that because of the weak role played by the public transport sector, especially at the capital, Amman. Buying hybrid cars (internal combustion engine + electric motor) and Electrical Vehicles (EV), in the past few years in Jordan is increasing, which is compatible with the global trend to use Electrical Vehicles (EV) instead of Internal Combustion Engine vehicles (ICE) powered by fossil fuels, this issue will have a direct and indirect impact on gas stations companies, also it will have direct impact on labor sector and the current car industry since electric charging stations as well as EV manufacturing is not labor intensive. The main purpose of the study is to show how much it is necessary now to start theoretical assumptions through studying the expected annual increase in passenger cars and its impact on sustainability and predicting the future fuel consumption and emissions and compare them with the base situation.
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Global and Domestic Status and Prospects of Green Biomass Utilization
85-105Views:160Nowadays, the energy consumption of global population is depending on fossil fuels, but the role of renewable energies has been increasing rapidly, primarily due to the depletion of fossil fuels, the appreciation of environmental problems and climate policies. Biomass is the fourth most important energy resource in the world, provided an estimated 70% of global renewable energy supply. However, the annual growth rate of biomass is lagging behind modern renewable energy sources. The type of biomass is very diverse and can be processed and utilised by different methods. Currently, in the "green chemistry" industry (the replacement of petroleum-based, synthetic chemical raw materials with bio-based compounds from plant biomass), the importance of combustion, pyrolysis, biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel and basic chemical compounds production have been increasing. The objectives of the present research is to analyse the global and domestic status of renewable energies and biomass production, furthermore the possibilities of utilization of perennial, herbaceous biomass plant, the giant reed (Arundo donax L.), with which has been conducting research for numerous years at the University of Debrecen.
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Designing of Lab-scale Anaerobic Digester Equipped with Maxblend Impeller to Evaluate Effect of Mixing on Anaerobic Digestion
404-413Views:159Operational parameters can be easily controlled at lab scale experiments for an anaerobic digestion process. Our aim is to design a lab-scale digester equipped with an impeller to investigate how the geometry of impeller and different mixing modes effect the biogas yield of digester. Further, the methods of measuring the gas volume, gas composition, mixing intensity, torque, temperature are discussed in this article. The assembling of 4 liters digester is described which can be operated at various operating parameters which control the anaerobic digestion process. Mixing is very important to enhance efficiency of an anaerobic digester. To attain mixing Maxblend impeller is used in this lab-scale digester due to its better performance for mixing and power consumption. Various design consideration has been described.
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Numerical Model Analysis of Natural Gas Combustion Burners
67-71Views:159Traditional power plants still the dominating power source for all the major industries and powerdemanding facilities, the most crucial facility for the whole plant operations is the industrial boiler which generatessteam, heating energy or electrical power. Boilers generate energy by combustion. The improvement of combustion efficiency could greatly influence the energy consumption and will make the boiler more efficient and cleaner (less emissions), that’s why it is important to understand the combustion and thermal flow behaviours inside the boiler. Beside experimental testing, computational work nowadays becoming more and more important due to lower cost and acceptable accuracy with minimum error. With numerical calculations method, the computational model created by a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software could reduce a lot of trial and error on experimental work. In this paper utilizing the ANSYS FLUENT 19.1 software to make crate the combustion model. The ratio of air to fuel mixture, the equivalency factor, mass flow rate of the mixture, velocity, mass fractions of the mixture components (fuel and air) and their temperatures will serve as the input parameter while the exhaust gase component mass fraction, temperature, mass flow and velocity will be monitored.
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Review on Construction Procedures of Driving Cycles
266-285Views:291The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the literature of construction techniques of driving cycles. Our motivation for the overview is the future goal of constructing our own driving cycles for various types of vehicles and routes. This activity is part of a larger project focusing on determination of fuel and energy consumption by dynamic simulation of vehicles. Accordingly, the papers dealing with sample route determination, data collection and processing, driving cycle construction procedures, statistical evaluation of data are in our focus.
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Utilisation and Quality Management of Power Plant Fly Ash
329-337Views:216Over the past decades, both the residential and industrial energy demand has increased due to the continuously growing consumption and production. As a large share of the electricity is still produced using fossil fuels, the utilisation of the by-products is a contemporary and pervasive issue. Fly ash is generated in large quantities in coal-fired power plants and has been proven to be an appropriate raw material for various industrial uses. Among others, it is applicable as an additive and lightweight aggregate in the cement and concrete industry, can be used for CO2 sequestration, glass foam production, catalyst production, or as a base material for geopolymers, as well. Geopolymers are inorganic polymers produced via the reaction between solid alumina and silica containing or alkali silicate materials in alkali media. Due to their numerous advantageous properties and wide variety of utilisation possibilities, research on fly ash base geopolymers became widespread topic. The quality of fly ash is determined by technical requirements, and the degree of quality control requirements depends on the final use. In certain fields of applications, standards and regulations have already been created to ensure the consistent quality of the final products made from fly ash, e.g. in the cement and concrete industry. There are various methods for fly ash processing, however, the methods to achieve the necessary properties are not standardised.
