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Ung vármegye egyesületi élete 1938–1944 között a vármegye alispáni iratainak tükrében
5-13Megtekintések száma:0In 1938–1939, in accordance with the First Vienna Award, the area inhabited by Southern part of Transcarpathia returned to the rule of Hungary. This event brought about significant changes in the organization of association life. The actions of the Hungarian government greatly influenced the development of unique social relations all over this area. Between 1939 and 1944, with the support of the Hungarian government, several associations, societies and clubs were established that operated in the region. The purpose of my research is to prove that the operation and work of the associations greatly influenced the cultural situation of Transcarpathian society. -
Hajdú vármegye kialakítása, közigazgatási változásai 1876–1950
28-48Megtekintések száma:0At the beginning of the last quarter of the 19th century, the administrative system in Hungary underwent significant changes, as the laws of 1876 (XXXIII) and 1877 (I) dissolved the historically outdated privileged territories that had existed for centuries – including the Hajdú district – and incorporated them into the county system, resulting in the establishment of Hajdú County based in Debrecen. The idea of this had already emerged after the suppression of the 1848–49 revolution and war of independence – during which North and South Bihar counties were created – but after multiple reorganizations, by the end of 1860 and early 1861, the previous county system was restored, including the privileged territories. Following the Compromise of 1867, the demand for administrative reform intensified: in 1871, settlements were categorized into orderly council cities, large villages, and small villages. From 1872, the separation of administration and justice was introduced within counties and districts, district courts were established, large districts were dissolved and replaced with subdivisions/districts. The final step was the dissolution of various sized privileged territories in 1876–1877. The definitive formation of Hajdú County was preceded by more than three years of "struggle", beginning in 1873, during which Debrecen emerged victoriously with the support of Hajdúszoboszló, as the city became the seat of the county, to which six hajdú towns from Szabolcs and several villages from Bihar and Szabolcs were attached. Its territory remained unchanged until 1945, when two large villages (Nyírábrány and Nyírmártonfalva) were annexed from Szabolcs County, and then, in parallel with the establishment of the council system, Hajdú-Bihar County was created on March 16, 1950. -
Bihar vármegye hadi népe 1704-ben – Módszertani összefoglalás egy tervezett kismonográfia kiadása elé
5-19Megtekintések száma:0A posztomusz tanulmány nem tartalmaz rezümét -
Bihar vármegyei főispánok adattára 1920–1944
58-69Megtekintések száma:4Horthy Miklós kormányzósága idején a vármegyei és törvényhatósági városi közigazgatás szervezetei
a dualizmus korában kialakított struktúrákat követték, élükön a főispánok álltak és ebben
változást csupán a szovjet mintájú tanácsrendszer 1950-es bevezetése jelentett. Bihar vármegye
esetében már történtek próbálkozások az 1920 és 1944 közötti időszakban hivatalit viselő főispánok
beazonosítására, azonban az eddig megjelent munkák nem jutottak kielégítő, teljes körű eredményre.
Jelen közlemény ezért a hivatalos, állami kiadású forrásokra támaszkodva nevezi meg
azon személyeket, akik a megjelölt időintervallumon belül betöltötték ezt a pozíciót. Ezen túlmenően
közlésre kerülnek kiegészítő, összehasonlításra is alkalmas életrajzi és hivataltörténeti adatok
is: a főispánok születési ideje és helye, felekezeti hovatartozása, kinevezésük és lemondásuk időpontja,
valamint korábbi és későbbi közigazgatási vagy politikai szerepvállalásaik. -
Mozaikok a Békés vármegyei csendbiztosok 1860–1880-as évekbeli történetéről
36-47Megtekintések száma:0By the time of the Napoleonic Wars at the latest, the counties had to face the consequences of rapidly deteriorating public security and the raids typical of the “bandit world” prevalent in the Great Hungarian Plain. The significant increase in crime was caused by the increase in taxes, the strict military recruitment obligations, and the great famines of the early 1790s. The ‘pandur’ system, which ensured public order, was not a uniformly organized national guard but rather a variety of formations operated in each county, often with very different salaries and rewards. The ‘pandur’ system, as a county public security body, could be encountered in some regions as early as the 17th century, but most noble assemblies ordered its establishment during the 18th century. -
Bihar megyei, hajdúsági és debreceni származású református MTA tagok (1920–1944) ősfái
142-156Megtekintések száma:1 -
Kísérlet a porta és a ház adózási alapként való vizsgálatára Bihar vármegyében
5-19Megtekintések száma:0A county which had continuously been exposed to Turkish incursions lying between the Kingdom of Hungary and Transylvania, and in which there were far-reaching fights for its possession provides an excellent research opportunity. The reason for this is that inthe second half of the 16th century, not only the Principality of Transylvania was beingformed, but Partium was also emerged by the name of Tiszántúl Parts largest region ofwhich was Bihar County. In the present study, I examined the site censuses of the 16th Century Bihar County preserved between 1552 and 1597, and the house censuses between 1598 and 1599. Most importantly, I would like to show – by using unpublished, primary sources and merging the results of the literature up to the present day – howimportant data can be retrieved by examining the site- and house censuses. My future goal is to map the society of holders, based on the censuses. -
Bihar megye román megszállása, 1919–1920
93-109Megtekintések száma:0In our study, we concentrate on the Romanian occupation of the area of Bihar county. For this topic, we have used documents of deputy-lieutenants, and death records from the settlements of the county, the press data from Oradea and Salonta in Hungary, as well as the local history literature. For the time being, we have not been able to examine Romanian resources, so the occupation can only be described on the basis of Hungarian archival documents. We briefly discuss the conflicts in the region and their consequences, and we present everyday life. -
