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• Connection Between Human Excreta and Global Warming

  139-154

  Anikó Zseni

  Judit Nagy

  Views:

  191

  Our study would like to draw attention to an insufficiently investigated question: how human excreta and its different treatment methods are related to climate change. Human excreta is part of the biological cycle. Its CO2 content gets released to the atmosphere to some degree according to the treatment methods used. 40 55% of faeces’ and 11-17% of urine’s dry matter content is carbon (in the form of organic compounds). According to this, approximately 21-57 g/person carbon bound in organic compounds is produced daily, which means an emission of 58-183 million tons of carbon in the world annually in the form of human excreta. The environmental load of the widely spread flush toilet based water infrastructure is significant. However, neither the degree of CO2 emission caused by collection and treatment of waste water, nor wasting of organic and nutrient content of excreta are properly studied. Our study highlights the emission of CO2 caused by the energy demand of sewage water collection and treatment, by the oxidation of organic compounds of human excreta and by burning of methane produced as a result of anaerobic treatment of waste water sludge. Finally the possibility of utilization of human excreta by direct composting is presented, which technology has not significantly spread in the world yet.

• The Alternative Use of Straw

  331-343

  Szilvia Mészáros

  Views:

  114

  The problem addressed in this work is to examine the feasibility of using straw in innovative and alternative ways, focusing on aspects of cost sensitivity in subject areas of building investment and energy compsumption. I analysed the energy efficient performance of a straw bale building and compared that with those of a conventional construction, a newly-constracted building and a passive house. In my study I assessed the figures of costs of emboided energy, primary energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. I made calculations in terms of energy costs for a lifespan of 50 years. Considering that straw-bale construction uses an excellent and sustainable insulation material, its energy use is by 25.38% less than that of conventional construction.

• Green Sports Products – Environmentally Friendly Efforts of some Sports Equipment and Sportswear Manufacturers.

  45-61

  Emese Makara

  Views:

  132

   In today's world, the issue of sustainability has become a cardinal problem on a global scale. The question of sustainability affects society, health, the economy, and the environment to a large extent. The examination of the environmental aspects of sustainability at the points where the sports sector interacts with the environment is considered a basis for research, and an increasing number of international studies and literature deal with this topic. Sports equipment and sportswear manufacturers operate through high numbers of multi-level global supply chains. They constantly strive to meet sudden changes in consumer demand, which results in high demand for raw materials and resources, waste and greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumption, all of which contribute to the most harmful environmental effects.

  The aim of this study is to present the environmental protection measures of Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour, multinational manufacturers of sports equipment and sportswear, aimed at raw material usage, waste management, minimizing water consumption, and reducing their carbon footprint, which they are increasingly applying as part of their business strategy.

• Environmental Considerations in Aircraft Manufacturing Industry Through the Example of Boeing Andairbus Companies

  59-66

  Balázs Mezei

  Norbert Boros

  Views:

  103

  Aircraft manufacturing industry has developed dynamically in the last decades. Reinforced polymers have become the most dominant raw materials, while the recycling rate of the generated industrial waste has also increased. The fuel efficiency of the engines has increased, and the emitted CO2 per capita has significantly fallen. However, the environmental impact of the aircraft manufacturing industry seems to reach a permanent level. In this study, we have analyzed the environmental impact and the environmental considerations of the aircraft manufacturing industry through the examples of Boeing and Airbus companies. Our goal was to determine the relation between industrial growth and the environmental impact, particularly to the potential innovations.