A bihari térség templomainak régi toronyóráira és mestereikre vonatkozó újabb adatok. Kutatási eredmények összegzése
5-62Megtekintések száma:1This study presents recent data on old church tower clocks – from the 18th-19th century – and their master craftsmen in the Bihar region, as well as a summary of the results of our research in this topic. We recorded data or a series of data on our field trips, as well as on the basis of archival sources, relating to altogether 62 clockworks, and/or identified still existing clockworks and artefacts. Of these, 49 could be linked to a master-locksmith or workshop, which is the main benefit of our research. Most of the surviving artefacts, as well as the work of some of their masters, were largely unknown to the sparse literature on the topic. Significant additions have been made, first of all, to the work of the locksmiths of Nagyvárad (today Oradea – Romania) and Debrecen, as well as of Pankota (today Pâncota – Romania) and Nagykároly (today Carei – Romania). -
Adalékok a szélsőjobboldal Bihar vármegyei történetéhez
83-96Megtekintések száma:0We know very little about the history of the extreme right in Bihar, the literature has never dealt with it, just like what the case was with other areas. Bihar county never belonged to the nests of the extreme right (unlike Zala, Szabolcs, or the not very far-off city of Debrecen). Nevertheless, three important events can be emphasized. One is that the main delegate of the Scythe Cross movement was from Bihar and wanted to clear theground for their ’military’ putsch in Bihar. The second event was that here was the first time that a candidate with a National Socialist programme ran for office at an interim parliamentary election. And last, the last open election of the Hungarian history took place here: it was an interim election in 1939, less than 4 months before the first and at the same time last secret parliamentary election of the era, at which one of the candidates was a National Socialist candidate. I aim to deal with these topics, enumerating a couple of pieces of data first as an introduction about the extreme right embedded nature of the county. Next, I introduce the sued Lajos Hatvani, who lived through the lawsuits against scythe crossers as the mainaccused person. In the third section, I review the interim elections of September 1933 and 2nd February 1939. In 1933, Zoltán Böszörmény himself, the leader of the scythe crossers, ran inefficiently, and in 1939, there were two challengers of the ruling party: a yeoman and an arrow-crosser also ran. The day of the latter election, as it turns out from the press of the period, was rather eventful, and it provides a great report on the political arrangement of the Horthy Era. -
A kádári egyházpolitika Biharban
97-115Megtekintések száma:0The supremacy of the church traditionally spread out to the whole life of people till the end of World War II. However, this was straight against the atheist views of the communist leadership that was gradually gaining power after 1945, so the churches like the ’Clerical Reaction’ became the number one ideological rivals and pursued by all means their fight off. The proceedings taking place in several arenas started off with the elimination of the economic power of the churches, the fighting off of their public and political acts and of their educational position. The complete bled out of the denominations continued with the formation of one priestpastor layer that was mostly loyal to and dependent on the realm, until the forceful turn to irreligiousness, which the original aim was, took place in the mid-70s. In the present study, we show the local manifestations of this event in Bihar, comparing them via several examples with country-wide events. -
Református lelkészek jövedelmei Zemplén megyében a 18–19. század fordulóján
73-85Megtekintések száma:0The income of priests and teachers in Hungary became important for the state power when it wanted to impose tax even upon privileged groups that had up until then been exempt from state burden. Joseph II’s plan could eventually not be realized because of the resistance of the nobility, there had been attempts to demolish even the sheets of cadastral research. However, it turns out from the fragments preserved in Zemplen county that the Calvinists had 143 cadastral acres and 666 square feet of self-managed land. The census measuring the income of the different layers of society estimated the income of Calvinist priests to be 1515 Rhenish Guldens.The income of priests can be divided into 3 main groups: they had allowances determined in monetary terms (payment, stole, deposit interest), they had crop yield (mostly cereals, wine, cattle, hay, wood), and the villagers also owed agricultural work to their priest. Sometimes even the holder of the settlement contributed to the catering of the churchof the village, the priest, or the preacher (with produce). Although the censuses of priest income primarily showed the crop yield – according to the actual benefits –, with a fewexceptions, it was recalculated to cash. Comparing the data in the two censuses, it can be seen that, in most cases, the ploughland included in the cadastral research meant only part of the parochial land that the ecclesiastical tracking kept account of on the side of priests or teachers. Similarly, only part of the ecclesiastical income was allowed to be included in the tracking made in 1800. This was because it soon turned out that the income of priests could not necessarily be included in either of the income categories contained in the tracking, so they needed to be tracked in different ways (most often exactly stating their type and extent). The incomes stated in the two censuses were in most cases the same, supporting the authenticity of the resources. It can be considered a curiosity that out of the 46 Calvinist priests mentioned in the 1800 tracking, there are 36 names with the note “Does not have anything”, which of course verified the fact that they were not possible to be added to categories, rather than that there was income deficit. Even though the data contained in the two resources are not the same in every respect, they more or less supplement each other, so the research cannot ignore either of them.
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